Recôncavo Baiano

Map of the Bay of All Saints, with the Metropolitan Region of Salvador highlighted.

12°50′58.24″S 38°23′56.93″W / 12.8495111°S 38.3991472°W / -12.8495111; -38.3991472

The Recôncavo Baiano is a geographical region located in the Brazilian state of Bahia that covers the inland area surrounding the Bay of All Saints and the Metropolitan Region of Salvador. However, the expression is not constantly used to refer to Salvador.[1]

The region is very rich in oil. In agriculture, sugar cane, manioc, tobacco and some tropical fruit crops are suitable for planting. Since the beginning of Brazil's colonization, the word "recôncavo", originally used to describe lands around a bay, has been associated with the area near the Bay of All Saints.[1]

History

In the 16th century, the Recôncavo Baiano was notable for the presence of brazilwood. The local climate contributed to the cultivation of sugar cane crops, which became the strongest economic activity in the area and resulted in the construction of more than 400 sugar mills. The massive presence of Africans enslaved on Brazilian plantations influenced different cultural elements, such as music, food and religion.[2][3][4]

A genetic study conducted in municipalities in the Recôncavo Baiano confirmed the high degree of African ancestry in the region. People from the urban areas of Cachoeira and Maragojipe were analyzed, as well as quilombolas from the rural area of Cachoeira. The result indicated that African ancestry was 80.4%, European ancestry 10.8% and indigenous ancestry 8.8%. In Salvador, the genetic analysis carried out on the population confirmed that the city's largest genetic contribution is African (49.2%), followed by European (36.3%) and indigenous (14.5%). It also concluded that individuals who have a surname with a religious connotation are more likely to have African ancestry (54.9%) and to belong to less privileged social classes.[5][6]

Geography

Map of the Recôncavo Baiano, 1899. National Archives.

The Recôncavo Baiano covers 20 cities: Aratuípe, Cabaceiras do Paraguaçu, Cachoeira, Castro Alves, Conceição do Almeida, Cruz das Almas, Dom Macedo Costa, Governador Mangabeira, Itatim, Jaguaripe, Maragogipe, Muniz Ferreira, Muritiba, Nazaré, Salinas da Margarida, Santa Terezinha, Santo Amaro, Santo Antônio de Jesus, São Felipe, São Felix, São Miguel das Matas, São Gonçalo dos Campos, Sapeaçu, Saubara and Varzedo.[7]

The region features stretches of Atlantic Forest with typical specimens of caatinga and cerrado. The soils in the valleys and at the mouths of the Paraguaçu, Jaguaripe and Subaé rivers are shallow, well-drained and have medium to high natural fertility. It also presents the highly fertile massapê soil, which originates from the pedogenetic processes of igneous and meta-igneous rocks such as basalt, gabbro, green schist and chlorite schist.[8][9][4]

Education

Besides the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) and the Federal Institute of Bahia (IFBA), both based in Salvador, the Recôncavo Baiano also features two other public institutions: the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), with campuses in the cities of Cruz das Almas, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Amargosa, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira, and the University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), based in São Francisco do Conde. Santo Antônio de Jesus has a campus of the State University of Bahia (UNEB) and of the Adventist College of Bahia (FADBA), which was the first private higher education institution in the region.[10][11][12]

Culture

Salvador is the city with the highest number of Afro-descendants in Brazil.

Around 1860, the first manifestations of samba de roda, proclaimed a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, appeared in the Recôncavo Baiano. The region is notable for the Velloso family (originally with two "l"s), originally from Santo Amaro da Purificação, which includes singers Caetano Veloso and Maria Bethânia, who began their careers in the 1960s.[13][14][15]

Several cities in the region host festivals that unite Catholic and Afro-Brazilian religions. In Cachoeira, the Brotherhood of Our Lady of Good Death is responsible for organizing the annual Festa da Boa Morte on August 13, which includes mass, samba and food. In Salvador, the Lavagem do Bonfim is held every January and includes the washing of the steps and atrium of the Church of Our Lord of Bonfim.[16][17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nacif, Paulo Gabriel (2010-08-16). "Esta terra chamada Recôncavo Baiano". UFRB. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  2. ^ "Recôncavo Baiano: conheça uma joia cultural e histórica da Bahia". Costa do Sauipe. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  3. ^ "Recôncavo [Baiano]". Historia Luso. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  4. ^ a b Brito, Ronan (2014). "A Baía de Todos os Santos e o seu Recôncavo imediato: origens, identidades, percepçãoes e utopia" (PDF). UFBA.
  5. ^ Silva, Wellington; Guimarães, Maria de Nazaré; Grisolia, Cesar (2010). "β-globin haplotypes in normal and hemoglobinopathic individuals from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 33 (3).
  6. ^ Machado; Bomfim; Galvão-Castro (2008). "Ancestralidade genômica e tipos de sobrenomes em Salvador-BA" (PDF). SBG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-26.
  7. ^ "Novos limites dos 20 municípios do Recôncavo são fechados com consenso". SEI. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  8. ^ "Cruz das Almas". UFRB. 2011-12-28. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  9. ^ Oliveira; Jesus. "Estudo Geológico – Geotécnico dos Solos Expansivos da Região do Recôncavo Baiano" (PDF). UFBA.
  10. ^ "Conheça a UFRB". UFRB. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  11. ^ "Onde Estamos". UniLab. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  12. ^ "HISTÓRICO". Adventista. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  13. ^ "Recôncavo Baiano". Toda Matéria. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  14. ^ Rocha, Adriane (2023-08-07). "Filho do Recôncavo Baiano Caetano Veloso, celebra 81 anos de vida; relembre o legado". Portal Umbu. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  15. ^ Valente, Laura (2015-05-31). "Livro de Mabel Velloso versa sobre a comida da mãe, dona Canô, revelando sabores do Recôncavo baiano". Uai. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  16. ^ "Festa da Boa Morte". IPAC. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  17. ^ "Lavagem do Bonfim: tudo que você precisa saber sobre o tradicional evento religioso que acontece nesta quinta, em Salvador". G1. 2024-01-09. Retrieved 2024-02-14.

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