Realgar (/riˈælɡɑːr, -ɡər/ ree-AL-gar, -gər), also known as ″arsenic blende″, ″ruby sulphur″ or ″ruby of arsenic″, is an arsenic sulfide mineral with the chemical formula α-As4S4. It is a soft, sectile mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, or in granular, compact, or powdery form, often in association with the related mineral, orpiment (As2S3). It is orange-red in color, melts at 320 °C, and burns with a bluish flame releasing fumes of arsenic and sulfur. Realgar is soft with a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and has a specific gravity of 3.5. Its streak is orange colored. It is trimorphous with pararealgar and bonazziite.[2]
Its name comes from the Arabic rahj al-ġār (رهج الغار [rahdʒælɣaːr] listenⓘ, "powder of the mine"), via Medieval Latin, and its earliest record in English is in the 1390s.[7][8][9]
Realgar is a minor ore of arsenic extracted in China, Peru, and the Philippines. [10]
Realgar was used by firework manufacturers to create the color white in fireworks prior to the availability of powdered metals such as aluminium, magnesium and titanium. It is still used in combination with potassium chlorate to make a contact explosive known as "red explosive" for some types of torpedoes and other novelty exploding fireworks branded as 'cracker balls', as well in the cores of some types of crackling stars.[citation needed]
Realgar is toxic. It was sometimes used to kill weeds, insects, and rodents,[11] even though more effective arsenic-based anti-pest agents are available such as cacodylic acid, (CH3)2As(O)OH, an organoarsenic compound used as herbicide.
Realgar was commonly used in leather manufacturing to remove hair from animal pelts. Because it is a known carcinogen and an arsenic poison, and because substitutes are available, it is rarely used today for this purpose.
The ancient Greeks, who called realgar σανδαράκη (sandarákē), understood that it was poisonous. From this, realgar has also historically been known in English as sandarac.
Realgar was also used by Ancient Greek apothecaries to make a medicine known as "bull's blood".[12] The Greek physician Nicander described a death by "bull's blood", which matches the known effects of arsenic poisoning.[12] Bull's blood is the poison that is said to have been used by Themistocles and Midas for suicide.[12]
The Chinese name for realgar is 雄黃 (Mandarin xiónghuáng), literally 'masculine yellow', as opposed to orpiment which is 'feminine yellow'.[13]
Realgar was, along with orpiment, traded in the Roman Empire and was used as a red paint pigment. Early occurrences of realgar as a red paint pigment are known for works of art from China, India, Central Asia, and Egypt. It was used in European fine-art painting during the Renaissance era, a use which died out by the 18th century.[14] It was also used as medicine. Other traditional uses include manufacturing lead shot, printing, and dyeing calico cloth. It was used to poison rats in medieval Spain and in 16th century England.[15]
Realgar most commonly occurs as a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral associated with other arsenic and antimony minerals. It also occurs as volcanic sublimations and in hot spring deposits. It occurs in association with orpiment, arsenolite, calcite and barite.[2]
It is found with lead, silver and gold ores in Hungary, Bohemia and Saxony. In the US it occurs notably in Mercur, Utah; Manhattan, Nevada; and in the geyser deposits of Yellowstone National Park.[5]
After a long period of exposure to light, realgar changes form to a yellow powder known as pararealgar (β-As4S4). It was once thought that this powder was the yellow sulfide orpiment, but is a distinct chemical compound.[16]
Former drug trafficker and FBI informant For the 2018 biographical film about him, see White Boy Rick. Richard Wershe Jr.Wershe in 2023BornRichard John Wershe Jr.[1] (1969-07-18) July 18, 1969 (age 54)Detroit, Michigan, U.S.StatusReleased on July 20, 2020Other namesWhite Boy RickKnown forF.B.I. informant at age 14. Spending 27 years in prison for a drug offence committed when he was 17.Criminal chargePossession of cocaine in excess of eight kg Racketeering (Conspiracy to C…
BG Junction BG Junction adalah sebuah mal di kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Dahulu mal ini sebenarnya bernama Bubutan Golden Junction. Para developer dari tempat belanja ini adalah PT Sentral Supel Perkasa yang merupakan anak perusahaan dari Keppel Land Singapura. Mereka kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi BG Junction. Di lantai 9 mal ini juga terdapat Choice City Hotel yang dibuka pada tanggal 26 Maret 2018. Sejarah Setelah pusat perbelanjaan pada era 70an dan 80an bernama Wijaya terbakar …
L1ve to Love, Love to L1veAlbum studio karya AfganDirilis10 Februari 2013Direkam2011-2012GenrePopDurasi40:20LabelTrinity Optima ProductionSwara Sangkar EmasProduserSigit Purnomo Syamsuddin SaidKronologi Afgan The One (2010)The One2010 L1ve to Love, Love to L1ve (2013) SIDES (2016) Singel dalam album L1ve to Love, Love to L1ve Pesan CintaDirilis: Desember 2012 Jodoh Pasti BertemuDirilis: Juni 2013 SabarDirilis: November 2013 Katakan TidakDirilis: Februari 2014 Untukmu Aku BertahanDirilis: Agu…
Venezuela7º lugar Titular Alternativo Asociación Federación Venezolana de Fútbol Escudo Confederación Conmebol Participación 18.ª (18.ª consecutiva) Mejor resultado 4.° lugar (en 2011) Ranking histórico 11.° lugar Ranking FIFA 33.° lugar (junio de 2019)[1] Entrenador Rafael Dudamel La selección de Venezuela fue uno de los doce equipos participantes de la Copa América 2019. Dicho torneo se desarrolló en Brasil, entre el 14 de junio hasta el 7 de julio de 2019. En el sorteo r…
Світовий годинник (нім. Weltzeituhr) на Александерплац у Берліні (1968 —1969)[1] Світовий годинник — це годинник, який показує час у різних містах світу. Зміст 1 Опис 2 Див. також 3 Примітки 4 Посилання Опис Дисплей може бути виконано по-різному: циферблат може поєднувати багат
Israeli rabbi Rabbi Nissim Karelitz in 2012 Shmaryahu Yosef Nissim Karelitz (Hebrew: נסים קרליץ; July 19, 1926 – October 21, 2019)[1][2] was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and posek who served as the chairman of the beis din tzedek (rabbinical court) of Bnei Brak. Biography Karelitz was born in 1926 in Kosava (Kossov), Vilnius province, Poland, presently in Belarus. He came to Israel in 1935 with his parents. Karelitz was a nephew of Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz, known as …
Para otros usos de este término, véase Kim Jae-yong. Este nombre sigue la onomástica coreana; el apellido es Kim. Kim Jae-young Kim Jae-young en septiembre de 2017.Información personalNombre en coreano 김재영 Nacimiento 30 de septiembre de 1988 (35 años) Corea del SurNacionalidad SurcoreanaLengua materna Coreano Información profesionalOcupación actor, modeloAños activo desde 2011Sitio web cafe.daum.net/EternityKJY [editar datos en Wikidata]Kim Jae-young (en hangul, 김
?Юзу Юзу у живій природі Біологічна класифікація Царство: Рослини (Plantae) Родина: Рутові (Rutaceae) Триба: Цитрусові (Citreae) Рід: Цитрус (Citrus) Вид: C. ichangensis x C. reticulata var. austera Біноміальна назва Citrus ichangensis x Citrus reticulata var. austera Посилання Вікісховище: Citrus junos EOL: 2886163 IPNI: 771942-1 NCBI: 135197 Юзу (лат. Citrus ju…
Wilhelm Heinrich Neuser (lahir 13 Juni 1926 di Siegen ; meninggal 25 Juni 2010 di Münster) [1] adalah seorang teolog Protestan Jerman, sejarawan gereja, profesor dan sarjana terkemuka dalam penelitian John Calvin,[2] pendiri Kongres Internasional Riset Calvin (International Congress on Calvin Research). [3] Wilhelm Heinrich Neuser, 6 Oktober 1997, Universitas Teologi Bersatu Asia Dari kiri Yonbai Choi, Keuntak Park, Myungjun Ahn, Chulha Han, Yangho Lee, dan Seongbon…
باورز الإحداثيات 45°41′24″N 87°31′33″W / 45.69°N 87.525833333333°W / 45.69; -87.525833333333 تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[1] التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة مينوميني خصائص جغرافية المساحة 2564088 متر مربع ارتفاع 267 متر عدد السكان عدد السكان 422 (2010)[2]381 (1 أبريل…
Евгений Михайлович Загот Дата рождения 21 августа 1976(1976-08-21) (47 лет) Место рождения Москва, СССР Род деятельности композитор Медиафайлы на Викискладе Евгений Михайлович Загот (род. 21 августа 1976 года в Москве) — композитор, дирижёр, музыкальный продюсер, аранжировщ…
U.S. House district for Massachusetts Massachusetts's 1st congressional districtInteractive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023Representative Richard NealD–SpringfieldArea3,101.14 sq mi (8,031.9 km2)Distribution69.21% urban30.79% ruralPopulation (2022)772,032Median householdincome$68,956[1]Ethnicity73.5% White16.3% Hispanic6.3% Black1.9% Asian1.7% Two or more races0.4% otherOccupation59.7% White-collar23.8% Blue-collar16.4% Gray-collarCook PVID+9[2…
Bridge in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (May 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 3,671 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language artic…
Vladimir Alexandrovich SudetsNama asliВладимир Александрович СудецLahir(1904-10-23)23 Oktober 1904Kegubernuran Ekaterinoslav, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal6 Mei 1981(1981-05-06) (umur 76)Moskwa, Uni SovietPengabdian Uni SovietLama dinas1925-1981PangkatMarsekal PenerbanganPerang/pertempuran Perang Musim Dingin Pertempuran Kursk Serangan Dnieper–Karpatia Vladimir Alexandrovich Sudets (bahasa Rusia: Владимир Александрович Судец; 2…
Former professional footballer For the Pakistani Olympic hockey player, see Atif Bashir (field hockey). Atif Bashir Personal informationFull name Atif Bashir QureshiDate of birth (1985-04-03) 3 April 1985 (age 38)Place of birth West Berlin, West GermanyHeight 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)[1]Position(s) Center BackYouth career1994–2001 Hertha Berlin2002–2004 Cardiff CitySenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2004–2005 Afan Lido 11 (1)2005–2006 Maesteg Park 34 (2)2007–2008 C…
Cemetery in Belfast, County Down, Northern Ireland Roselawn CemeteryDetailsEstablished1954LocationCrossnacreevy, BelfastCountryNorthern Ireland, UKTypePublicOwned byBelfast City CouncilNo. of interments>50,000WebsiteOfficial websiteFind a GraveRoselawn Cemetery Roselawn Cemetery (Irish: Reilig Phlásóg na Rós) (also known as Roselawn) is a large cemetery and crematorium on the outskirts of Belfast in Northern Ireland.[1] It opened in 1954. It is owned and operated by Belfast City Co…
Indian screenwriter Vipul K RawalNationalityIndianOccupationsScriptwriterauthorYears active1997–presentSpouseSindhu V Rawal (1993–present)Children2 Vipul K Rawal is an Indian scriptwriter, film maker, and author. Rawal's most recent film was Rustom starring Akshay Kumar for which Akshay Kumar won the National Award for the best actor. Rawal also wrote the episodic television series Vicky Ki Taxi, which centered on the life and adventures of a Mumbai taxi driver, and that was funded by T…
Historic railroad in Central Florida South Florida RailroadInteractive Map of South Florida Railroad main line (red) and branches (dark red)OverviewLocaleFloridaDates of operation1880–1902SuccessorPlant SystemAtlantic Coast Line RailroadTechnicalTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gaugePrevious gaugeoriginally 3 ft (914 mm) gauge 1888 map The South Florida Railroad was a railroad from Sanford, Florida, to Tampa, Florida, becoming part of the Pla…
Jennifer HilaryBornJennifer Mary Hilary(1942-12-14)14 December 1942Frimley, EnglandDied6 August 2008(2008-08-06) (aged 65)London, EnglandAlma materRADAOccupationActressYears active1961–2007 Jennifer Mary Hilary (14 December 1942 – 6 August 2008)[1] was a British actress of stage, film and television. Her first acclaimed stage performance was as Milly in Henry James' The Wings of the Dove, which marked her debut in the West End. Career Born at Frimley, Surrey, she train…
Christian publishing company For other uses, see Crossway (disambiguation). CrosswayFounded1938[a]1978FounderClyde and Muriel Dennis[b]Lane and Ebeth DennisCountry of originUnited StatesHeadquarters locationWheaton, IllinoisKey peopleJosh Dennis(President and CEO)Publication typesChristian books, ESV Bibles, tractsOfficial websitewww.crossway.org Crossway (previously known by its parent ministry Good News Publishers) is a not-for-profit evangelical Christian publishing ministry h…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.147.195.163