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House of Bourbon-Condé
House of Bourbon-Condé
	;
Parent house	House of Bourbon
Place of origin	Condé-en-Brie, France
Founded	1557
Founder	Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
Final head	Louis Henri de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
Titles	Prince of Condé; Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon; Duke of Enghien; Duke of Bourbon; Duke of Montmorency; Duke of Mercœur; Marquis of Graville; Count of La Marche; Count of Pézenas; Count of Alais; Count of Clermont; Prince du sang
Properties	Château de Chantilly; Château de Condé; Château de Vallery; Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé; Hôtel de Condé; Palais Bourbon
Dissolution	1830
Cadet branches	Princes of Conti; Counts of Soissons

The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (pronounced [buʁbɔ̃ kɔ̃de]), named after Condé-en-Brie (now in the Aisne département), was a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: prince de Condé) that was originally assumed around 1557 by the French Protestant leader Louis de Bourbon (1530–1569),^[1] uncle of King Henry IV of France, and borne by his male-line descendants.

This line became extinct in 1830 when his eighth-generation descendant, Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, died without surviving male issue. The princely title was held for one last time by Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé, who died in 1866.

History

The Princes of Condé descend from the Vendôme family – the progenitors of the modern House of Bourbon. There was never a principality, sovereign or vassal, of Condé. The name merely served as the territorial source of a title adopted by Louis, who inherited from his father, Charles IV de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme (1489–1537), the lordship of Condé-en-Brie in Champagne, consisting of the Château of Condé and a dozen villages some fifty miles east of Paris.

It had passed from the sires of Avesnes, to the Counts of St. Pol. When Marie de Luxembourg-St. Pol wed François, Count of Vendôme (1470–1495) in 1487, Condé-en-Brie became part of the Bourbon-Vendôme patrimony.

Duc de Bourbon

After the extinction in 1527 of the Dukes of Bourbon, François's son Charles (1489–1537) became head of the House of Bourbon, which traces its male-line descent from Robert, Count of Clermont (1256–1318), a younger son of France's Saint-King Louis IX. Of the sons of Charles of Vendôme, the eldest, Antoine, became jure uxoris King of Navarre and fathered Henry IV.

The youngest son, Louis, inherited the lordships of Meaux, Nogent, Condé, and Soissons as his appanage. Louis was titled Prince of Condé in a parliamentary document on 15 January 1557 and, without any legal authority beyond their dignity as princes of the Blood Royal, they continued to bear it for the next three centuries. He was succeeded by his son Henri I de Bourbon, prince de Condé.

Louis, the first Prince, actually gave the Condé property to his youngest son, Charles (1566–1612), Count of Soissons. Charles' only son Louis (1604–1641) left Condé and Soissons to female heirs in 1624, who married into the Savoy and Orléans-Longueville dynasties.

Monsieur le Prince

Upon the accession to France's throne of Henry IV of Bourbon in 1589, his first cousin-once-removed Henry, Prince of Condé (1588–1646), was heir presumptive to the crown until 1601. Although Henry's own descendants thereafter held the senior positions within the royal family of dauphin, Fils de France, and petits-fils de France, from 1589 to 1709 the Princes of Condé coincidentally held the rank at court of premier prince du sang royal (First Prince of the Blood Royal), to which was attached income, precedence, and ceremonial privilege (such as the exclusive right to be addressed as Monsieur le prince at court).

However, the position of premier prince devolved upon the ducs d'Orléans in 1710, so the seventh Prince, Louis III (1668–1710) declined to make use of the title, preferring instead to be known by his hereditary peerage of Duke of Bourbon, which still afforded him the right to be known as Monsieur le Duc. Subsequent heirs likewise preferred the ducal to the princely title.

Later

After the death of Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé in 1709, the family were in regular attendance at court. Louis de Bourbon-Condé (at that point known as the Duke of Bourbon) had in 1685 married Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, the legitimated daughter of Louis XIV of France and Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan.

The couple had many children and produced an heir to the Condé titles and lands. Their son was Louis Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc de Bourbon. He led a quiet life and was known at court as Monsieur le Duc after the loss of the rank of premier prince du sang in 1723. After his death the family retreated from court life but Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé was vital in the forming of the Army of Condé - formed to support his cousin Louis XVI during his imprisonment during the revolution. He was the longest holder of the title, being known as the prince de Condé for seventy-eight years.

His son married the sister of Louis Philippe II d'Orléans better known as Philippe Égalité. She was called Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d'Orléans. She was the last princesse de Condé and mother of Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé - titled duc d'Enghien. He was executed by Napoleon I of France at the Château de Vincennes. With the death of the duc d'Enghien, the heir to the Condé name, his father was the last holder of the title.

After his death in 1830 the Condé lands passed to the last prince's cousin Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale whose eldest son Louis was later a prince de Condé after gaining the title from his father.^[2]

Simplified Bourbon family tree

From Louis IX to Louis XIV

Direct Capetians

Louis IX
King of France
1214–1270
r. 1226–1270

Margaret
of Provence
1221–1295

House of Bourbon

Philip III
King of France
1245–1285
r. 1270–1285

Robert
Count of Clermont
1256–1317
r. 1268–1317

Beatrice
of Burgundy
1257–1310

House of Valois

Charles
Count of Valois
1270–1325
r. 1284–1325

Louis I
Duke of Bourbon
1279–1341
r. 1327–1341

Mary
of Avesnes
1280–1354

Philip VI
King of France
1293–1350
r. 1328–1350

John II
King of France
1319–1364
r. 1350–1364

Isabella
of Valois
1313–1383

Peter I
Duke of Bourbon
1311–1356
r. 1342–1356

James I
Count of La Marche
1319–1362
r. 1356–1362

Jeanne
of Châtillon
1320-1371^[3]

Charles V
King of France
1338–1380
r. 1364–1380

Joanna
of Bourbon
1338–1378

Louis II
Duke of Bourbon
1337–1410
r. 1356–1410

Peter II
Count of La Marche
1342–1362
r. 1362

John I
Count of La Marche
1344–1393
r. 1362–1393

Catherine
of Vendôme
1354–1412

Charles VI
King of France
1368–1422
r. 1380–1422

John I
Duke of Bourbon
1381–1434
r. 1410–1434

Louis I
Duke of Orléans
1372–1407
r. 1392–1407

James II
Count of La Marche
1370–1438
r. 1393–1438

Louis
Count of Vendôme
1376–1446
r. 1393–1446

John
Lord of Carency
1378–1458
r. 1393–1458

Charles VII
King of France
1403–1461
r. 1422–1461

Charles I
Duke of Bourbon
1401–1456
r. 1434–1456

Louis I
Count of Montpensier
1405–1486
r. 1428–1486

John
Count of Angoulême
1399–1467

Eleanor
of Bourbon-La Marche
1407–aft.1464

Lords of Carency

Louis XI
King of France
1423–1483
r. 1461–1483

Joan
of France
1435–1482

John II
Duke of Bourbon
1426–1488
r. 1456–1488

Charles II
Duke of Bourbon
1434–1488
r. 1488

Louis
Bishop of Liège
1438–1482
r. 1456–1482

Gilbert
Count of Montpensier
1443–1496
r. 1486–1496

Charles
Count of Angoulême
1459–1496
r. 1467–1496

Dukes of Nemours

John VIII
Count of Vendôme
1425–1477
r. 1446–1477

Anne
of France
1461–1522

Peter II
Count of La Marche
Duke of Bourbon
1438–1503
r. 1488–1503

Peter
of Bourbon-Busset
1464–1529

Francis
Count of Vendôme
1470–1495
r. 1477–1495

Louis
Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
1473–1520

Louise
Duchess of Montpensier
1482–1561
r. 1538–1561

Suzanne
Duchess of Bourbon
1491–1521
r. 1503–1521

Charles III
Count of La Marche
Duke of Bourbon
1490–1527
r. 1521–1527

Philip
of Bourbon-Busset
1494–1557

Francis I
King of France
1494–1547
r. 1515–1547

Charles
Duke of Vendôme
1489–1537
r. 1514–1537

Louis
Duke of Montpensier
1513-1582
r. 1561–1582

Bourbon-Busset
illegitimate male-line

Henry II
King of France
1519–1559
r. 1547–1559

Jeanne III
d'Albret
Queen of Navarre
1528–1572
r. 1555–1572

Antoine
Duke of Vendôme
King of Navarre
1518–1562
r. 1555–1562

Louis
Prince of Condé
1530–1569
r. 1546–1569

Dukes of Montpensier

Margaret
of France
1553–1615

Henry IV
of Bourbon
King of France
1553–1610
r. 1589–1610

Marie
de' Medici
1575–1642

Henri I
Prince of Condé
1552–1588
r. 1569–1588

Louis XIII
King of France
1601–1643
r. 1610–1643

Henri II
Prince of Condé
1588–1646
r. 1588–1646

Louis XIV
King of France
1638–1715
r. 1643–1715

Louis II
Grand Condé
Prince of Condé
1621–1686
r. 1646–1686

Armand
Prince of Conti
1629–1666
r. 1629–1666

Henri Jules
Prince of Condé
1643–1709
r. 1686–1709

Louis III
Prince of Condé
1668–1710
r. 1709–1710

Louise Françoise
of Bourbon
1673–1743

Marie Thérèse
de Bourbon
1666–1732

François Louis
Grand Conti
Prince of Conti
1664–1709
r. 1685–1709

Louis Armand I
Prince of Conti
1661–1685
r. 1666–1685

Marie Anne
de Bourbon
1666–1739

Louis IV Henri
Prince de Condé
1692–1740
r. 1710–1740

Marie Anne
de Bourbon
1689–1720

Louise Élisabeth
de Bourbon
1693–1775

Louis Armand II
Prince of Conti
1695–1727
r. 1709–1727

Louis V
Joseph
Prince of Condé
1736–1818
r. 1740–1818

Louis François
Prince of Conti
1717–1776
r. 1727–1776

Louis VI Henri
Prince of Condé
1756–1830
r. 1818–1830

Louis François Joseph
Prince of Conti
1734–1814
r. 1776–1814

Louis Antoine
Duke of Enghien
1772–1804

Descent from Henry IV

Henry IV

King of France
(1589–1610)

Louis XIII

King of France
(1610–1643)

Louis XIV

King of France
(1643–1715)

Philippe I
Duke of Orléans

Louis
"Le Grand Dauphin" of France

Philippe II
Duke of Orléans
Regent of France

Louis
"Le Petit Dauphin" of France

Philip V

King of Spain
(1700–1746)

Louis
Duke of Orléans

Louis XV

King of France
(1715–1774)

Louis I

King of Spain
(1724)

Ferdinand VI

King of Spain
(1746–1759)

Charles III

King of Spain
(1759–1788)

Philip

Duke of Parma
(1748–1765)

Louis Philippe I
Duke of Orléans

Louis
Dauphin of France

Charles IV

King of Spain
(1788–1808)

Ferdinand

Duke of Parma
(1765–1802)

Louis Philippe II
(Philippe Égalité)
Duke of Orléans

Louis XVI

King of France
(1774–1791)

King of the French
(1791–1792)
Titular King of France
(1792–1793)

Louis XVIII

Titular King of France
(1795–1804)
Legitimist pretender
(1804–1814)

King of France
(1814–1824)

Charles X

King of France
(1824–1830)
Legitimist pretender
(1830–1836)

Ferdinand VII

King of Spain
(1808; 1813–1833)

Francisco de Paula

Carlos
Count of Molina Carlos V

Carlist pretender
(1833–1845)

Louis I

King of Etruria
(1801–1803)

Louis-Philippe I

King of the French
(1830–1848)
Orléanist pretender
(1848–1850)

Louis
Dauphin of France

as Louis XVII

Titular King of France
(1793–1795)

Louis-Antoine
Duke of Angoulême Dauphin of France

as Louis XIX

Legitimist pretender
(1836–1844)

Charles Ferdinand
Duke of Berry

Isabella II

Queen of Spain
(1833–1868)

Francis
Duke of Cádiz
King consort of Spain

Carlos
Count of Montemolin Carlos VI

Carlist pretender
(1845–1861)

Juan
Count of Montizón Juan III

Carlist pretender
(1861–1868)

as Jean III

Legitimist pretender
(1883–1887)

Louis II

King of Etruria
(1803–1807) Charles I

Duke of Lucca
(1824–1847) Charles II

Duke of Parma
(1847–1849)

Ferdinand Philippe
Duke of Orléans

Henri
Count of Chambord

as Henri V

Legitimist pretender
(1844–1883)

Alfonso XII

King of Spain
(1874–1885)

Carlos
Duke of Madrid Carlos VII

Carlist pretender
(1868–1909)

as Charles XI

Legitimist pretender
(1887–1909)

Alfonso Carlos
Duke of San Jaime Alfonso Carlos I

Carlist pretender
(1931–1936)

as Charles XII

Legitimist pretender
(1931–1936)

Charles III

Duke of Parma
(1849–1854)

Philippe
Count of Paris

as Philippe VII

Orléanist pretender
(1850–1894)

Robert
Duke of Chartres

Alfonso XIII

King of Spain
(1886–1931)

as Alphonse I

Legitimist pretender
(1936–1941)

Jaime
Duke of Madrid Jaime III

Carlist pretender
(1909–1931)

as Jacques I

Legitimist pretender
(1909–1931)

Robert I

Duke of Parma
(1854–1859)

Philippe
Duke of Orléans

as Philippe VIII

Orléanist pretender
(1894–1926)

Jean
Duke of Guise

as Jean III

Orléanist pretender
(1926–1940)

Jaime
Duke of Segovia Jaime IV

Carlist pretender
(1941–1969)

as Jacques II or
Henri VI

Legitimist pretender
(1941–1975)

Juan
Count of Barcelona

Xavier
Duke of Parma

Carlist regent
(1936–1952) Javier I

Carlist pretender
(1952–1977)

Felix
Prince of Luxembourg

Henri
Count of Paris

as Henri VI

Orléanist pretender
(1940–1999)

Alfonso
Duke of Anjou and Cádiz

as Alphonse II

Legitimist pretender
(1975–1989)

Juan Carlos I

King of Spain
(1975–2014)

Carlos Hugo
Duke of Parma Carlos Hugo I

Carlist pretender
(1977–1979)

Sixtus Henry
Prince of Parma Enrique V

Carlist pretender
(1979–present)

Jean

Grand Duke of Luxembourg
(1964–2000)

Henri
Count of Paris
Duke of France

as Henri VII

Orléanist pretender
(1999–2019)

Louis
Duke of Anjou

as Louis XX

Legitimist pretender
(1989–present)

Felipe VI

King of Spain
(2014–present)

Carlos
Duke of Parma Carlos Xavier II

Carlist pretender
(2011–present)

Henri

Grand Duke of Luxembourg
(2000–present)

Jean
Count of Paris

as Jean IV

Orléanist pretender
(2019–present)

Louis
Duke of Burgundy
Dauphin of France

Leonor
Princess of Asturias

Carlos
Prince of Piacenza

Guillaume
Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Gaston
Count of Clermont

Cadet branches

House of Bourbon-Conti

The House of Bourbon-Conti was formed in 1581 by François de Bourbon, prince de Conti. He was the son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé. The house became extinct in 1814 upon the death of Louis François II de Bourbon, prince de Conti.

The Princes of Conti were as follows:

1558–1614: marquis, then from 1581 onwards 1st prince François de Bourbon.

At his death, the title became extinct because the prince died without issue. The title was assumed in 1629 by:

1629–1666: 2nd prince Armand de Bourbon-Conti
1666–1685: 3rd prince Louis Armand I de Bourbon-Conti
1685–1709: 4th prince Francis Louis de Bourbon-Conti
1709–1727: 5th prince Louis Armand II de Bourbon-Conti
1727–1776: 6th prince Louis Francis I de Bourbon-Conti
1776–1814: 7th prince Louis Francis II de Bourbon-Conti

House of Bourbon-Soissons

The first prince de Conti was also the brother of the founder of the House of Bourbon-Soissons, Charles de Bourbon-Soissons. The comtes de Soissons were addressed at court as Monsieur le Comte and their wives as Madame la Comtesse. The members of the house were:

1487–1495: François de Bourbon-Vendôme (1470–1495);
1495–1537: Charles de Bourbon-Vendôme (1489–1537), comte (jure matris), son of the preceding;
1547–1557: Jean de Bourbon-Soissons (1528–1557), son of the preceding;
1557–1569: Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé (1535–1569), brother of the preceding;
1569–1612: Charles de Bourbon, comte de Soissons (1566–1612), son of the preceding;
1612–1641: Louis de Bourbon, comte de Soissons (1604–1641), son of the preceding;
1641–1656: Marie de Bourbon-Soissons (1606–1692), sister of the preceding.

The line started in 1566 when the title of Count of Soissons was given to Charles de Bourbon-Condé, the second son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, the first Prince of Condé. The Soissons title had been acquired by the first Prince of Condé in 1557 and was held by his descendants for two more generations with Charles de Bourbon-Condé, 1st comte de Soissons, and Louis de Bourbon-Condé, 2nd comte de Soissons.

The 2nd comte de Soissons died without an heir, so the Soissons estates passed to his younger sister, Marie de Bourbon-Condé, the wife of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, a younger brother of the sovereign Duke of Savoy. Although she received 400,000 livres in annual revenues from the Soissons estates, lived in the Hôtel de Soissons where, according to Saint-Simon, she "maintained the traditions of the Soissons", she continued to be known as the princesse de Carignan.^[4] On her death, the Soissons countship passed first to her second son, Prince Joseph-Emmanuel of Savoy-Carignano (1631–1656), and then to her third son, Prince Eugène-Maurice of Savoy-Carignano. He married Olympia Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarin. She was known as Madame la Comtesse de Soissons.^[5] On his death, the title went to his eldest son, Prince Louis Thomas of Savoy-Carignano, who was the older brother of the famous Austrian general, Prince Eugene of Savoy. The Soissons countship became extinct upon the death of Prince Eugène-Jean-François of Savoy-Carignano in 1734.

Princes of Condé

First creation: 1546–1830 – House of Bourbon

Name	Lifespan	Parents
Louis I de Bourbon 1546–1569	May 7, 1530 – March 13, 1569	Charles de Bourbon-La Marche Françoise d'Alençon
Henri I de Bourbon 1569–1588	December 29, 1552 – March 5, 1588	Louis I de Bourbon Eléanor de Roucy de Roye
Henry II de Bourbon 1588–1646	September 1, 1588 – December 26, 1646	Henri I de Bourbon Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille
Louis II de Bourbon 1646–1686	September 8, 1621 – November 11, 1686	Henry II de Bourbon Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency
Henri Jules de Bourbon 1686–1709	July 29, 1643 – April 1, 1709	Louis II de Bourbon Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé
Louis III de Bourbon 1709–1710	November 10, 1668 – March 4, 1710	Henri Jules de Bourbon Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Louis Henri de Bourbon 1710–1740	August 18, 1692 – January 27, 1740	Louis III de Bourbon Louise-Françoise de Bourbon
Louis Joseph de Bourbon 1740–1818	August 9, 1736 – May 13, 1818	Louis Henri de Bourbon Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg
Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon 1818–1830	April 13, 1756 – August 30, 1830	Louis Joseph de Bourbon Charlotte Élisabeth Godefride de Rohan daughter of Charles de Rohan

Second creation: 1845 –1866 – House of Orléans

Name	Portrait	Lifespan	Parents
Louis d'Orléans		November 15, 1845 – May 24, 1866	Henri d'Orleans, Duke of Aumale Princess Maria Carolina Augusta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

Styles of address

The eldest sons of the Princes of Condé used the title of Duke of Enghien and were addressed as Monsieur le Duc until that style came to be pre-empted by their fathers, as Dukes of Bourbon, after 1709. The Princes of Condé were also the male-line ancestors of the branches of the Princes of Conti (which flourished 1629–1814) and the Counts of Soissons (1566–1641).

Although both the sons and daughters of these branches of the House of Bourbon held the rank of princes et princesses du sang, it never became the custom in France for them to use prince or princess as a prefix to their Christian names. Rather, sons took a title of French nobility (count or duke), suffixed with their appanage (e.g. Count of Charolais), while unmarried daughters used one of their fathers' subsidiary properties to form a courtesy style (e.g. Mademoiselle de Clermont).

Family residences

The Hôtel de Condé became the Parisian base of the Condé family in 1610, in what is now the 6th district of Paris. In 1722, Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, wife of Louis III, Prince of Condé, started building the Palais Bourbon, which in 1764 became the Condé family's main Parisian residence. They sold the Hôtel de Condé to the King in 1770, and it was demolished around 1780 to be replaced by a new neighborhood around the theater that later became known as the Odéon. Another Parisian property, still known as the Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé (12 rue Monsieur), was built and inhabited between 1780 and 1789 by Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon-Condé.

The family had several residences outside Paris – the Château de Condé in Condé-en-Brie, Picardy, which they ceased to own by 1624; the Château de Vallery, built from 1548 for the Marshal of Saint André, acquired by Louis I de Bourbon-Condé in 1564 and kept by the family until 1747; and the Château de Chantilly, previously a Montmorency property from 1484 to 1632 and a Condé estate afterward. The latter was the home of the Grand Condé during his exile from court, and the host château of a party given in honour of King Louis XIV of France in 1671. It was confiscated during the French Revolution and eventually came into the possession of King Louis Philippe of France, who gave it to his youngest son, Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale.

Notes

^ The Bourbons were, themselves, descended from the Capetian dynasty

References

^ Velde, François. "A list of French Princes and Principalities". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
^ Barko, Ivan (December 2003). "'Le petit Condé: the death in Sydney in 1866 of Australia's first royal visitor". Explorations - Journal of French-Australian Connections (35): 26–32. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24.
^ "Jeanne de Chatillon".
^ Spanheim, Ézéchiel (1973). Emile Bourgeois (ed.). Relation de la Cour de France. le Temps retrouvé (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. pp. 99–100, 107, 323, 329.
^ Nancy Mitford, The Sun King, 1966, p.87