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Piadina romagnola (Italian:[pjaˈdiːna]) or simply piadina, traditionally piada (Italian:[ˈpjaːda]), is a thin Italianflatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region (Forlì, Cesena, Ravenna, and Rimini). It is usually made with white flour, lard or olive oil, salt, and water. The dough was traditionally cooked on a terracotta dish (called teggia or testo in Romagnol), although nowadays flat pans or electric griddles are commonly used.
Since Ancient Rome flatbreads like this were used, the first mention of the piadina was in 1317,[2] in the Descriptio provinciæ Romandiolæ, when papal legateAngel de Grimoard describes it's recipe: "It's made with grain wheat mixed with water and seasoned with salt. It can also be made with milk and seasoned with a bit of lard".
Ancient versions of the piadina were made with poorer kinds of wheat, such as ones made with chestnut or acorns, especially in mountainous areas
Etymology
The etymology of the word piadina is uncertain; many think the term piada (piê, pièda, pìda) was borrowed from the Greek word for 'focaccia'. Others think the term was borrowed from other languages because of the large use of similar foods throughout the Eastern Roman Empire. The term piada was officialized by Giovanni Pascoli, who adapted the Romagnol word piè into its more Italian form.[3] Romagna was heavily influenced by Byzantium during the early Middle Ages, when the Eastern Empire reconquered parts of the Western domain which had fallen to the invading barbarians. In those days Ravenna was the capital city of the Exarchate, and that would explain how the Greco-Byzantine recipe entered the local gastronomy.
Piadine are usually sold immediately after preparation in specialised kiosks (called piadinerie), filled with a variety of cheeses, cold cuts and vegetables, but also with sweet fillings, including jam or Nutella. There may be small differences depending on the zone of production. Piadine produced around Ravenna and Forlì are generally thicker, while those produced around Rimini and the Marche region are thinner and the diameter is greater.
