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Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide
Names
	IUPAC name (1R)-1,4-Anhydro-1-(N2-formylglycinamido)-D-ribitol 5-(dihydrogen phosphate)
	Systematic IUPAC name [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-Formamidoacetamido)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
	Other names Formylglycinamide ribonucleotide,; Formylglycinamide ribotide,; FGAR
Identifiers
CAS Number	349-34-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	115687 ;
MeSH	Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide
PubChem CID	130805;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00956376 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H15N2O9P/c11-3-9-1-5(12)10-8-7(14)6(13)4(19-8)2-18-20(15,16)17/h3-4,6-8,13-14H,1-2H2,(H,9,11)(H,10,12)(H2,15,16,17)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1 Key: VDXLUNDMVKSKHO-XVFCMESISA-N ;
	SMILES C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)NC(=O)CNC=O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C8H15N2O9P
Molar mass	314.187 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (or FormylGlycinAmideRibotide, FGAR) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA.^[1]^[2] The vitamins thiamine^[3] and cobalamin^[4] also contain fragments derived from FGAR.^[5]

FGAR is formed when the enzyme phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase adds a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR) in reaction EC 2.1.2.2:^[6]

GAR + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate → FGAR + tetrahydrofolate

The biosynthesis pathway next converts FGAR to an amidine by the action of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3), transferring an amino group from glutamine and giving 5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (FGAM) in a reaction that also requires ATP:^[6]

FGAR + ATP + glutamine + H₂O → FGAM + ADP + glutamate + Pi

References

^ R. Caspi (2009-01-13). "Pathway: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis I". MetaCyc Metabolic Pathway Database. Retrieved 2022-02-02.
^ Gupta, Rani; Gupta, Namita (2021). "Nucleotide Biosynthesis and Regulation". Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism. pp. 525–554. doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0723-3_19. ISBN 978-981-16-0722-6. S2CID 234897784.
^ Chatterjee, Abhishek; Hazra, Amrita B.; Abdelwahed, Sameh; Hilmey, David G.; Begley, Tadhg P. (2010). "A "Radical Dance" in Thiamin Biosynthesis: Mechanistic Analysis of the Bacterial Hydroxymethylpyrimidine Phosphate Synthase". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (46): 8653–8656. doi:10.1002/anie.201003419. PMC 3147014. PMID 20886485.
^ R. Caspi (2019-09-23). "Pathway: 5-hydroxybenzimidazole biosynthesis (anaerobic)". MetaCyc Metabolic Pathway Database. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
^ Mehta, Angad P.; Abdelwahed, Sameh H.; Fenwick, Michael K.; Hazra, Amrita B.; Taga, Michiko E.; Zhang, Yang; Ealick, Steven E.; Begley, Tadhg P. (2015). "Anaerobic 5-Hydroxybenzimidazole Formation from Aminoimidazole Ribotide: An Unanticipated Intersection of Thiamin and Vitamin B12 Biosynthesis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (33): 10444–10447. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b03576. PMC 4753784. PMID 26237670.
^ ^a ^b Welin, Martin; Grossmann, Jörg Günter; Flodin, Susanne; Nyman, Tomas; Stenmark, Pål; Trésaugues, Lionel; Kotenyova, Tetyana; Johansson, Ida; Nordlund, Pär; Lehtiö, Lari (2010). "Structural studies of tri-functional human GART". Nucleic Acids Research. 38 (20): 7308–7319. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq595. PMC 2978367. PMID 20631005.