De Villiers was born in Boulogne in the department of Vendée, Western France,[2] the second of five children and eldest son of Jacques Le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon (born in Nancy, 14 November 1913) and his wife Edwige d'Arexy (born in Nantes, 1 July 1925). His paternal grandfather, Louis Le Jolis de Villiers, born at Brucheville on 17 October 1874, was killed in action in World War I at Saint-Paul-en-Forêt on 10 September 1914. On 24 October 1904, he had married Jeanne de Saintignon (27 July 1880 – 25 August 1959), by whom he had five children, the youngest of whom was Philippe's father, Jacques.
De Villiers received a master's degree in Law in 1971, graduated from the Paris Institute of Political Studies in 1973 and from the École nationale d'administration in 1978.[2] After his studies, De Villiers became a successful entrepreneur.[4] He created the Puy du Fou, one of the most visited theme parks in France, as a living showcase for its history.[4] The theme park includes a replica medieval city with the 'Gallo-Roman Stadium', a colosseum designed by De Villiers to stoke patriotic feeling by recreating Gallic rebellions against Imperial Rome.[4] The Puy du Fou park received awards from the Themed Entertainment Association in 2012, 2016, 2017 and 2019.[5]
He is married to Dominique du Buor de Villeneuve, born in Valenciennes on 4 October 1950 and has seven children: Caroline (born in Montaigu, 12 August 1976), Guillaume (born in La Roche-sur-Yon, 14 December 1977), Nicolas (born in La Roche-sur-Yon, 10 September 1979), Marie (born in Nantes, 5 October 1981), Laurent (born in La Roche-sur-Yon, 8 April 1984), Bérengère (born in La Roche-sur-Yon, 1 October 1988) and Blanche (born in Cholet, 21 June 1993).
Career
1995 presidential bid
From 1976 to 1978, De Villiers served as a senior civil servant in the Chirac administration.[8] In 1981, he resigned his post as subprefect because he did not want to serve the government of the SocialistPresidentFrançois Mitterrand[9].[citation needed] In 1986 and 1987, he briefly served as Secretary of State for Culture (Secrétaire d'État auprès du Ministre de la Culture) in the second government of Jacques Chirac, under Minister François Léotard. His appointment was initially viewed badly by Libération and several other press agencies, which referred to his "ambiguous personality". However, Villiers supported Leotard's mixed, non-ideological policy towards French culture.[10]
De Villiers led an anti-European integration list in 1994 receiving about 12 percent of the votes, placing it in third place behind the Gaullists and the Socialists.[8] Villiers centered the campaign on opposition to the European Union along with a call to eliminate corruption in government.[11] In November 1994, Villers left the Republican Party to form Movement for France. He ran for President of France in 1995 and received about 5 percent of the vote.[8]
De Villiers ran for the French presidency in 2007, and based his campaign on his opposition to what he sees as the rampant Islamisation of France. In May 2006, polls showed that he had garnered the support of about 4% of the electorate, almost twice as high as he actually polled in the first round of the presidential election. An "Ifop-Paris-Match" poll conducted on 12 October 2006 gave him his highest ever popularity rating, with 37% saying they "have an excellent or good opinion" of Villiers, and 28% saying they could vote for him in 2007.[citation needed] This was not borne out in the results of the first round of voting, with him receiving less than 3% of the popular vote.
De Villiers is known for his criticism of Islamin France. He has stated, "I am the only politician who tells the French the truth about the Islamisation of France" and, "I do not think Islam is compatible with the French Republic". He advocates ending all construction of mosques, banning all Islamist organisations suspected of links to terrorism, and expelling extremist individuals from France.[14][15][16][17]
De Villiers published Les mosquées de Roissy: nouvelles révélations sur l'islamisation en France (The Mosques of Roissy: New Revelations about Islamization in France) in 2006. In it he alleged, using internal documents from whistleblowers, that the Muslim Brotherhood had infiltrated security personnel at Charles de Gaulle Airport near Paris. The book led to revocation of seventy-two employees' security clearances and closure of six makeshift Muslim prayer rooms.[18][19]
He advocates cutting taxes, expelling all illegal immigrants, and preventing Turkey from joining the EU.[16] He is a vocal critic of the European Union's relationship with France, accusing it of "destroying their jobs, their security and their identity" and saying that "the Europe of Brussels is an anti-democratic dictatorship".[4] He was a leader of the side advocating a 'No' vote in the 2005 French referendum of the European Constitution.[20] The 'No' side won the vote, which the activists believed constituted a major victory for Euroscepticism in France.[20] Villiers then launched a campaign to restore the franc, remarking that "Everybody notes today that the adoption of the euro was a technical success but its economic, political and human toll is incontestable."[20]
Villiers opposes immigration into France in general, but he has advocated that "individual cases be treated with the greatest humanity." He also opposes expelling current immigrants residing in France or subjecting them to discrimination in housing, employment, or other spheres. Despite their differences on these and other issues, the National Front's Jean Marie Le Pen has remarked that Villiers' ideas were "lifted" from him and that their "votes should be added together".[8]
Villiers coined the phrase "Polish Plumber" in a June 2005 political speech about the Bolkestein directive, referring to the perceived threat of cheap East European labour to French wages.[22] The mythical figure became a central point of debate in France, and it later prompted an international controversy.[22] He has also referred to the "Latvian mason" and the "Estonian gardener."[22]
De Villiers gathers his support from practising Roman Catholics, artisans, retired people, farmers and small business owners.[8]
Offices held
Governmental function
Secretary of State for Communication: 1986–1987.
Electoral mandates
European Parliament
Member of European Parliament: 1994-1997 (Resignation, reelected in the parliamentary elections in 1997) / July–December 1999 (Resignation) / 2004-2018. Elected in 1994, reelected in 1999, 2004, 2009.
National Assembly of France
Member of the National Assembly of France for Vendée: 1987-1994 (Became member of European Parliament in 1994) / 1997-2004 (Became member of European Parliament in 2004). Elected in 1987, reelected in 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002.
General Council
President of the General Council of Vendée: 1988-2010 (Resignation). Reelected in 1992, 1994, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2008.
General councillor of Vendée: 1987-2010 (Resignation). Reelected in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008.
Political function
President of the Movement for France: 1994-1999 / 2000-2018 (party dissolved).
de Villiers, Philippe (1989). Lettre ouverte aux coupeurs de têtes et aux menteurs du bicentenaire. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226037688. OCLC21162937.
de Villiers, Philippe (1994). La société de connivence : ou comment faire avaler des serpents à sonnette. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226069184. OCLC463896420.
de Villiers, Philippe (1996). Dictionnaire du politiquement correct à la française. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226085559. OCLC35365534.
de Villiers, Philippe; Chamard, Michel (2001). L'aventure du Puy-du-Fou : entretiens avec Michel Chamard. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226125927. OCLC466988772.
de Villiers, Philippe (2001). Vous avez aimé les farines animales, vous adorerez l'euro. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226128065. OCLC48773417.
de Villiers, Philippe (2003). La 51ème étoile du drapeau américain. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226142115. OCLC53330108.
de Villiers, Philippe (2004). Quand les abeilles meurent, les jours de l'homme sont comptés : un scandale d'Etat. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226142108. OCLC417647739.
de Villiers, Philippe (2005). Les turqueries du grand Mamamouchi. Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN9782226157027. OCLC57464937.
