Ouachita Mountains

Ouachita Mountains
The Ouachita Mountains near Caney Creek, Arkansas
Highest point
PeakMount Magazine
Elevation2,753 ft (839 m)
Coordinates35°10′01″N 93°38′41″W / 35.167016203°N 93.644725919°W / 35.167016203; -93.644725919
Naming
EtymologyChoctaw for "large bison"[1] or "big hunt",[1] or Caddo[2]
Geography
Level III ecoregions in the region, with the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion marked as (36) (full map)
CountryUnited States
State(s)Arkansas and Oklahoma
Parent rangeU.S. Interior Highlands
Borders onArkansas Valley (37), Mississippi Alluvial Plain (73), South Central Plains (35)

The Ouachita Mountains (/ˈwɒʃɪtɔː/), simply referred to as the Ouachitas, are a mountain range in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. They are formed by a thick succession of highly deformed Paleozoic strata constituting the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt, one of the important orogenic belts of North America.[3] The Ouachitas continue in the subsurface to the northeast, where they make a poorly understood connection with the Appalachians and to the southwest, where they join with the Marathon uplift area of West Texas.[3] Together with the Ozark Plateaus, the Ouachitas form the U.S. Interior Highlands.[4] The highest natural point is Mount Magazine at 2,753 feet (839 m).[2][5]

The Ouachita Mountains is a Level III ecoregion designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The region has been subdivided into six Level IV ecoregions.[6][7]

Etymology

Louis R. Harlan claimed that "Ouachita" is composed of the Choctaw words ouac for "bison" and chito for "large", together meaning "country of large bison". At one time, herds of bison inhabited the lowland areas of the Ouachitas.[8] Historian Muriel H. Wright wrote that "Ouachita" is composed of the Choctaw words owa for "hunt" and chito for "big", together meaning "big hunt far from home".[1] According to the article Ouachita in the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, "Ouachita" comes from the French spelling of the Caddo word washita, meaning "good hunting grounds".[2]

Geography

Ouachita Flora
The Ouachita National Forest during the fall
A map of the Ouachita mountains within the states of Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Topographic map of the Ouachita Mountains

The Ouachitas are a major physiographic province of Arkansas and Oklahoma and are generally grouped with the Arkansas River Valley. Together with the Ozark Plateaus, the Ouachitas form the U.S. Interior Highlands, one of few mountainous regions between the Appalachians and Rockies.[4]

Flora

The Ouachitas are dominated by pine, oak, and hickory.[9] The shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) and post oak (Quercus stellata) thrive in dry, nutrient-poor soil and are common in upland areas. The maple-leaf oak (Quercus acerifolia) is found at only four sites worldwide, all of which are in the Ouachitas.[9] Some native tree species, such as the eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana), are colonizers of human-disturbed sites.[9]

The Ouachita National Forest covers approximately 1.8 million acres of the Ouachitas.[10] It is one of the largest and oldest national forests in the Southern U.S., created through an executive order by President Theodore Roosevelt on December 18, 1907.[10] There are six wilderness areas within the Ouachita National Forest, which are protected areas designed to minimize the impacts of human activities.[11]

Several plants are endemic to the Ouachitas, including: Agalinis nuttallii, Cardamine angustata var. ouachitana, Carex latebracteata, Galium arkansanum var. pubifolium, Houstonia ouachitana, Hydrophyllum brownei, Liatris compacta, Quercus acerifolia, Polymnia cossatotensis, Solidago ouachitensis, Spiranthes niklasii (near endemic, also found on Crowley's Ridge), Streptanthus maculatus subsp. obtusifolius, Streptanthus squamiformis, Valerianella palmerii, and Vernonia lettermanii.[12]

Fauna

Bison and elk once found habitat in the Ouachita Mountains, but have since been extirpated. Today, there are large populations of white-tailed deer, coyote, and other common temperate forest animals. Though elusive, hundreds of black bear roam the Ouachitas. Several cryptic species of salamander are endemic to the Ouachitas and have traits that vary from one locale to another.[13]

Subranges

Athens Plateau

The Athens Plateau or Athens Piedmont (EPA Level IV ecoregion 36a) consists of a series of low relief ridges, none exceeding 1,000 feet (300 m). It is located south of the Ouachitas and extends to the Arkansas-Oklahoma border. The Athens Piedmont runs from Arkadelphia, Arkansas into Oklahoma through Clark, Howard, Pike, and Sevier counties in Arkansas and McCurtain County in Oklahoma. The ecoregion's low ridges and hills are widely underlain by Mississippian Stanley Shale in contrast to other parts of the Ouachitas.[7] Today, pine plantations are widespread; they are far more extensive than in the more rugged parts of the Arkansas Ouachitas. Pastureland and hayland also occur. Cattle and broiler chickens are important farm products.[6]

The Caddo, Cossatot, and Missouri mountains are a high, compact group of mountains composed of the weather-resistant Arkansas Novaculite. They are located primarily in Montgomery and Polk counties, Arkansas. The highest natural point is Raspberry Mountain at 2,358 feet (719 m). The headwaters of multiple rivers are found in this area, including the Caddo, Cossatot, and Little Missouri rivers.

The Cross Mountains are located in Polk and Sevier counties, Arkansas and McCurtain County, Oklahoma. The highest natural point is Whiskey Peak at 1,670 feet (510 m).

The Crystal Mountains are located primarily in Montgomery County, Arkansas. They are so named because of the occurrence of some of the world's finest quartz. The Crystal Mountains are generally taller than the nearby Zig Zag Mountains, achieving elevations over 1,800 feet (550 m).

Fourche Mountains

The Fourche Mountains (EPA Level IV ecoregion 36d) are a long, continuous chain of east-west mountains composed of the weather-resistant Jackfork Sandstone. They extend from Pulaski County, Arkansas to Atoka County, Oklahoma and are home to several popular sites of interest, including Pinnacle Mountain State Park near Little Rock, Arkansas. The highest natural point is Rich Mountain at 2,681 feet (817 m), which intersects the Arkansas-Oklahoma border near Mena, Arkansas.

Fourche Mountain salamander

The Fourche Mountains are the archetypal Ouachita Mountains. Forested ridges are heavily forested with oak–hickory–pine forest; intervening valleys are cut into shale. Ridges are longer, habitat continuity is greater, the lithologic mosaic is different, and the topographic orientation is more consistent than in other parts of the Ouachitas. Differences in moisture and temperature between north- and south-facing slopes significantly influence native plant communities; they are products of the prevailing topographic trend.[6] Forests on steep, north-facing slopes are more mesic than on southern aspects; the steepest, south-facing slopes contain shallow, moisture deficient soils supporting shrubs and rocky glades or grassy woodlands.[7] Pastureland and hayland are restricted to a few broad valleys. Logging is not nearly as intensive as in the commercial pine plantations of the less rugged Athens Plateau. Nutrient, mineral, and biochemical water quality parameter concentrations are low in the surface waters of the Fourche range, but turbidity can be higher than in other mountainous parts of the Ouachitas.[6] Although most streams stop flowing during the driest part of the summer, enduring deep pools, high quality habitat, and good water quality allow sensitive aquatic species to survive through the summer.[7] They are the only home and namesake of the Fourche Mountain salamander.

The Fourche Mountains form a major watershed divide between the Arkansas River Basin to the north and the Red River Basin to the south.

The Frontal Ouachita Mountains are located in the Arkansas River Valley and feature a number of isolated landforms. The highest natural point is Mount Magazine at 2,753 feet (839 m), which is also the highest natural point of the Ouachitas and U.S. Interior Highlands. The Frontal Ouachita Mountains are structurally quite different from the rest of the Ouachitas and are sometimes considered a separate range.

The Trap Mountains are located primarily in Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas. The highest natural point is Trap Mountain at 1,310 feet (400 m).

The Zig Zag Mountains are located in Garland County, Arkansas, and are home to the thermal springs of Hot Springs National Park. They are so named because of their unique chevron shape when viewed from above, the result of plunging anticlines and synclines. The Zig Zag Mountains are not exceptionally tall, but do reach heights over 1,400 feet (430 m).

Geology

Vertical strata in the eastern Ouachitas
Cluster of Arkansas quartz crystals from the Ouachita Mountains

The Ouachitas are formed by a thick succession of highly deformed Paleozoic strata constituting the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt, which crops out for approximately 220 miles (350 km) in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma.[3] In a general sense, the Ouachitas are considered an anticlinorium because the oldest known rocks are located towards the center of the outcrop area.[14] The Ouachitas continue in the subsurface to the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama and Mississippi where they plunge towards the Appalachian Mountains.[15] To the southwest, the Ouachitas join with the Marathon area of west Texas where rocks of the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt are briefly exposed.[3]

Unlike many ranges in the United States, the Ouachitas are mostly east-west trending. They are unique because metamorphism and volcanism, features that are common in orogenic belts, are notably absent (with the exception of some low-grade metamorphism). Due to the high degree of folding and faulting, the Ouachitas are clustered into distinct subranges, with ridges separated by relatively broad valleys.

The Ouachitas are known for some of the world's finest quartz, especially around Mount Ida, Arkansas, the quartz capital of the world.[16] The quartz formed after the Ouachita Orogeny when fractures in rocks filled with silica-saturated fluids and, over millions of years, precipitated crystals up to several feet in length. The Ouachitas are also known for novaculite, a variety of chert that has undergone low-grade metamorphism; particular grades found only in Arkansas are used for making whetstones.

History

Cambrian through Mississippian strata of the Ouachitas were deposited in a narrow, two-sided basin called the Ouachita Trough, which formed as part of a Cambrian failed rift system.[3][17] Succeeding Pennsylvanian strata of the Ouachitas were deposited in a foreland basin during the early stages of the Ouachita Orogeny.[18] Subduction of the South American Plate beneath the North American Plate resulted in this mountain-building event.[19] Compressional forces caused the crust to buckle, producing complex folds at all scale levels and several overturned sequences.[14] The area of greatest deformation occurred in the Benton-Broken Bow Uplift, which extends from Benton, Arkansas to Broken Bow, Oklahoma.[3] The total height of the Ouachitas is not known, though they may have exceeded 10,000 feet (3,000 m) (based loosely on geologic cross-sections).[14] The terrain has been deeply eroded since the late Paleozoic.[3]

Stratigraphy

The Ouachitas are composed of Cambrian through Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks. The Collier Shale, located at the core of the Benton-Broken Bow Uplift, is the oldest exposed formation of the Ouachitas. The Atoka Formation, which was deposited much later during the Pennsylvanian, has the largest areal extent of any of the Paleozoic formations in Arkansas.[14] The geologic formations of the Ouachitas are as follows (in order of ascending age).

Formation Period Approximate thickness
Collier Shale Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician 1,000 feet (300 m)
Crystal Mountain Sandstone Early Ordovician 850 feet (260 m)
Mazarn Shale Early Ordovician 2,500 feet (760 m)
Blakely Sandstone Middle Ordovician 700 feet (210 m)
Womble Shale Middle Ordovician 1,200 feet (370 m)
Bigfork Chert Middle and Late Ordovician 750 feet (230 m)
Polk Creek Shale Late Ordovician 225 feet (69 m)
Blaylock Sandstone Silurian 1,200 feet (370 m)
Missouri Mountain Shale Silurian 300 feet (91 m)
Arkansas Novaculite Devonian and Early Mississippian 900 feet (270 m)
Stanley Shale Mississippian 10,000 feet (3,000 m)
Jackfork Sandstone Early Pennsylvanian 6,000 feet (1,800 m)
Johns Valley Shale Early Pennsylvanian 1,500 feet (460 m)
Atoka Formation Early and Middle Pennsylvanian 25,000 feet (7,600 m)
Hartshorne Sandstone Middle Pennsylvanian 300 feet (91 m)
McAlester Formation Middle Pennsylvanian 2,300 feet (700 m)
Savanna Formation Middle Pennsylvanian 1,600 feet (490 m)
Boggy Formation Middle Pennsylvanian 1,100 feet (340 m)

History

The mountains were home to the Ouachita tribe, for which they were named. Later French explorers translated the name to its present spelling. The first recorded exploration was in 1541 by Hernando de Soto. Later, in 1804, President Jefferson sent William Dunbar and Dr. George Hunter to the area after the Louisiana Purchase. Hot Springs National Park became one of the nation's first parks in 1832. The Battle of Devil's Backbone was fought here at the ridge of the same name in 1863. In August 1990, the U.S. Forest Service discontinued clearcutting as the primary tool for harvesting and regenerating short leaf, pine and hardwood forests in the Ouachita National Forest.

Tourism

The Ouachita Mountains contain the Ouachita National Forest, Hot Springs National Park and Lake Ouachita, as well as numerous state parks and scenic byways mostly throughout Arkansas. They also contain the Ouachita National Recreation Trail, a 223-mile-long (359 km) hiking trail through the heart of the mountains. The trail runs from Talimena State Park in Oklahoma to Pinnacle Mountain State Park near Little Rock. It is a well maintained, premier trail for hikers, backpackers, and mountain bikers (for only selected parts of the trail).

The Talimena Scenic Drive begins at Mena, and traverses 54 miles (87 km) of Winding Stair and Rich Mountains, long narrow east-west ridges which extend into Oklahoma. Rich Mountain reaches an elevation of 2,681 feet (817 m) in Arkansas near the Oklahoma border. The two lane winding road is similar in routing, construction, and scenery to the Blue Ridge Parkway of the Appalachian Mountains.[20]

Sites of interest

The South Fourche La Fave River, Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas

References

  1. ^ a b c Wright, M.H. (1929). "Some Geographic Names of French Origin in Oklahoma". Chronicles of Oklahoma. 7 (2): 188–193.
  2. ^ a b c Cole, S.R.; Marston, R.A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Morris, R.C. (1974). "Sedimentary and Tectonic History of the Ouachita Mountains". Special Publications of SEPM. 22: 120–142.
  4. ^ a b "A Tapestry of Time and Terrain". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
  5. ^ "MAG". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  6. ^ a b c d Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Woods, A.J.; Foti, T.L.; Chapman, S.S.; Omernik, J.M.; et al. Ecoregions of Arkansas (PDF). United States Geological Survey. (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs).
  7. ^ a b c d Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Woods, A.J.; Omernik, J.M.; Butler, D.R.; Ford, J.G.; et al. Ecoregions of Oklahoma (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 14, 2020. (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs).
  8. ^ Harlan, L.R. (1834). "Notice of Fossil Bones Found in the Tertiary Formation of the State of Louisiana". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 397–403. doi:10.2307/1004838. JSTOR 1004838.
  9. ^ a b c "Trees". Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Ouachita National Forest". Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  11. ^ "Wilderness Areas (Ouachita National Forest)" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  12. ^ Zollner, Douglas; MacRoberts, Michael H.; MacRoberts, Barbara R.; Ladd, Douglas (2005). "Endemic Vascular Plants of the Interior Highlands, U.s.a". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 21 (3): 1781–1791. ISSN 0036-1488. JSTOR 41968453.
  13. ^ Shepard, Donald B.; Irwin, Kelly J.; Burbrink, Frank T. (December 2011). "Morphological Differentiation in Ouachita Mountain Endemic Salamanders". Herpetologica. 67 (4): 355–368. doi:10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00023.1. ISSN 0018-0831. S2CID 84672236.
  14. ^ a b c d "Stratigraphic Summary of the Arkansas River Valley and Ouachita Mountains". Arkansas Geological Survey. Archived from the original on May 29, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  15. ^ Mellen, F.F. (1947). "Black Warrior Basin, Alabama and Mississippi". AAPG Bulletin. 31 (10): 1801–1816. doi:10.1306/3d933a55-16b1-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
  16. ^ "Quartz Crystals". Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  17. ^ Lowe, D.R. (1985). "Ouachita Trough: Part of a Cambrian Failed Rift System". Geology. 13 (11): 790–793. Bibcode:1985Geo....13..790L. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<790:otpoac>2.0.co;2.
  18. ^ Shanmugam, G.; Moiola, R.J. (1995). "Reinterpretation of Depositional Processes in a Classic Flysch Sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma". AAPG Bulletin. 79 (5): 672–695. doi:10.1306/8d2b1b6a-171e-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
  19. ^ Hatcher, R.D. Jr.; Thomas, W.A.; Viele, G.W., eds. (1989). The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States (Geology of North America). Colorado: Geological Society of America.
  20. ^ http://www.trais.com/tcatalog_trail.aspx?trailid=XFA101-040 Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 Mar 2011

Further reading

Read other articles:

NGC 532MASS image of NGC 53 and nearby starsData pengamatan (2000.0 epos)Rasi bintangTucana [1]Asensio rekta 00j 14m 41.8d [1]Deklinasi -60° 19′ 39″Pergeseran merah0.015237 ± 0.000087[2]Kecepatan radial helio4570 km/sJarak200,000,000ly[3] (65,000,000 Parsecs)[4]Magnitudo semu (V)13.50 [5]Ciri-ciriJenis(R)SB(r)ab [3]Ukuran120,000[3]Ukuran semu (V)1.698′ × 1.047′ [6]Penamaa...

 

 

Pho Khun Ban MuangPenguasa Kedua SukhothaiRaja SukhothaiBerkuasa?-1279/80 MPendahuluSri IndradityaPenerusRam KhamhaengInformasi pribadiKelahiran?Kematian1279/80 MWangsaDinasti Phra RuangAyahPho Khun Sri IndradityaIbuRatu SueangAnakNguanamthom Pho Khun Ban Muang (Thai: พ่อขุนบานเมืองcode: th is deprecated ) adalah Raja Sukhothai (1257–1277). Ia didahului oleh Pho Khun Sri Indraditya dan digantikan oleh Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng. Sang Raja berasal dari dinasti Phra Ru...

 

 

Gereja di Sankt-Peterburg Eparki Sankt-Peterburg adalah sebuah eparki Gereja Ortodoks Rusia yang terletak di Sankt-Peterburg, Federasi Rusia. Eparki tersebut didirikan pada tahun 1742.[1] Referensi ^ http://patriarchia.ru/db/text/31525.html lbsKeuskupan Gereja Ortodoks RusiaPatriark MoskwaEparki di Rusia Abakan dan Khakassia Akhtubinsk Alapayevsk Alatyr Alexdanrov Almetyevsk Amur Anadyr Ardatov Arkhangelsk Armavir Arsenyev Astrakhan Balashov Barnaul Barysh Belgorod Belyov Bezhetsk Bir...

Political party in Mexico National Democratic Front Frente Democrático NacionalLeaderCuauhtémoc CárdenasFounded1988Dissolved1988Merger ofPMSPARMPFCRNPPSCoalición Obrera, Campesina y Estudiantil del IstmoUnión Popular Revolucionaria Emiliano ZapataCentral Campesina CardenistaCentral Independiente de Obreros Agrícolas y CampesinosAsamblea de Barrios de la Ciudad de MéxicoUnión de Colonias PopularesMerged intoParty of the Democratic RevolutionIdeologyDemocratic socialismLef...

 

 

العلاقات الزامبية الغينية زامبيا غينيا   زامبيا   غينيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الزامبية الغينية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين زامبيا وغينيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة زامبيا غي...

 

 

Institut Informatika dan Bisnis DarmajayaMotoDarmajaya The BestDidirikan5 Juni 1997KetuaDR. Andi Desfiandi, S.E., M.ARektorDR. (Can) Ir. H. Firmansyah Yunialfi Alfian, MBA., MScJumlah mahasiswa> 5.658 MahasiswaLokasiBandar Lampung, Lampung, IndonesiaWarnaBiru DongkerSitus webhttp://www.darmajaya.ac.id Institut Informatika dan Bisnis Darmajaya (disingkat IIB Darmajaya) merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta yang ada di Kota Bandar Lampung, Provinsi Lampung. Nama DARMAJAYA, merupakan a...

Voci principali: Storia dell'antico Yemen, Regno di Saba. Regno di Sheba (senape) nel III secolo d.C. I Sabei (in arabo السَّبَئِيون/السَّبأيون‎?, al-Saba’iyyūn/al-Sabā'yyūn, o in ebraico סבאים‎?, Saba'im) furono un antico popolo parlante una lingua sudarabica, fiorito nel II millennio a.C. nel sud della penisola Arabica (attuale Yemen). Il loro regno di Saba (in arabo سَبأ‎?, Sabāʾ, e (in ebraico סבא‎?, Sab...

 

 

American judge Arthur Daniel HealeyDemocratic United States RepresentativeJudge of the United States District Court for the District of MassachusettsIn officeDecember 19, 1941 – September 16, 1948Appointed byFranklin D. RooseveltPreceded byElisha Hume BrewsterSucceeded byWilliam T. McCarthyMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Massachusetts's 8th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1933 – August 3, 1942Preceded byFrederick W. DallingerSucceeded byAngier Goodw...

 

 

On Your Wedding DayPoster teatrikalNama lainHangul너의 결혼식 Alih Aksara yang DisempurnakanNeoui Gyeolhonsik SutradaraLee Seok-geunProduserCha Sang-minDitulis olehLee Seok-geunPemeranPark Bo-youngKim Young-kwangPenata musikLee Jin-heeSinematograferLee Seong-jaePenyuntingLee Gang-heePerusahaanproduksiFilmmaker R & K[1]DistributorMegabox Plus MOpus PicturesTanggal rilis 22 Agustus 2018 (2018-08-22) Durasi110 menitNegaraKorea SelatanBahasaKoreaPendapatankotorUS...

Puteri Indonesia FavoritLogo Puteri IndonesiaPembuatMooryati SoedibyoNegara asalIndonesiaRilis asliRilis1992 –Sekarang Puteri Indonesia Favorit adalah gelar atribut pagi peserta kontes Puteri Indonesia yang diadakan sejak tahun penyelenggaraan 1992. Pemenang dipilih oleh polling melalui pesan singkat Daftar pemenang Andina Agustina dari Aceh, Puteri Indonesia Favorit tahun 2004. Tahun Nama Daerah asal Posisi pada Puteri Indonesia 1992 Charlotte Rowiena Umboh  Sulawesi Utara Peser...

 

 

Voce principale: Aurora Pro Patria 1919. Pro Patria et Libertate Unione degli Sports BustesiStagione 1921-1922Sport calcio Squadra Pro Patria AllenatoreCommissione Tecnica Presidente Carlo Marcora Prima Categoria3º posto nel girone D lombardo. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: In 9 con 6 partite Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Miotti (3) StadioStadium di via Valle Olona 1920-1921 1922-1923 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa pagina raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti la Pro Patria ...

 

 

Ettore MajoranaPotret Ettore MajoranaLahir(1906-08-05)5 Agustus 1906CataniaMeninggalMenghilang sejak 1938; tampaknya masih hidup pada 1959[1]tidak diketahui Ettore Majorana (/maɪəˈrɑːnə/,[2] /ˌmædʒəˈrænə/,[butuh rujukan] bahasa Italia: [ˈɛttore majoˈraːna]; lahir pada 5 Agustus 1906 – diyakini wafat setelah 1959[1]) adalah seorang fisikawan teori asal Italia yang meneliti massa neutrino. Pada 25 Maret 1938, ia hilang dalam kea...

Voce principale: Hellas Verona Football Club. Associazione Calcio Hellas VeronaStagione 1964-1965 Sport calcio Squadra Verona Allenatore Giancarlo Cadè Presidente Saverio Garonzi Serie B11º Coppa ItaliaPrimo turno Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Cappellino (38)Totale: Cappellino (39) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Joan (8)Totale: Joan (8) StadioMarcantonio Bentegodi 1963-1964 1965-1966 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti l'Associazione C...

 

 

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Leine (disambigua). LeineIl corso del Leine a Sarstedt-RutheStato Germania Länder Turingia Bassa Sassonia Lunghezza281 km Portata media5,3 m³/s Bacino idrografico6 512 km² Altitudine sorgente340 m s.l.m. Sfocianel fiume Aller presso Schwarmstedt Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il corso del Leine Il Leine (in tedesco [ˈlaɪnə]ⓘ) è un fiume tedesco che scorre nei Länder della Turingia e della Ba...

 

 

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

2016 Indian filmChennai 600028 IIPromotional posterDirected byVenkat PrabhuWritten byVenkat Prabhu(Dialogues)K. ChandruEzhilarasu Gunasekaran(Additional Dialogues)Screenplay byVenkat PrabhuStory byVenkat PrabhuBased onCharactersby Venkat PrabhuProduced byS. P. B. CharanV. RajalakshmiVenkat PrabhuStarringJaiShiva VaibhavPremjiAravind AkashInigo PrabakaranNithin SathyaVijay VasanthAjay RajMahat RaghavendraNarrated byVenkat PrabhuCinematographyRajesh YadavEdited byPraveen K. L.Music byOriginal ...

 

 

2012 studio album by FourplayEsprit De FourStudio album by FourplayReleasedSeptember 18, 2012 (2012-09-18)Studio Glenwood Place Studios (Burbank, California) KFP Studios (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) Landmark Studios (Yokohama, Japan) GenreJazzLength54:56LabelHeads UpProducer Fourplay (Tracks 1-9) Bob James and Atsuko Yashima (Track 10) Fourplay chronology Let's Touch the Sky(2010) Esprit De Four(2012) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1] Esprit ...

 

 

 烏克蘭總理Прем'єр-міністр України烏克蘭國徽現任杰尼斯·什米加尔自2020年3月4日任命者烏克蘭總統任期總統任命首任維托爾德·福金设立1991年11月后继职位無网站www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/(英文) 乌克兰 乌克兰政府与政治系列条目 宪法 政府 总统 弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基 總統辦公室 国家安全与国防事务委员会 总统代表(英语:Representatives of the President of Ukraine) 总...

This article's factual accuracy is disputed. The listed grosses are incomplete figures, resulting in incorrect rankings. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) See also: List of highest-grossing animated films Animated feature films By decade 1917–1969Before 1940 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s1980 1981 1...

 

 

Art museum in New York City Not to be confused with the Museum of Modern Art. The Metropolitan Museum of ArtEntrance façades to The Met Fifth Avenue and The CloistersEstablishedApril 13, 1870; 154 years ago (April 13, 1870)[2][3][4]Location1000 Fifth Avenue (The Met Fifth Avenue)99 Margaret Corbin Drive (The Cloisters)New York City, U.S.Coordinates40°46′46″N 73°57′47″W / 40.7794°N 73.9631°W / 40.7794; -73.9631TypeArt mu...