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NAPA
Identifiers
Aliases	NAPA, SNSF attachment protein alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 603215; MGI: 104563; HomoloGene: 2839; GeneCards: NAPA; OMA:NAPA - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	47,515,091 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	16,117,975 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; primary visual cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; prefrontal cortex; ; right frontal lobe; ; Brodmann area 9; ; right adrenal cortex; ; left adrenal cortex; ; Pituitary Gland; ; anterior cingulate cortex;
	Top expressed in
	dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; neural layer of retina; ; primary visual cortex; ; motor neuron; ; muscle of thigh; ; cerebellar cortex; ; CA3 field; ; yolk sac; ; lip;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	soluble NSF attachment protein activity; protein binding; syntaxin binding; SNARE binding; protein-containing complex binding;
Cellular component	cytosol; membrane; vacuolar membrane; myelin sheath; terminal bouton; SNARE complex; synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex; extracellular exosome; Golgi membrane; plasma membrane; presynapse; postsynapse; glutamatergic synapse;
Biological process	SNARE complex disassembly; synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; membrane fusion; endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; brain development; COPII vesicle coating; apical protein localization; neuron differentiation; protein transport; intracellular protein transport; intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; vesicle-mediated transport; regulation of synaptic vesicle priming; retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum; positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity; transport; synaptic vesicle priming; protein-containing complex disassembly;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8775
	108124
	ENSG00000105402
	ENSMUSG00000006024
	P54920
	Q9DB05
	NM_003827
	NM_025898
	NP_003818
	NP_080174
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Alpha, also known as SNAP-α, is a SNAP protein that is involved in the intra-cellular trafficking and fusing of vesicles to target membranes in cells.^[5]

Function

The 'SNARE hypothesis' is a model explaining the process of docking and fusion of vesicles to their target membranes. According to this model, membrane proteins from the vesicle (v-SNAREs) and proteins from the target membrane (t-SNAREs) govern the specificity of vesicle targeting and docking through mutual recognition. Once the 2 classes of SNAREs bind to each other, they form a complex that recruits the general elements of the fusion apparatus, namely NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) and SNAPs (soluble NSF-attachment proteins), to the site of membrane fusion, thereby forming the 20S fusion complex. Alpha- and gamma-SNAP are found in a wide range of tissues and act synergistically in intra-Golgi transport. The sequence of the predicted 295-amino acid human protein encoded by NAPA shares 37%, 60%, and 67% identity with the sequences of yeast, Drosophila, and squid alpha-SNAP, respectively. Platelets contain some of the same proteins, including NSF, p115/TAP, alpha-SNAP (this protein), gamma-SNAP, and the t-SNAREs syntaxin-2 and syntaxin-4, that are used in many vesicular transport processes in other cell types. Platelet exocytosis uses a molecular mechanism similar to that used by other secretory cells, such as neurons, although the proteins used by the platelet and their modes of regulation may be quite different.^{[citation needed]}

Clinical significance

NAPA is abnormally expressed in fetuses of both IVF and ICSI, which may contribute to the increased risk of birth defects in these methods of assisted reproductive technology (ART).^[6]