Muhammad Shaybani

Not to be confused with Muhammad al-Shaybani.
Muhammad Shaybani
محمد شیبانی
Portrait by Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād (c. 1507)
Khan of the Uzbek Khanate
Reign1500–2 December 1510
PredecessorSheikh Haidar (as Uzbek Khan)
SuccessorJan Wafa Mirza
Born1451
Central Asia
Died2 December 1510 (aged 58–59)
Merv, present-day Turkmenistan
SpouseMihr Nigar Khanum
Khanzada Begum
Aisha Sultan Khanum
Zuhra Begi Agha
Khanzada Khanum
IssueMuhammad Temur Sultan
Khurram Shah Sultan
Muhammad Rahim Sultan
Names
Abu'I-Fath Muhammad Shaybani Khan bin Shahbudak Sultan
HouseBorjigin
DynastyShaybanids
FatherShah-Budag
MotherAq Quzi Begum
ReligionSunni Islam

Muhammad Shaybani Khan (Chagatai and Persian: محمد شیبانی; c. 1451 – 2 December 1510)[a] was an Uzbek leader who consolidated various Uzbek tribes and laid the foundations for their ascendance in Transoxiana and the establishment of the Khanate of Bukhara. He was a Shaybanid or descendant of Shiban (or Shayban), the fifth son of Jochi, Genghis Khan's eldest son. He was the son of Shah-Budag, thus a grandson of the Uzbek conqueror Abu'l-Khayr Khan.[1]

Biography

The ruler of the Uzbek ulus Abu'l-Khayr Khan (1428-1468) had eleven sons, one of whom was Budaq Sultan, the father of Shaybani Khan. Shaybani Khan's mother's name was Aq Quzi Begum. Through his mother, Muhammad Shaybani was therefore the cousin of Janibek's son Kasym Khan, the latter of whom ultimately conquered most of Shaybani's territory to expand the Kazakh Khanate.[2]

According to the historian Kamal ad-Din Binai, Budaq Sultan named his eldest son as Sultan Muhammad Shaybani, and gave him the nickname Shibägh "Wormood".[3]

According to sources, the genealogy of Shaybani Khan is as follows: Abu'l-Fath Muhammad Khan Shaybani, known under the name of Shakhibek Khan, son of Sultan Budaq, son of Abu'l-Khayr Khan, son of Daulat Shaikh-oglan, son of Ibrahim-oglan, son of Fulad-oglan, son of Munk Timur Khan, son of Abdal-oglan, son of Jochi-Buk Khan, son of Yis-Buk, son of Baniyal-Bahadur, son of Shiban, son of Jochi Khan, son of Genghis Khan.[4]

IIn the Selected Chronicles from the "Book of Victories" (Chagatay: تواریخ گزیده نصرت‌نامه, romanized: Tavārīkh-i Guzīda-yi Nuṣratnāma[5]), it is noted that the wife of the ancestor of Shaybani Khan, Munk Timur, was the daughter of Jandibek, who was a descendant of Ismail Samani.[6]

Shaybani's father Budaq Sultan was an educated person on whose order extensive translations of Persian works into the Turkic languages were accomplished.[7] Shaybani himself was fluent in both Persian and Turkic.[8]

Rise to power

Shaybani was initially an Uzbek warrior leading a contingent of 3,000 men in the army of the Timurid ruler of Samarkand, Sultan Ahmed Mirza under the Amir, Abdul Ali Tarkhan. However, when Ahmed Mirza went to war against Sultan Mahmud Khan, the Khan of Moghulistan, to reclaim Tashkent from him, Shaybani secretly met the Moghul Khan and agreed to betray and plunder Ahmed's army. This happened in the Battle of the Chirciq River in 1488 CE, resulting in a decisive victory for Moghulistan. Sultan Mahmud Khan gave Turkistan[9] to Shaybani as a reward. Here, however, Shaybani oppressed the local Kazakhs, resulting in a war between Moghulistan and the Kazakh Khanate. Moghulistan was defeated in this war, but Shaybani gained power among the Uzbeks. He decided to conquer Samarkand and Bukhara from Ahmed Mirza. Sultan Mahmud's subordinate emirs convinced him to aid Shaybani in doing so, and together they marched on Samarkand.[10]

Foundation of Shaybanid Dynasty

Chor-Bakr memorial complex, built under Muhammad Shaybani circa 1510, Bukhara

Continuing the policies of his grandfather, Abu'l-Khayr Khan, Shaybani ousted the Timurids from their capital Samarkand in 1500. He fought successful campaigns against the Timurid leader Babur, founder of the Mogul Empire.[11] In 1501 he recaptured Samarkand and in 1507 also took Herat, the southern capital of the Timurids. Shaybani conquered Bukhara in 1501 and established the Shaybanid Dynasty of the Khanate of Bukhara. In 1508–09, he carried out many raids northward, pillaging the land of the Kazakh Khanate. However, his armies suffered a major defeat from Kazakhs under Kasym Khan in 1510.

One day Shaybani visited Sheikh Mansour and he (Mansour) said to him: "I look at you, Uzbek, and I see that you desire to become a sovereign!". And then he ordered food to be served. When everything was eaten and the tablecloth was removed, Sheikh Mansour said: "As a tablecloth is collected from the edges, so you should start from the periphery of the state (kingdom)." Shaybani took this very unambiguous advice from his new mentor into account and eventually conquered the Timurid state.

Sultanov T. I., Genghis Khan and Genghisids. - Moscow, 2006. p.139

Foreign policy

Shaybani Khan maintained ties with Ottoman Empire and Ming China. In 1503, his ambassadors arrived at the court of the Ming emperor.[12] Aligning with the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512), Shaybani Khan opposed the Shia Safavid Shah Ismail I.[13]

Religious policy

Shaybani Khan did not make any distinction between Iranians and Turks based on ethnicity, but followed the hadith of Muhammad: "All Muslims are brothers".[14]

One of the authoritative religious figures, a native of Yemen, Emir Sayyid Shams ad-Din Abdallah al-Arabi al-Yamani al Khadramauti (known as Mir-i Arab), enjoyed the patronage of Shaybani Khan, and constantly took part in the meetings of the divan (court) and accompanied the Khan in his campaigns.[15]

Shayibani Khan wrote a prose essay called the Risale-yi maarif-i Shayibani in the Chagatai language in 1507 shortly after his capture of Khorasan and is dedicated to his son, Muhammad Timur (the manuscript is kept in Istanbul).[16]

The manuscript of his philosophical and religious work: "Bahr ul-Khudo", written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language in 1508 is located in London.[17]

Later years

The last years of Shaybani Khan were not easy. In the spring of 1509, his mother died. After her funeral in Samarkand, he went to Qarshi, where he held a meeting with relatives and allowed them to disperse to their uluses (small countries). Ubaydullah's nephew went to Bukhara, Muhammad Temur to Samarkand, and Hamza Sultan to Gissar. Shaybani Khan went to Merv (now Mary, Turkmenistan) with a small detachment.[18]

Death

Main article: Battle of Merv
The battle between Ismail I and Muhammad Shaybani in 1510.

In 1510, Shaybani Khan was in Herat. At this time, Ismail I, the Safavid emperor, having learned about the failures of Shaybani Khan and angered by his staunch support of Sunni Islam, moved against the Uzbeks and invaded western Khorasan, rapidly advancing towards Herat.

Shaybani Khan did not have a strong army at his disposal. During the military campaign against the Hazaras, he lost most of his cavalry.[19] The main army was stationed in Transoxiana, so he, having consulted with his emirs, hastened to hide behind the walls of Merv. Safavid troops captured Astrabad, Mashhad, and Sarakhs. All Shaybani's emirs who were in Khorasan, including Jan Wafa, fled from the Qizilbash soldiers of Safavid Iran and arrived to Merv. Shaybani Khan sent a messenger to Ubaydullah Khan of the Khanate of Bukhara and the Timurids for help. Meanwhile, Ismail surrounded Merv and besieged the city for a whole month, but to no avail. Therefore, to lure the khan out of the city, he resorted to a feigned retreat.

According to some sources, one of the wives of Muhammad Shaybani Khan, Aisha Sultan Khanum, better known as Moghul Khanum, enjoyed great influence on her husband and his court. The sources say that at the Kengesh (council of the Khan), the question arose whether or not to come out of Merv and fight the retreating troops of Shah Ismail. The emirs of Shaybani Khan suggested waiting two or three days until the auxiliary forces arrived from Transoxiana. Mogul Khanum, who took part in the military council, said to the Khan: “And you are afraid of the Qizilbash! If you are afraid, I will take the troops myself and lead them. Now is the right moment, there will be no such moment again." After these words of Mogul Khanum, everyone seemed to be ashamed, and the Khan's troops went into battle, which resulted in their complete defeat and the death of Shaybani Khan.[20]

In the Battle of Marv (1510), Muhammad Shaybani was defeated and killed when trying to escape. Shaybani Khan's army was surrounded by Ismail's 17,000-strong army and was defeated after fierce resistance. The remnants of the army ended up dying under enemy arrows.[21][22][23]

At the time of Shaybani's death, the Uzbeks controlled all of Transoxiana, the area between the Syr Darya and Amu Darya. After capturing Samarkand from Babur, Shaybani had married Babur's sister, Khanzada Begum. Babur's liberty to leave Samarkand was made contingent upon his assent to this alliance. After Shaybani's death, Ismail I gave liberty to Khanzada Begum with her son and, at Babur's request, sent them to his court. For this reason, Shaybani was succeeded not by a son but by an uncle, a cousin, and a brother whose descendants would rule Bukhara until 1598 and Khwarezm (later named Khiva) until 1687.

The accounts of Babur, i.e. the Baburnama, state that Emperor Ismail beheaded Shaybani and had his skull turned into a bejewelled skull cup[24] which was drunk from when entertaining;[11] he later sent the cup to Babur as a goodwill gesture. The rest of Shaybani's body parts were either sent to various areas of the empire for display[11] or put on a spike at the main gate of Samarkand.[25]

Personality

Shaybani Khan was fond of history in his youth. In 1475, he was specially presented with a book about the life of Alexander the Great imported from the Ottoman Empire: the 1194 Alexander Romance of Nizami Ganjavi.[26] The medieval author Nisari recognized Shaybani Khan as a scholar of the Quran.[27]

The manuscript of his philosophical and religious work Bahru’l-Huda, written in the Central Asian literary language Chaghatai in 1508, is in London.[28] Shaybani Khan used various works on theology when writing his essay. It contains his views on religious issues. The author presents his idea of the basics of Islam: repentance for sins, showing mercy, and others. Shaybani Khan shows excellent knowledge of the rituals and daily duties of devout Muslims.[29]

Family

Consorts

Shaybani had five consorts:

Sons

He had three sons:

Notes

  1. ^ Also known as Abul-Fath Shaybani Khan, Shayabak Khan, Shahi Beg Khan (originally named "Shibägh", which means "wormwood" or "obsidian").

References

  1. ^ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 33. 1880. p. 365.
  2. ^ Kamal-ad-Din Binai, Shaybaninameh (in Russian)
  3. ^ Materials on the history of the Khazakh khans of XV—XVIII centuries. (Extracts from the Persian and Turkic writings). Almaty (Nur-Sultan); "Nauka" publishing house; 1969; p.97
  4. ^ Materials on the history of the Khazakh khans of XV—XVIII centuries. (Extracts from the Persian and Turkic writings). Almaty (Nur-Sultan); "Nauka" publishing house; 1969; p.390
  5. ^ Comstock-Skipp, J. K. (2022-10-18). Scions of Turan: Illustrated epic manuscripts of the 16th-century Abū'l-Khairid Uzbeks and their cross-dynastic exchanges. Leiden University Scholarly Publications.
  6. ^ Materials on the history of the Khazakh khans of XV—XVIII centuries. (Extracts from the Persian and Turkic writings). Almaty (Nur-Sultan); "Nauka" publishing house; 1969; p.35
  7. ^ History of Kazakhstan in Persian sources. T.5. Almaty: Dyke Press; 2007. p.376
  8. ^ Sela, Ron (2022). "The "Sultans of the Turks"". In Tasar, Eren; Frank, Allen J; Eden, Jeff (eds.). From the Khan's Oven. Leiden & Boston: Brill. p. 95.
  9. ^ This probably means Turkestan (city). Needs check and clarification.
  10. ^ Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat. Tarikh-i-Rashidi, 1546.
  11. ^ a b c Holden, Edward S. (2004). The Mogul Emperors of Hindustan (1398-1707 A.D). New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. pp. 74–76. ISBN 81-206-1883-1.
  12. ^ Chinese documents and materials on the history of East Turkestan, Central Asia and Kazakhstan of the XIV-XIX centuries. Almaty, 1994, p. 52
  13. ^ Peter B. Golden. "Central Asia in World History", Oxford University Press, 2011. p.107
  14. ^ Semenov, A.A. On the Origin and Composition of the Uzbeks od Shaybani Khan; Materials on the History of the Tajiks and Uzbeks of Central Asia; 1st ed., 1954, p.70
  15. ^ Fazlallah ibn Ruzbihan Isfahani. Mikhman-nameyi Bukhoro ("Notes of a Bukhara's guest"). Translated by Jalilova, R.P. "Nauka"; 1976. pp.78-79
  16. ^ Bodrogligeti A.J.E. Muḥammad Shaybānī Khan’s Apology to the Muslim Clergy // Archivum Ottomanicum. 1994a. Vol. 13. (1993/1994), р.98
  17. ^ A.J.E.Bodrogligeti, «Muhammad Shaybanî’s Bahru’l-huda : An Early Sixteenth Century Didactic Qasida in Chagatay», Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, vol.54 (1982), p. 1 and n.4
  18. ^ Ahmedov, B. Uzbek ulusi (The Uzbek ulus). Т.; 1992. p.144
  19. ^ Materials on the History of Turkmens and Turkmenia. Т. 2; М.; L., 1938. p.44
  20. ^ Turkmenistan and Turkmens in the late 15th-first half of the 16th century, according to "Alam Ara-i Safavi". Ashgabat. Ylym. 1981, pp.101-103
  21. ^ Mukminova R. G. The Shaybanids in History of civilizations of Central Asia. Volume V. / Editors Chahryar Adle and Irfan Habib. Co-editor Karl M. Baypakov. — UNESCO publishers, 2003. — P. 36.
  22. ^ The Cambridge history of Inner Asia. / Edited by Nicola di Cosmo, Allen J. Frank and Peter B. Golden. — Cambridge University Press, 2009. — P. 292.
  23. ^ Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103876-1.
  24. ^ Morgan, David (19 September 2014). Medieval Persia 1040-1797. Routledge. ISBN 9781317871392. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  25. ^ Abraham Eraly (17 September 2007). Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls. Penguin Books Limited. p. 25. ISBN 978-93-5118-093-7.
  26. ^ Allworth E., The modern Uzbeks. from the fourteenth century to the present. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press,1990,p.53-54
  27. ^ Allworth E., The modern Uzbeks. from the fourteenth century to the present. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press,1990,p.52
  28. ^ A.J.E.Bodrogligeti, «Muḥammad Shaybānī’s Bahru’l-huda: An Early Sixteenth Century Didactic Qasida in Chagatay», Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, vol.54 (1982), p.1
  29. ^ Bodrogligeti A. J. E. Muhammed Shaybânî’s «Bahru’l- Hudâ»: An Early Sixteenth Century Didactic Qasida in Chagatay // Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher. 1982. Vol. 54. p.2
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama). Royal Asiatic Society. pp. 211–212, 223–24 250–251, 264, 289, 297.
  31. ^ Babur, Emperor; Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1922). The Baburnam in English (Memoirs of Babur) – Volume 1. Luzac & Co., London. pp. 329 n. 1.
  32. ^ Subtelny, Maria (August 30, 2007). Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran. BRILL. pp. 252. ISBN 978-9-047-42160-3.
  33. ^ Balabanlilar, Lisa (January 15, 2012). Imperial Identity in Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic politics in Early Modern Central Asia. I. B. Tauris. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-848-85726-1.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhammad Shaybani.
Regnal titles
Preceded by Khan of the Uzbeks
Khanate of Bukhara
1500–1510 		Succeeded by

Read other articles:

Kuntul perak

Kuntul perak Status konservasi Risiko Rendah (IUCN 3.1) Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Aves Ordo: Pelecaniformes Famili: Ardeidae Genus: Mesophoyx Spesies: M. intermedia Nama binomial Mesophoyx intermedia(Wagler, 1827) Sinonim Ardea intermediaEgretta intermedia Kuntul perak adalah burung yang penetap. Dia adalah burung dari genus Mesophyx. Karakter Tubuh berukuran besar (69 cm).Ukurannya di antara Kuntul besar dan Kuntul kecil.Ciri utamanya adalah...

 

Eris (planet katai)

Eris beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Eris (disambiguasi). Eris Eris (Tengah) and Dysnomia (kiri dari tengah).Teleskop luar angkasa Hubble.PenemuanDitemukan olehM. E. Brown,C. A. Trujillo,D. L. Rabinowitz[1]Tanggal penemuan21 Oktober 2003[1]PenamaanPenamaan MPC136199 ErisPenamaan alternatif2003 UB313[2]Kategori planet minorPlanet katai,TNO,plutoid, dan SDO[3]Kata sifat bahasa InggrisEridianCiri-ciri orbitEpos 6 Maret, ...

 

Riolle

la Riolle Caractéristiques Longueur 11,4 km Bassin collecteur Loire Régime pluvial Cours · Localisation La Chapelle-Blanche-Saint-Martin · Altitude 116 m · Coordonnées 47° 06′ 51″ N, 0° 46′ 02″ E Confluence la Ligoire · Localisation Bournan · Altitude 61 m · Coordonnées 47° 03′ 01″ N, 0° 41′ 54″ E Géographie Pays traversés France Département Indre-et-Loire Régions traversées Centre-V...

2011–12 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team

American college basketball season 2011–12 Memphis Tigers men's basketballC-USA Regular Season & tournament championsNCAA tournament, Round of 64ConferenceConference USARecord26–9 (13–3 C-USA)Head coachJosh Pastner (3rd year)Assistant coaches Damon Stoudamire Jack Murphy Luke Walton /Jimmy Williams Home arenaFedExForumSeasons← 2010–112012–13 → 2011–12 Conference USA men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   PCT W   ...

 

Armend Alimi

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori macedoni è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Armend Alimi Nazionalità  Macedonia del Nord Altezza 180 cm Peso 74 kg Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Squadra Besa Dobri Dol Carriera Giovanili 2003-2005 Baškimi Squadre di club1 2005-2008 Baškimi46 (9)2008-2009 Milano Kumanovo34 (10)2009-2011 Istria 196160 (4)2012 Örebro17 (0)2...

 

Szentendre Island

Szentendre IslandNative name: Szentendrei-szigetThe north end of Szentendre Island is visible on the left of this aerial view of the Danube BendSzentendre IslandGeographyLocationDanube RiverCoordinates47°44′50″N 19°06′32″E / 47.74722°N 19.10889°E / 47.74722; 19.10889AdministrationHungary Szentendre Island (Hungarian: Szentendrei-sziget) is an island in the Danube River between the Danube Bend and Budapest in Hungary. The island is flanked by the Szentendre ...

Steve Irwin

Stephen Robert IrwinIrwin di Australia Zoo pada tahun 2005Lahir(1962-02-22)22 Februari 1962Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria, AustraliaMeninggal4 September 2006(2006-09-04) (umur 44)Batt Reef, Queensland, AustraliaSebab meninggalCedera ikan pari pada jantungPekerjaanNaturalis, zoologis, konservasionis, tokoh televisi, herpetologisSuami/istriTerri Irwin ​(m. 1992)​AnakBindi IrwinRobert IrwinOrang tuaBob IrwinLyn HakainssonSitus webwww.australiazoo.com.au St...

 

Carlos Tayag

Filipino Benedictine deacon and activist In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Nuqui and the surname or paternal family name is Tayag. Carlos TayagO.S.B.Detail of the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, showing names from the first batch of Bantayog Honorees, including that of Carlos Tayag.PersonalBorn(1942-08-24)August 24, 1942Angeles, Pampanga, Commonwealth of the PhilippinesDiedAugust 17, 1976 (aged 33)Quezon City, PhilippinesCause...

 

Serie A 2016-2017 (calcio femminile)

Serie A Femminile 2016-2017 Competizione Serie A femminile Sport Calcio Edizione 50ª Organizzatore Dipartimento Calcio Femminile Date dal 1º ottobre 2016al 13 maggio 2017 Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 12 Risultati Vincitore Fiorentina(1º titolo) Secondo Brescia Retrocessioni Como 2000LusernaChietiL.F. Jesina Statistiche Miglior marcatore Lana Clelland (23) Incontri disputati 132 Gol segnati 545 (4,13 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 2015-2016 2017-2018 Manua...

List of Lego films and TV series

For stop-motion films made using Lego bricks, see Brickfilm. For video games based on or are original Lego properties, see List of Lego video games. This article chronicles the history of the depiction of Lego building toys in media franchising with emphasis on film and television co-produced by owner The Lego Group. History Brickfilms (films using Lego) have existed since the 1970s. In 2003, Lego officially made its first partnership to make films based on its toy property. They chose Bioni...

 

هنود

هنودمعلومات عامةنسبة التسمية الهند التعداد الكليالتعداد قرابة 1.21 مليار[1][2]تعداد الهند عام 2011ق. 1.32 مليار[3]تقديرات عام 2017ق. 30.8 مليون[4]مناطق الوجود المميزةبلد الأصل الهند البلد الهند  الهند نيبال 4,000,000[5] الولايات المتحدة 3,982,398[6] الإمار...

 

Хип-хоп

Хип-хоп Направление популярная музыка Истоки фанкдискоэлектронная музыкадабритм-энд-блюзреггидэнсхоллджаз[1]чтение нараспев[англ.]исполнение поэзииустная поэзияозначиваниедюжины[англ.]гриотыскэтразговорный блюз Время и место возникновения Начало 1970-х, Бронкс, Н...

Megaflora

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Megaflora – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Megaflora (dari bahasa Yunani Kuno μέγας megas besar dan bahasa Latin flora tumbuh-tumbuhan) mengacu pada spesies tanaman yang sangat be...

 

Museo del Ferrocarril de Guatemala

Museo del Ferrocarril de Guatemala UbicaciónPaís Guatemala GuatemalaLocalidad Ciudad de GuatemalaDirección 9.ª Avenida 18-03, Zona 1Ciudad de GuatemalaTipo y coleccionesTipo PúblicoHistoria y gestiónCreación 2003Inauguración 8 de enero de 2004Información para visitantesHorario Martes a viernes de 9:00 a 16:00 horas. Sábados y domingos de 10:00 a 16:00 horas. Lunes cerrado.www.museofegua.com[editar datos en Wikidata] El Museo del Ferrocarril de Guatemala es una entidad...

 

Faustin Soulouque

President and emperor of Haiti (1782–1867) Faustin IEmperor of HaitiReign26 August 1849 – 15 January 1859[1]Coronation18 April 1852PredecessorHimself(as President of Haiti)SuccessorFabre Geffrard (as President of Haiti)7th President of HaitiIn office1 March 1847 – 26 August 1849PredecessorJean-Baptiste RichéSuccessorHimself(as Emperor of Haiti)Born(1782-08-15)15 August 1782Petit-Goâve, Saint-DomingueDied3 August 1867(1867-08-03) (aged 84)Anse-à-Veau, HaitiSpouse Adélina...

Herman Badillo

Puerto Rican politician Herman BadilloMember of theU.S. House of Representativesfrom New YorkIn officeJanuary 3, 1971 – December 31, 1977Preceded byJacob H. GilbertSucceeded byRobert GarciaConstituency22nd district (1971–1973)21st district (1973–1977)8th Borough President of The BronxIn officeDecember 28, 1965 – December 31, 1969Preceded byJoseph F. PericoniSucceeded byRobert Abrams Personal detailsBorn(1929-08-21)August 21, 1929Caguas, Puerto RicoDiedDecember 3, 201...

 

Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)

1984 single by Phil Collins For other uses, see Against All Odds (disambiguation) § Music. Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)Single by Phil Collinsfrom the album Against All Odds: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack B-sideThe SearchReleased February 1984 (US) 26 March 1984 (UK)[1] Recorded1983Genre Pop[2] soft rock[3] Length3:23LabelAtlanticSongwriter(s)Phil CollinsProducer(s)Arif MardinPhil Collins singles chronology Why Can't It Wait 'Til Mo...

 

Division 1 1971-1972

Division 1 1971-1972 Competizione Division 1 Sport Calcio Edizione 34ª Organizzatore LFP Date dall'11 agosto 1971al 27 maggio 1972 Luogo  Francia Partecipanti 20 Formula Girone unico Sito web lfp.fr Risultati Vincitore Olympique Marsiglia(4º titolo) Retrocessioni Lilla,Monaco,Angoulême Statistiche Miglior marcatore Josip Skoblar (30) Incontri disputati 380 Gol segnati 1 087 (2,86 per incontro) Pubblico 6 677 174 (17 572 per incontro) Cronologia della...

Manchester by the Sea

Manchester by the SeaPoster film Manchester by the SeaSutradaraKenneth LonerganProduserKimberly StewardLauren BeckMatt DamonChris MooreKevin J. WalshDitulis olehKenneth LonerganPemeranCasey AffleckMichelle WilliamsKyle ChandlerLucas HedgesGretchen MolPenata musikLesley BarberSinematograferJody Lee LipesPenyuntingJennifer LamePerusahaanproduksiK Period MediaB StoryCMPPearl Street FilmsDistributorRoadside AttractionsAmazon StudiosTanggal rilis 23 Januari 2016 (2016-01-23) (Festiv...

 

ضلع (تشريح)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ضلع (توضيح). ضلع (تشريح) الاسم العلميcosta أجزاء الضلع (وجه سفلي). تفاصيل نوع من عظم مسطح[1]،  وعظم طويل[2]،  وكيان تشريحي معين  [لغات أخرى]‏  ترمينولوجيا أناتوميكا 02.3.01.001 و A02.3.02.001   FMA 7574  UBERON ID 0002228  ن.ف.م.ط. A02.835.232.570.500  ن.ف.م.ط....