Molecular laser isotope separation

Molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS) is a method of isotope separation, where specially tuned lasers are used to separate isotopes of uranium using selective ionization of hyperfine transitions of uranium hexafluoride molecules. It is similar to AVLIS. Its main advantage over AVLIS is low energy consumption and use of uranium hexafluoride instead of vaporized uranium. MLIS was conceived in 1971 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

MLIS operates in cascade setup, like the gaseous diffusion process. Instead of vaporized uranium as in AVLIS the working medium of the MLIS is uranium hexafluoride which requires a much lower temperature to vaporize. The UF6 gas is mixed with a suitable carrier gas (a noble gas including some hydrogen) which allows the molecules to remain in the gaseous phase after being cooled by expansion through a supersonic de Laval nozzle. A scavenger gas (e.g. methane) is also included in the mixture to bind with the fluorine atoms after they are dissociated from the UF6 and inhibit their recombination with the enriched UF5 product.

In the first stage, the expanded and cooled stream of UF6 is irradiated with an infrared laser operating at the wavelength of 16 μm. The mix is then irradiated with another laser, either infrared or ultraviolet, whose photons are selectively absorbed by the excited 235UF6, causing its photolysis to 235UF5 and fluorine.[1] The resultant enriched UF5 forms a solid which is then separated from the gas by filtration or a cyclone separator. The precipitated UF5 is relatively enriched with 235UF5 and after conversion back to UF6 it is fed to the next stage of the cascade to be further enriched.

The laser for the excitation is usually a carbon dioxide laser with output wavelength shifted from 10.6 μm to 16 μm; the photolysis laser may be a XeCl excimer laser operating at 308 nm, however, infrared lasers are mostly used in existing implementations.[citation needed]

The process is complex: many mixed UFx compounds are formed which contaminate the product and are difficult to remove. The United States, France, United Kingdom, Germany and South Africa have reported the termination of their MLIS programs; however, Japan still has a small-scale program in operation.[citation needed]

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia has developed the SILEX pulsed laser separation process. GE, Cameco and Hitachi are currently involved in developing it for commercial use.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ Makarov, Grigorii N. (2015-07-01). "Low energy methods of molecular laser isotope separation". Physics-Uspekhi. 58 (7): 670–700. Bibcode:2015PhyU...58..670M. doi:10.3367/UFNe.0185.201507b.0717. ISSN 1063-7869. S2CID 118959387.

Read other articles:

Kanchi Singh

Kanchi SinghKanchi Singh pada 2019Lahir27 Maret 1996 (umur 27) [1]Mumbai,IndiaTempat tinggalMumbai, IndiaKebangsaanIndianPekerjaanaktrisTahun aktif2001-sekarang Kanchi Singh (lahir 27 Maret 1996) adalah seorang aktris televisi India.[2] Dia membuat debutnya sebagai artis anak di acara TV Kutumb. Dia memainkan peran utama Avni di Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (serial TV).[3][4][5] Dia saat ini terlihat di acara populer Star Plus Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai...

 

Phillis Wheatley

African-born American poet (1753–1784) Phillis WheatleyPortrait of Phillis Wheatley, attributed by some scholars to Scipio MoorheadBornc. 1753West AfricaDiedDecember 5, 1784(1784-12-05) (aged 31)Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.OccupationPoetLanguageEnglishPeriodAmerican RevolutionNotable worksPoems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773)SpouseJohn PetersChildrenUncertain. Up to three with none surviving past early childhood.[1] Phillis Wheatley Peters, also spelled Phyllis a...

 

Keuskupan Prizren–Prishtina

Keuskupan PrizrenDioecesis Prisrianensis e PristinensisAdministrata Apostolike e PrizrenitПризренска апостолска администратураKatolik Katedral Santa Bunda Teresa, PristinaLokasiWilayah Kosovo[a]Provinsi gerejawiSubyek langsung Takhta SuciStatistikLuas10.887 km2 (4.203 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2008)2.100.00065,000 (3.1%)InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaRitusRitus LatinPendirian24 Mei 2000KatedralKatedral Maria Bu...

Saint Omer (film)

2022 film by Alice Diop Saint OmerTheatrical release posterDirected byAlice DiopScreenplay by Alice Diop Amrita David Marie NDiaye Produced by Toufik Ayadi Christophe Barral Starring Kayije Kagame Guslagie Malanda Valérie Dréville Aurélia Petit Xavier Maly Robert Canterella Salimata Kamate Thomas de Pourquery CinematographyClaire MathonEdited byAmrita DavidMusic byThibault DeboaisneProductioncompanySrab FilmsDistributed byLes Films du losangeRelease dates 7 September 2022 (2...

 

الثورة الإنجليزية

جزء من سلسلة عنالثورات أنواع ملونة اشتراكية ديموقراطية سلمية دائمة سياسية اجتماعية موجة الطرق مقاطعة عصيان مدني حرب أهلية صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية انقلاب مظاهرات حرب عصابات عصيان مسلح مقاومة سلمية احتجاج تمرد إرهاب ثوري ساميزدات إضراب مقاومة ضريبية الأسباب سلطوية أوتوق...

 

4إكس

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في ال...

Genbun

Period of Japanese history (1736–1741) Part of a series on theHistory of JapanShōsōin ListPaleolithicbefore 14,000 BCJōmon14,000 – 1000 BCYayoi 1000 BC – 300 ADKofun 300 AD – 538 ADAsuka 538 – 710Nara 710 – 794HeianFormer Nine Years' WarLater Three-Year WarGenpei War 794–1185KamakuraJōkyū WarMongol invasionsGenkō WarKenmu Restoration 1185–1333MuromachiNanboku-chō periodSengoku period 1336–1573Azuchi–Momoyama Nanban tradeImjin WarBattl...

 

Unionism in Ireland

Political ideology: union with Britain This article is about political unionism. For trade unionism, see Irish Congress of Trade Unions. Not to be confused with United Ireland. Hazards of separation from Great Britain. Unionist postcard (1912) Unionism in Ireland is a political tradition that professes loyalty to the crown of the United Kingdom and to the union it represents with England, Scotland and Wales. The overwhelming sentiment of Ireland's Protestant minority, unionism mobilised in th...

 

Carcassonne

Letak Carcassonne di Prancis Carcassonne merupakan salah satu kota di Prancis. Letaknya di bagian selatan. Tepatnya di region Languedoc-Roussillon. Pada tahun 2006, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak 46.216 jiwa dengan memiliki luas wilayah 65,08 km². Kota ini memiliki kepadatan penduduk sebanyak 675 jiwa/km². Beberapa bangunan kuno di Carcassonne ditetapkan sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO pada 1996. Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Carcassonne. Situs r...

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、...

 

The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

2008 animated film The Little Mermaid: Ariel's BeginningDVD coverDirected byPeggy HolmesScreenplay by Robert Reece Evan Spiliotopoulos Story by Jule Selbo Jenny Wingfield Based on The Little Mermaidby Hans Christian Andersen Disney's The Little Mermaidby Walt Disney Animation Studios Disney's The Little Mermaidby Walt Disney Animation Japan and Walt Disney Television Produced byKendra HallandStarring Jodi Benson Samuel E. Wright Jim Cummings Sally Field Edited byJohn RoyerMusic byJames Dooley...

 

Paul Magloire

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Magloire. Paul Magloire Portrait officiel du président Paul Magloire. Fonctions Président de la République d'Haïti 6 décembre 1950 – 6 décembre 1956(6 ans) Élection 8 octobre 1950 Prédécesseur Franck Lavaud (intérim) Successeur Nemours Pierre-Louis Secrétaire d'Etat de l'Intérieur et de la Défense nationale 12 mai 1950 – 3 août 1950(2 mois et 22 jours) Président Franck Lavaud Prédécesseur Castel Démesmin Successeur Luc E....

Austen Chamberlain

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento politici britannici non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Sir Austen ChamberlainPortrait of The Rt. Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain di Philip de László, 1920 Cancelliere dello ScacchiereDurata mandato9 ottobre 1903 –4 dicembre 1905 Capo del gove...

 

Arthur C. Brooks

American author, public speaker, and academic This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Arthur C. Brooks – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Arthur C. BrooksBorn (1964-05-21) May 21, 1964 (age 60)Spokane, Washington, U.S.EducationCalifornia Institute of the ArtsThomas Edison...

 

Alfie Doughty

English footballer (born 1999) Alfie Doughty Personal informationFull name Alfie Henry Harman Doughty[1]Date of birth (1999-12-21) 21 December 1999 (age 24)[2]Place of birth London, EnglandHeight 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)Position(s) Full-back, wing-back, midfielderTeam informationCurrent team Luton TownNumber 45Youth career2007–2018 Charlton AthleticSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2018–2021 Charlton Athletic 36 (3)2018–2019 → Kingstonian (loan) 13 (3)20...

Mi'kmaq language

Eastern Algonquian language of Canada and the US Mi'kmaqMiꞌkmawiꞌsimkNative toCanada, United StatesRegionNova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Gaspé Peninsula, the island of Newfoundland, Anticosti Island, northern Maine, Boston, MassachusettsEthnicity168,420 Mi'kmaq (2016 census)Native speakers7,140, 4% of ethnic population (2016 census)[1][2]Language familyAlgic AlgonquianEastern AlgonquianMi'kmaqWriting systemLatin scriptGomgwejui'gasit (historica...

 

Maialen Chourraut

Spanish slalom canoeist In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Chourraut and the second or maternal family name is Yurramendi. Maialen ChourrautChourraut at the 2012 Summer OlympicsPersonal informationFull nameMaialen Chourraut YurramendiBorn (1983-03-08) 8 March 1983 (age 41)Lasarte-Oria, Basque Country, SpainHeight161 cm (5 ft 3 in)Weight55 kg (121 lb)SportCountrySpainSportCanoe slalomEventK1ClubClub Atlético San Sebastián Medal r...

 

Zheng Zhilong

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang pedagang/bajak laut/laksamana Tiongkok abad ke-17. Untuk pemain/pelatih/legislator basket Taiwan, lihat Cheng Chih-lung (pemain basket). Zheng Zhilong鄭芝龍Ilustrasi dari Zheng Zhilong dan putranya Koxinga Informasi pribadiLahir1604Meninggal1661 (umur 56–57)Beijing, Kekaisaran QingSebab kematianDekapitasiSuami/istriTagawa MatsuHubunganAyah: Zheng ShaozuIbu: Nyonya WangAnakZheng ChenggongTagawa ShichizaemonPangkat BangsawanEarl Nan'an→Mar...

汪舒凱

汪舒凱(Kat Walsh)維基媒體基金會第5任理事長任期2012年7月12日—2013年8月8日 前任陳霆继任揚-巴特·德·維立德 个人资料出生 (1982-10-16) 1982年10月16日（41歲） 美国纽约州纽约市居住地 美国加利福尼亞州舊金山灣區 汪舒凱（英語：Kat Walsh，1982年10月16日—），維基媒體基金會理事會成員，出生於美國弗羅里達州梅里特岛（英语：Merritt Island）。她曾在美國佛羅里達州德蘭...

 

East London, South Africa

City in Eastern Cape, South Africa This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: East London, South Africa – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) City in Eastern Cape, South AfricaEast London eMonti (Xhosa) Oos-Londen (Afrikaans) City...