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Memorial Day
Memorial Day
	Memorial Day Parade in St. John's
Official name	Memorial Day
Observed by	Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada)
Significance	Commemorates Newfoundland and Labrador war dead
Observances	Parades, silences
Date	1 July
Next time	1 July 2025
Frequency	annual

Memorial Day has been observed annually since 1 July 1917, to recall the losses of approximately 700 soldiers of the 1st Newfoundland Regiment from the Dominion of Newfoundland at Beaumont-Hamel on the first day on the Somme during the First World War. Since the induction of Newfoundland into Canada in 1949, "Memorial Day" has been amalgamated to commemorate the war-time sacrifices of members of the armed forces of the Canadian province Newfoundland and Labrador. It is observed concurrently with Canada's national holiday, Canada Day.

History

During the First World War Newfoundland was a Dominion of the British Empire with a population of 240,000, and not yet part of Canada.^[1] The 1st Newfoundland Regiment was deployed at Suvla Bay on the Gallipoli peninsula with the 29th British Division in support of the Gallipoli Campaign.^[2] With the close of the Gallipoli Campaign the regiment spent a short period recuperating before being transferred to the Western Front in March 1916.^[3] In France, the regiment regained battalion strength in preparation for the Battle of the Somme. The infantry assault began on 1 July 1916, and at 8:45 a.m. the Newfoundland Regiment and 1st Battalion of the Essex Regiment received orders to move forward.^[4] So far as can be ascertained, 22 officers and 758 other ranks were directly involved in the advance.^[5] Of these, all the officers and slightly under 658 other ranks became casualties.^[5] Of the 780 men who went forward only about 110 survived unscathed, of whom only 68 were available for roll call the following day.^[5] For all intents and purposes the Newfoundland Regiment had been wiped out, the unit as a whole having suffered a casualty rate of approximately 90%.

In the past, the forget-me-not was used to commemorate those who had sacrificed during war. The small flowers were pinned in the same way that the poppy is used on Remembrance Day, November 11. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador often observes Memorial Day during the morning at the National War Memorial in St. John's and cenotaphs around the province, flying the Union Flag at half staff. In the afternoon and evening they celebrate Canada Day. Besides Remembrance Day, this day is the only other day in which the red poppy is worn in Canada.^{[citation needed]}

In 2024, an unknown Newfoundland soldier killed at Beaumont-Hamel was ceremonially entombed on Memorial Day for the centenary of the province's National War Memorial, in a ceremony attended by Governor General Mary Simon, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador Andrew Furey.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Notes

^ Castell pp. 153–156 [Newfoundland's Position and War Policy — 1915]
^ Nicholson pp. 155–192
^ Nicholson p. 480
^ Nicholson p. 268
^ ^a ^b ^c Nicholson p. 274
^ Smelle, Sarah (1 July 2024). "An unknown Newfoundland soldier killed in the First World War laid to rest". Global News. Corus Entertainment. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
^ Gillis, Heather; Moore, Mike (29 June 2024). "Someone's Son: Learn about the reaptriation of Newfoundland's Unknown Solder". CBC News. Toronto/St. John's: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
^ Moore, Mike; Whitten, Elizabeth (1 July 2024). "Under grey skies and rain, N.L. entombs its Unknown Soldier in solemn ceremony at war memorial". CBC News. Toronto/St. John's: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.

References

Hopkins, John Castell (1916). The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs — 1915. Toronto: Annual Review Publishing Company Limited.

Nicholson, Gerald W. L. (1962). Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War: Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Nicholson, Gerald W. L. (2006) [1964]. The Fighting Newfoundlander: A History of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment. Carleton Library; 209 (2nd ed.). Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-3133-5.