The Madonna and Child with St. Anne (Dei Palafrenieri) or Madonna and the Serpent[1], is one of the mature religious works of the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio, painted in 1605–1606, for the altar of the Archconfraternity of the Papal Grooms (Italian: Arciconfraternita di Sant'Anna de Parafrenieri)[2] in the Basilica of Saint Peter[3] and taking its theme from Genesis 3:15.[3][4] The painting was briefly exhibited in the parish church for the Vatican, Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri, before its removal, due to its unorthodox portrayal of the Virgin Mary.[5] There are a lot of reasons why the piece may have been removed, such as the nudity of the child Jesus and the Virgin Mary revealing too much of her breast.[4] The reputation of the model that Caravaggio used to portray the Virgin Mary could be another reason as to why this altarpiece was withdrawn.[6] The altarpiece was sold to Cardinal Scipione Borghese and now hangs in his palazzo (Galleria Borghese).
Caravaggio received this commission from the Confraternity for Palafrenieri on December 1, 1605.[1] He worked on the piece and completed it in under four months.[1] It is unknown as to why the Confraternity picked Caravaggio to do the altarpiece; it is known that he was paid 25 scudi for the painting,[1][4] according to a document found by scholar Luigi Spezzaferro, dated October 31st. The altarpiece was placed in the new basilica on April 8 and was removed again on April 16, to the Palafrenieri's Church of St. Anne, a church in honor of St. Anne.[1]
The model that Caravaggio used to depict as the Virgin Mary was named Maddalena Antonietti, also known as Lena.[6] Lena modeled for Caravaggio before, in his piece called Madonna of the Pilgrims.,[6] also known as the Madonna of Loreto (1603).[6] Caravaggio developed a deep relationship with the model Lena, which explains why she was used in other works.[6] Maurizio Marini has noted that while many have stated that Lena was a prostitute; there is no evidence to confirm this.[7] However, this relationship was more serious compared to the other mistresses Caravaggio had.[6] She came from a lower class and modeled for artists to support herself.[7]
Spezzaferro believed that the painting was removed due to the way Caravaggio depicted St. Anne.[1] Traditionally in Christianity, Saint Anne was praised as a symbol of Grace.[8] Caravaggio depicted her as if she were just an ordinary older woman standing next to Mary and Christ.[1] Another reason as to why the painting may have been removed was that Caravaggio did not put enough effort into depicting the Holy Family grouping.[1] It was not the first time one of Caravaggio's paintings was removed from a church; another example is the Death of the Virgin, which was removed from Santa Maria della Scala.[1]
Art historian John Spike is not sure as to what the main reason this piece was removed and he cannot pinpoint it to one specific reason.[4] Scholar Maurizio Marini believed one of the biggest reasons Caravaggio's altarpiece was removed was due to his being a murderer that committed many crimes.[7] Caravaggio killed Ranuccio Tomassoni of Terni in a duel.[6] The Church had the altarpiece up for two months and later it was removed.[1]
Another reason for the rejection could be that Caravaggio used the model Lena to depict her as the Virgin Mary.[7] The Church may have rejected the piece knowing Lena was not an appropriate person to represent a holy figure since she was a prostitute.[6] Lena developed a relationship with Mariano Pasqualone that led Caravaggio to attack Pasqualone with a sword at a restaurant called Via Della Scrofa.[7]
The infant Jesus being fully naked may have also caused controversy and could be another reason as to why the altarpiece was removed from St. Peter's.[4] During the Counter-Reformation, the Church did not want to display art that displayed nudity, especially depicting such a holy entity.[9]
While not his most successful arrangement, it is an atypical representation of the Virgin Mary for its time and must have been shocking to some contemporary viewers.[2] The depiction of the Virgin Mary, with the aid of her son, whom she holds, tramples and crushes on a serpent, the emblem of evil or original sin.[1] Serpents symbolized heresy which signifies not believing in God.[4] Believing in God was seen as the truth if a person believed in any other representation of a god figure instead of Jesus, it was seen as sinful.[9] Mary and Jesus are crushing the serpent together with their feet and looking down upon the serpent. The snake is coiling up due to rejecting the presence of all three figures. Both Mary and Jesus are barefoot, and Jesus is a fully naked uncircumcised child.[3]
Saint Anne, whom the painting is intended to honor, is a wrinkled old grandmother, who witnesses the event. She is depicted more loosely, sketchily, and thinner than the other two figures.[1] Saint Anne is on the farther right wearing a dark navy-blue dress. She is the mother of the Virgin Mary and the grandmother of Jesus Christ. The Virgin Mary and Saint Anne are depicted with thin gold ring halos. However, Jesus is the only figure who does not have a halo.[1] This is strange because usually in Christian artwork, Jesus is depicted having the brightest halo to draw attention to him, Caravaggio did not do that in this painting.[1]
Jesus's left hand is depicted doing a gesture where he is putting his middle finger and thumb together creating a circle.[4] Everything else is in the shadows, and the figures gain monumentality in the light.[3] This depiction is known as tenebrism.[1] The brightest figure in this altarpiece with a lot of highlights is Jesus. The light shines on him due to being the focus and being known as "the light of the world,” stated John Spike.[4] He has more power compared to his mother and grandmother. Mary receives more light compared to Saint Anne because she is standing behind her son.[1] Mary has light hitting more on her because she carried and gave birth to Jesus. Mary and Saint Anne both represent and have a status in the Christian hierarchy, but not a lot of status compared to Jesus.[1] That is why they are both depicted behind Jesus. The serpent is receiving some light due to being crushed by Jesus and the Virgin Mary.[1]
Caravaggio depicted Jesus' as nude because showing his genitals represents the true human body.[4] Caravaggio and Michelangelo believed that depicting him nude lets the viewers know that Jesus came to be represented as a free human nature from the "Adamic contagion of shame," stated by Leo Steinberg.[4] The contagion of shame was physical health and death.
Mary is leaning with her son and her cleavage is showing and she is seen wearing a tight fitted bodice.[4] This iconography of the breast being a tight-fitted bodice came from the medieval period and traditional wear. The symbolism of showing her breast represents Madonna of Mercy’s breast milk.[4] Breast milk is a substance and nutrition that Christ would drink and was seen as a symbol of her role in Co-redemptrix.[4] The breasts of Mary can be compared to Christ’s wounds.
Mary in this painting is wearing unusual clothing from her norm; she is usually depicted wearing a veil in blue and a dress in white.[4] At this time young Roman women would wear these dresses.[4] The outfit she is usually seen in multiple paintings is a matronly veil, mantle, and robe. In this painting, Caravaggio depicted her wearing a veil neckline dress where she is revealing too much of her breasts.[1]
{{cite book}}
الصليب الاحمر الهولندى منظمه، وجمعية صليب احمر او هلال احمر وطنيه الاختصار (بالانجليزى: NLRC)[1] البلد المقر الرئيسى دينهاخ تاريخ التأسيس 1867 منطقة التشغيل نيديرلاند العضويه الاتحاد الدولى لجمعيات الصليب الاحمر و الهلال الاحمر الماليه اجمالى الايرادات …
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …
Klaas Vantornout (2008) Klaas Vantornout (* 19. Mai 1982 in Roeselare) ist ein belgischer Cyclocrossfahrer. Klaas Vantornout begann seine Karriere 2006 bei dem belgischen Fidea Cycling Team. Seinen ersten Sieg konnte er im luxemburgischen Contern feiern. Er konnte beim Weltcup einige Top-Ten-Platzierungen herausfahren. Beim Superprestige in Gieten schaffte er es 2006 sogar aufs Treppchen hinter Sven Nys und Gerben de Knegt. 2008 und 2012 gewann er dieses Rennen. 2013 und 2015 wurde er belgischer…
Republik Sierra LeoneRepublic of Sierra Leone (Inggris) Bendera Lambang Semboyan: Unity, Freedom, Justice (Inggris: Persatuan, Kebebasan, Keadilan)Lagu kebangsaan: High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the FreeIbu kota(dan kota terbesar)Freetown8°29.067′N 13°14.067′W / 8.484450°N 13.234450°W / 8.484450; -13.234450Bahasa resmiInggrisPemerintahanRepublik presidensial• Presiden Julius Maada Bio• Wakil Presiden Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh• Ketua Menter…
Kaart van het Kaspische Zee-bekken waar alle rivieren van Azerbeidzjan naar toe stromen. De Koera en de Aras zijn de langste rivieren in Azerbeidzjan en hun stroomgebied omvat het grootste deel van het land. Dit is een lijst van de langste rivieren in Azerbeidzjan. Koera, 1515 km Aras, 1072 km Qanıx, 413 km Qabırlı, 394 km Samoer, 216 km Anaxatır, 201 km Tartar, 200 km Sumqayıt, 198 km Kürək, 186 km Türyan, 180 km Bazar, 178 km Bolqar, 163 km Əyri, 135 km Ağstafa, 133 km Arpa, 126 km X…
Skyscraper in Boston Exchange PlaceExchange Place at duskGeneral informationTypeOfficeLocation53 State Street, Boston, MassachusettsCoordinates42°21′30″N 71°03′23″W / 42.35832°N 71.05645°W / 42.35832; -71.05645Completed1984HeightRoof510 ft (160 m)Technical detailsFloor count40Floor area1,121,599 sq ft (104,200.0 m2)Lifts/elevators24Design and constructionArchitect(s)WZMH ArchitectsDeveloperBrookfield PropertiesReferences[1] Exc…
Coloni Motorsport también conocida de su denominación en la GP2 como Scuderia Coloni es una escudería italiana fundada en 1982 por Enzo Coloni en Tuoro sul Trasimeno. El equipo participó en Fórmula 3 entre 1983 y 1986, antes de correr en la Fórmula 1 como Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems entre 1987 y 1991. Entre 2006 y 2009 el equipo compitió bajo el nombre de Fisichella Motor Sport International. Bajo el patrocinio del expiloto de Fórmula 1 Giancarlo Fisichella y luego como Scuderia Colon…
Bendera Bahrain Pemakaian Bendera nasional Perbandingan 3:5 Dipakai 14 Februari 2002; 21 tahun lalu (2002-02-14) Rancangan Berwarna putih dan merah yang membentuk pola berliku-liku. Bendera Bahrain terdiri dari garis putih di sepertiga kiri bendera, dan sisanya bewarna merah. Kedua warna tersebut dipisahkan oleh lima segitiga putih yang membentuk rupa gergaji. Merah adalah warna tradisional teluk Persia. Kelima ujung segitiga melambangkan lima pilar Islam. Desain bendera ini mirip dengan be…
SigapitonDesaPeta lokasi Desa SigapitonNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenTobaKecamatanAjibataKode pos22386Kode Kemendagri12.12.08.2001 Luas5,0 km²Jumlah penduduk390 jiwa (2015)Kepadatan78,00 jiwa/km² Sigapiton adalah salah satu desa di Kecamatan Ajibata, Kabupaten Toba, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Pemerintahan Kepala Desa Sigapiton pada tahun 2019 adalah Hisar Butarbutar.[1] Sosial Kemasyarakatan Suku Demografi berdasarkan Marga di Desa Sigapiton[2] …
See also: Director of Central Intelligence and Clandestine HUMINT and Covert Action Main article: Central Intelligence Agency The lives of 139 fallen CIA officers are represented by 139 stars on the CIA Memorial Wall in the Original Headquarters building. The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) dates from September 18, 1947, when President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law. A major impetus that has been cited over the years[citation needed] for…
Zsolt Erdei Daten Geburtsname Zsolt Erdei Geburtstag 31. Mai 1974 Geburtsort Ungarn Budapest Nationalität Ungarn Ungarisch Kampfname(n) Madár Gewichtsklasse Halbschwergewicht Stil Linksauslage Größe 1,78 m Kampfstatistik als Profiboxer/in Kämpfe 35 Siege 34 K.-o.-Siege 18 Niederlagen 1 Medaillenspiegel Olympische Spiele 0 × 0 × 1 × Weltmeisterschaften 1 × 0 × 0 × Europameisterschaften 2 × 1 × 0 × Olympische Spiele Bronze 2000 Sydney Mittelgewicht Weltmeisterschaften Gold 1997…
SaawariyaPoster film untuk SaawariyaSutradara Sanjay Leela Bhansali Produser Sanjay Leela Bhansali Ditulis oleh Prakash Kapadia Vibhu Puri BerdasarkanMalam-Malam Putiholeh Fyodor DostoyevskiPemeranRanbir KapoorSonam KapoorSalman KhanRani MukerjiZohra SehgalNaratorRani MukerjiPenata musikMonty SharmaSinematograferRavi K. ChandranPenyuntingSanjay Leela BhansaliPerusahaanproduksiSLB FilmsDistributorSony PicturesMeteor PicturesTanggal rilis 9 November 2007 (2007-11-09) Durasi140 menitNega…
2013 studio album by ErasureSnow GlobeStudio album by ErasureReleased11 November 2013Recorded2013Genre Synth-pop Christmas Length44:45LabelMuteProducer Erasure Gareth Jones Erasure chronology Tomorrow's World(2011) Snow Globe(2013) The Violet Flame(2014) Singles from Snow Globe GaudeteReleased: 28 October 2013 Make It WonderfulReleased: 24 February 2014 Snow Globe is the fifteenth studio album by English synth-pop duo Erasure, released by Mute Records on 11 November 2013 in the United Ki…
Bản mẫu:Eastern Slavic name Aleksandr Cherevko Cherevko with SKA-Khabarovsk năm 2017Thông tin cá nhânTên đầy đủ Aleksandr Petrovich CherevkoNgày sinh 28 tháng 11 năm 1987 (36 tuổi)Nơi sinh Novofedorivka, Ukrainian SSRChiều cao 1,65 m (5 ft 5 in)Vị trí Hậu vệ/Tiền vệThông tin câu lạc bộĐội hiện nay FC SKA-KhabarovskSố áo 26Sự nghiệp cầu thủ trẻ2000–2005 F.K. Lokomotiv MoskvaSự nghiệp cầu thủ chuyên nghiệp*N…
Аврора ДемидоваАврора Демидова Ім'я при народженні Аврора Павлівна ДемидоваНародилася 2 листопада 1873(1873-11-02)Київ Російська імперіяПомерла 16 червня 1904(1904-06-16) (30 років)Буссоліно, Турин, Королівство ІталіяКраїна Російська імперіяТитул княжна Сан-ДонатоРід Демидови, Кара…
Fantasyfilms By decade Before 1930 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s vte Fantasy Media Anime Art Artists Authors Comics Films Podcasts Literature Magazines Manga Publishers Light novels Television Webcomics Genre studies Creatures History Early history Magic Magic item Magic system Magician Tropes Fantasy worlds Campaign settings Subgenres Bangsian fantasy Children's fantasy Comedy Contemporary fantasy Dark fantasy Dieselpunk Fairy tale Fairy tale parody …
1949 Indian film Amar KahaniDirected byBaij SharmaProduced byS. RanjitStarringP. JairajSuraiyaRanjanaMusic byHusnlal BhagatramProductioncompanyKamal Kunj ChitraRelease date 1949 (1949) CountryIndiaLanguageHindi Amar Kahani (Immortal Story) is a 1949 Hindi romantic drama film directed by Baij Sharma.[1] It was produced under the Kamal Kunj Chitra banner.[2] The music was composed by Husnlal Bhagatram, with lyrics by Rajendra Krishan.[3] The film starred P. Jairaj, Sur…
医療用途を含むこの薬に関する一般的な情報については「デキストロメトルファン」をご覧ください。 デキストロメトルファンを配合した鎮咳去痰薬(メジコン)の錠剤シート デキストロメトルファンの娯楽的使用は、解離効果や幻覚体験などを目的としたデキストロメトルファン (DXM) の濫用行為[1]。俗にrobo-trippingとも呼ばれる[注 1]。 医学的に推奨される…
Орнітологічна територія«Узбережжя Ріксу» 58°11′17″ пн. ш. 22°05′19″ сх. д. / 58.18806° пн. ш. 22.08861° сх. д. / 58.18806; 22.08861Координати: 58°11′17″ пн. ш. 22°05′19″ сх. д. / 58.18806° пн. ш. 22.08861° сх. д. / 58.18806; 22.08861Країна ЕстоніяРозта…
Эта страница требует существенной переработки. Возможно, её необходимо правильно оформить, дополнить или переписать.Пояснение причин и обсуждение — на странице Википедия:К улучшению/17 августа 2023. Данный список представляет Заместителей глав Правительства Германии. Охв…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.117.186.132