Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is de Santa María and the second or maternal family name is Nanacacipactzin.
Cipac
Tlatoani and Governor of Tenochtitlan
Reign30 September 1563 – 27 December 1565
Installation30 September 1563
PredecessorCristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
SuccessorFrancisco Jiménez
(as judge-governor)
Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan
In office1557
PredecessorMiguel Sánchez Yscatl
Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
SuccessorMartín Cano
Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl
Co-AlcaldeTomás de Aquino Yspopulac
Died27 December 1565

Don Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin, also known as Cipac, was the last tlatoani ("king") of the Nahua altepetl of Tenochtitlan,[1] as well as its governor (gobernador) under the colonial Spanish system of government. The previous ruler Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin having died in 1562,[2] Nanacacipactzin was installed on September 30, 1563, and ruled until his death on December 27, 1565.[1]

His rule was dominated by disputes with the Spanish colonial government over tribute payments. In January 1564, the viceroyalty passed a law requiring the Tenochca to pay 14,000 pesos in annual tribute, as well as a large payment in corn. Nanacacipactzin resisted this demand, and faced a number of Spanish-backed lawsuits as a result, even being arrested for three days in September 1564 for failing to secure agreement to the new payments. His mental and physical health declined as a result, and this likely contributed to his death in December 1565.[3]

With Nanacacipactzin's death, the rule of Tenochtitlan by dynastic tlatoque (plural of tlatoani) came to an end.[1] As governor, he was succeeded in 1568 by Francisco Jiménez, who was a native of Tecamachalco rather than Tenochtitlan.[4]

His Nahuatl name, Nanacacipactli (or Nanacacipactzin in the honorific form), literally means "mushroom alligator". It appears his birth name was simply Cipactli "alligator", and the "mushroom" element was added as a nickname,[5] possibly due to a perception that he was ineffective in resisting Spanish tribute demands.[6]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 43.
  2. ^ Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 41.
  3. ^ Townsend, Camilla (2019). Fifth Sun: A New History of the Aztecs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 166–178. ISBN 978-0190673062.
  4. ^ Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 177; vol. 2, p. 43.
  5. ^ Lockhart (1992): p. 118.
  6. ^ Townsend (2019). Fifth Sun. p. 168.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin.
Regnal titles
Preceded by Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
1563–1565 		None
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1563–1565 		Vacant
Title next held by
Francisco Jiménez
as judge-governor
Preceded by
Miguel Sánchez Yscatl and Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
 Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1557
with Tomás de Aquino Yspopulac 		Succeeded by
Martín Cano and Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl


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