Louis Bourgeois (architect)

Louis Bourgeois
Louis Bourgeois
Born	March 19, 1856; St. Célestin de Nicolet, Canada East
Died	August 20, 1930 (aged 74); Wilmette, Illinois, United States
Nationality	Canadian
Occupation	Architect

Jean-Baptiste Louis Bourgeois (March 19, 1856 – August 20, 1930) was a Canadian architect, active in Canada and the United States.^[1] He is perhaps best known for designing the Baháʼí House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois.

History

In his youth, Louis Bourgeois worked as a clerk in a church contractor's office in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. Through this experience planned the construction of the Church of Saint-Wenceslas in 1892. He married Marie Tourville. His wife's medical bills caused him to go into debt, and thus he moved to Montreal to work as an apprentice sculptor to Napoléon Bourassa. Bourassa sent Bourgeois to Paris to study sculpture with his cousin Louis Philippe Hebert. Bourgeois left his studies and travelled to other countries including Italy, Greece, Egypt, and Persia.

He returned to North America in 1896, to Chicago where he worked with innovative architect Louis Sullivan. Within several years he moved to Southern California, where he designed the Paul de Longpré Residence in the Mission Revival style, in central Hollywood for the popular still-life painter Paul de Longpré. The 1898 house at Hollywood Boulevard and Cahuenga, with an art gallery to sell de Longpré paintings and surrounded by the expansive "Le Roi de Fleur" gardens, became a tourist destination on a P.E. Redcars line.^[2] Bourgeois also taught French to de Longpré's daughters, and married one of them, Alice.

Bourgeois jointly created a design with Francis E. Dunlap and Charles L. Morgan for the 1922 Tribune Tower design competition. Their design was named an "honorable mention".^[3]

Baháʼí

By the winter of 1906, Bourgeois and his wife had joined the Baháʼí faith after having "come into association with the Baha'i Faith through Marie Watson and Mary Hanford Ford" (then of Boston's Baháʼí community.)^[4] The Baháʼí teaching on the unity of religions was also important to him.^[1] When he was in New York City, Bourgeois joined the community there but then soon moved to Teaneck, New Jersey to expand the Baháʼí community there.^[5]

Wilmette Baháʼí House of Worship

Louis Bourgeois may be best known as the architect of the Baháʼí House of Worship in Wilmette, suburban Cook County, Illinois. To give ʻAbdu'l-Baha an idea of the design direction he would take, he sent a plan that he had previously submitted for the eight-sided Peace Palace and Library in The Hague.^[6] In 1920 his design, revised with nine sides, was chosen for the Wilmette Baháʼí House of Worship by the delegates to the Baháʼí national convention.

Construction began in 1921. The Foundation Hall was completed in 1922, and used as a meeting place. During the 1920s he spent much time making an architectural model and constructing the complex structure, and financing his efforts to do so, through periods of illness.^[1]

After a month of bad health, Louis Bourgeois died at the age of 74 on August 20, 1930.^[1]

The temple of the Wilmette Baháʼí House of Worship was finally completed and dedicated in 1953.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Whitmore, Bruce W (1984). The Dawning Place. Wilmette: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 76–86. ISBN 0-87743-192-2.
^ Under the Hollywood Sign Blog: "Paul de Longpre"
^ "Honorable Mention". Chicago Tribune. December 3, 1922. Retrieved 25 April 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Bourgeois, Jean-Baptiste Louis (1856-1930) - Designer of Mashriqu'l-Adhkar at Wilmette, Illinois, United States of America, R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram, Research Notes in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies, Vol. 1, no. 7 (September, 1997)
^ History of the Churches of Teaneck Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, Teaneck New Jersey Forty Years of Progress: 1895-1935, by Township of Teaneck, c. 1935. pp. 14-18. "The late Louis Bourgeois, famous architect and formerly of Bogert Street and Alicia Avenue, Teaneck, also was a well-known figure in the construction of a Baha'i meeting place."
^ Bahai.us: Louis Bourgeois Archived 2014-05-28 at the Wayback Machine