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Lithium iodide
	; __ Li+ __ I−
Identifiers
CAS Number	10377-51-2 ; 17023-24-4 (monohydrate) ; 17023-25-5 (dihydrate) ; 7790-22-9 (trihydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	59699 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.735
PubChem CID	66321;
UNII	S6K2XET783 ; PS8215OJNR (trihydrate) ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30908580 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/HI.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/HI.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-REWHXWOFAM;
	SMILES [Li+].[I-];
Properties
Chemical formula	LiI
Molar mass	133.85 g/mol
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Density	4.076 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 3.494 g/cm3 (trihydrate)
Melting point	469 °C (876 °F; 742 K)
Boiling point	1,171 °C (2,140 °F; 1,444 K)
Solubility in water	1510 g/L (0 °C); 1670 g/L (25 °C); 4330 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility	soluble in ethanol, propanol, ethanediol, ammonia
Solubility in methanol	3430 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility in acetone	426 g/L (18 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−50.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.955
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	0.381 J/g K or 54.4 J/mol K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	75.7 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-2.02 kJ/g or −270.48 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	-266.9 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Lithium fluoride; Lithium chloride; Lithium bromide; Lithium astatide
Other cations	Sodium iodide; Potassium iodide; Rubidium iodide; Caesium iodide; Francium iodide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine.^[2] It crystallizes in the NaCl motif.^[3] It can participate in various hydrates.^[4]

Applications

LiI chains grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes.^[5]

Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries. It is also the standard electrolyte in artificial pacemakers^[6] due to the long cycle life it enables.^[7] The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.^[8] It is also used, in a complex with Iodine, in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells.

In organic synthesis, LiI is useful for cleaving C-O bonds. For example, it can be used to convert methyl esters to carboxylic acids:^[9]

RCO₂CH₃ + LiI → RCO₂Li + CH₃I

Similar reactions apply to epoxides and aziridines.

Lithium iodide was used as a radiocontrast agent for CT scans. Its use was discontinued due to renal toxicity. Inorganic iodine solutions suffered from hyperosmolarity and high viscosities. Current iodinated contrast agents are organoiodine compounds.^[10]

It is also useful in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids by adding lithium salts to the matrix solution

^[11]

References

^ Patnaik, Pradyot (2002) Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
^ "Lithium iodide" (PDF). ESPI Corp. MSDS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2005-09-16.
^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393.
^ Senga, Ryosuke; Suenaga, Kazu (2015). "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements". Nature Communications. 6: 7943. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7943S. doi:10.1038/ncomms8943. PMC 4532884. PMID 26228378.
^ Holmes, C. (2007-09-28). "The Lithium/Iodine-Polyvinylpyridine Pacemaker Battery - 35 years of Successful Clinical Use". ECS Transactions. 6 (5): 1–7. Bibcode:2007ECSTr...6e...1H. doi:10.1149/1.2790382. ISSN 1938-5862. S2CID 138189063.
^ Hanif, Maryam (2008). "The Pacemaker Battery - Review Article". UIC Bioengineering Student Journal.
^ Nicholson, K. P.; et al. (1955). "Some lithium iodide phosphors for slow neutron detection". Br. J. Appl. Phys. 6 (3): 104–106. Bibcode:1955BJAP....6..104N. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/6/3/311.
^ Charette, André B.; Barbay, J. Kent and He, Wei (2005) "Lithium Iodide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rl121.pub2
^ Lusic, Hrvoje; Grinstaff, Mark W. (2013). "X-ray-Computed Tomography Contrast Agents". Chemical Reviews. 113 (3): 1641–66. doi:10.1021/cr200358s. PMC 3878741. PMID 23210836.
^ Petit, Cerruti; Touboul, Laprévote (2011). "MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids by adding lithium salts to the matrix solution". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 401 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4814-9. PMC 3878741. PMID 21380605.