This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in any given century.

• Current heads of state and government
• 2020s
• 2010s
• 2000s

• 10th century
  • 10th-century Holy Roman Empire
• 9th century
• 8th century
• 7th century
• 6th century
• 5th century
• 4th century
• 3rd century
• 2nd century
• 1st century

• 1st century BC
• 2nd century BC
• 3rd century BC
• 4th century BC
• 5th century BC
• 6th century BC
• 7th century BC
• 8th century BC
• 9th century BC
• 10th century BC

• 11th century BC
• 12th century BC
• 13th century BC
• 14th century BC
• 15th century BC
• 16th century BC
• 17th century BC
• 18th century BC
• 19th century BC
• 20th century BC

• 4th and 3rd millennia BC

• Lists of state leaders

This article includes a rulers-related list of lists.