List of unclassified languages of South America
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), Ethnologue Glottolog
Campbell & Grondona (2012:116–130) lists the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.[ 1] Loukotka (1968)[ 2] Adelaar & Muysken (2004).[ 3] Ethnologue
Aconipa (Tabancal, Tabancara) – Ecuador; only 5 words knownAguano (Awano, Ahuano, Uguano, Aguanu, Santa Crucino) – PeruAmikoana (Amikuân) – BrazilAnserma (including Caramanta, Cartama) – ColombiaArara do Beiradão (Arara do Rio Branco, Arara do Aripuanã) – BrazilArda Popo (Gen))Arma )Aticum (Araticum) – BrazilBagua – Peru; only 3 words knownCagua – ColombiaCara (Scyri, Caranqui, Otavalo) – Ecuador; possibly BarbacoanCarabayo (Yuri, "Amazonas Macusa")Chachapoya (Chacha) – Peruchivil 'two', chu 'earth', and hati great.Chipiajes – ColombiaChono – Chile[ 4] Copallén (Copallín) – Peru; only 4 words knownCoxima (Koxima) – ColombiaDiaguita (Cacan, Kakán) – northwest Argentina; subdivisions are Calchaquí, Capayán, Catamarcano, Hualfín, Paccioca [Pazioca], Pular, Quilme, YacampisEwarhuyana – Brazil; possibly 12 speakers in Pará StateGorgotoqui – BoliviaGuanaca – Colombia; possibly a relative of Guambiano (Barbacoan)Himarimã – Brazil; uncontacted groupHumahuaca (Omaguaca) – Argentina; apparent subdivisions are Fiscara, Jujuy, Ocloya, Osa, Purmamarca, Tiliar; Mason (1950:302) proposed an "Ataguitan" grouping that includes Humahuaca, Diaguita, and AtacameñoIapama – Brazil[ 5] Bahía Solano to Cape Marzo in Colombia (Loukotka 1968)[ 6] Kaimbé (Caimbé, Caimbe) – Brazil; extinctKamba (Camba) – Brazil; possibly Tupian, extinctKambiwá (Cambiuá, Cambioá) – Brazil; extinct[ 7] Kapinawá – Brazil; extinctKarahawyana – Brazil; possibly CaribanKatembri (Kariri de Mirandela) – BrazilKohoroxitari – possibly Tocanoan; may be the same as BaniwaKorubo (Caceteiros) – Brazil; possibly Panoan; may be the same as Marúbo, or related to Yanomámi (Yanomaman )Malibú – Colombia; possibly ChibchanMaynas (Mayna, Maina, Rimachu) – Peru; past attempts to link it to Jivaroan, Cahuapanan, Zaparoan, and CandoshiMaxiena (Ticomeri) – BoliviaMayo (Panoan) or Morike (Arawakan); mayu is the Quechuan word for 'river, water'Miarrã – BrazilMocana – Brazil; may be related to Malibú, but only 2 words known[ 8] Natagaimas – Colombia; extinctOlmos – Peru; possibly connected with SechuraOtí (Eochavante, Chavante) – Brazil; Greenberg classifies it as Macro-Gé, though this is unlikely according to Ribeiro (2006:422)Pacabuey – Colombia; may be Malibú (Chibchan), but no dataPanche [ 9] Pankararé (Pankaré) – Bahía, Brazil; extinctPapavô – Brazil; uncontacted, may be Arawakan or Panoan (?)Patagón – Peru; possibly CaribanPehuenche (Peguenche) – ArgentinaPijao (Piajao, Pixao, Pinao) – ColombiaPopayan ) – ColombiaPuquina – Peru, Bolivia, Chile[ 10] zobá 'moon' and afia 'bow'[ 11] Camsá , speakers of a language isolate ) are descended, at least in part, from the QuillasingaQuimbaya – Colombia; may be Chocó, but only 1 word is knownQuingnam – Peru; extinct, possibly the same as Lengua (Yunga) Pescadora of colonial sources; according to Quilter et al. (2010), a list of numbers was recently foundSácata (Sacata, Zácata, Chillao) – Peru; extinct; may be Candoshi or Arawakan, but only 3 words knownSanavirón – Argentina, near Córdova. Loukotka classified it as an isolate, but there is insufficient data to justify this.Tapeba – BrazilTarairiú (Tarairiu, Ochucuyana) – BrazilTingui-Boto – Brazil; extinct; also known as Tingui, Tingui-Botó, Carapató, KarapatóTonocoté – Argentina, Chaco regionTruká – BrazilTremembé (Teremembé, Taramembé) – BrazilUru-Pa-In – BrazilWaitaká (Guaitacá, Goyatacá, Goytacaz) – Brazil; subdivisions: Mopi, Yacorito, Wasu, MiriWakoná (Wacona, Acona) – BrazilWasu (Waçu, Wassu) – BrazilXokó – Brazil; only 4 words are known; also known as Chocó, Shoco, Shokó, ChocazYarí – Colombia; may be a Carijona (Cariban dialect), West Tucanoan, or Huitoto(an)Yarigui people )
Loukotka (1968) lists the following languages of South America as unclassified. They are extinct unless otherwise noted.
Southern South America and Chacos Region
Divisions A (South) and B (Chaco) (Loukotka 1968: 63):
Aperea – unknown language of the old mission of Santiago Sánchez in the province of Corrientes, Argentina.
Axata Darpa – unknown language of an unknown tribe of the Gran Chaco of Paraguay.
Casota – unknown language of the old mission of Santa Lucía, Corrientes , Argentina.
Culaycha – unknown language of the old mission of Santa Lucía, Corrientes , Argentina.
Dawainomol – unknown language from the Gran Chaco of Paraguay.
Divihet – Colorado River and Sauce Chico River , province of La Pampa, Argentina.
Egualo – unknown language of the old mission of Santiago Sánchez , province of Corrientes, Argentina.
Emischata – unknown language of the old mission of Santa Lucía, Corrientes , Argentina.
Jaguanan – Iguape , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Kaguan – mission of Santiago Sánchez , Corrientes, Argentina.
Kurumro – language of an unknown tribe of the Paraguayan Gran Chaco .
Malquesi – western shore of Laguna Porongos , province of Córdoba, Argentina.
Masa – unknown language of the old mission of Santiago Sánchez .
Ohoma – extinct and unknown language near the old mission of Homa or Ohoma, province of Corrientes, Argentina.
Peguenche non-araucano – a lost language of the Neuquén province, Argentina.
Quelosi – unknown language east of the Mar Chiquita , province of Córdoba, Argentina.
Sintó or Assek or Upsuksinta – language of an unknown tribe in the interior of the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, north of the Choroti tribe.
Stanatevogyet – unknown language of the Paraguayan Gran Chaco .
Santa Lucía, Corrientes province.Taguaylen – lost language of the old mission of Santa Lucía, Corrientes province.
Central Brazil
Division C (Central Brazil) (Loukotka 1968: 86–87):
Arae – unknown language left bank of the Araguaia River south of Bananal Island .
Buritiguara – unknown language state of Mato Grosso near the confluence of the Araguaia River and Manso River .
Cahan – Iguatimí River (Iguatemi River ) and Espocil River , state of Mato Grosso.
Curumiá – sources of the Brilhante River , Mato Grosso.
Cutaguá – state of Mato Grosso on the Dourados River .
Gaelio – state of Espirito Santo, exact locality unknown.
Guadaxo – upper course of the Anhandui River , Mato Grosso.
Guaimute – near the falls of Salto Grande, Espirito Santo.
Guariteré – Mato Grosso, exact locality unknown.
Imaré – Taquari River , state of Mato Grosso.
Ina – unknown language, Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Iñajurupé – lost language of the old mission of Gracioso, Goiás state.
Jurema – unknown language of Piauí state, exact locality unknown.
Kokakôre – Mato Grosso state along the Tocantins River .
Komokare – unknown language of Goiás state, exact locality unknown.
Koróge – Pogúbe River (Poguba River ), Mato Grosso.
Kururu – state of Mato Grosso on the Carinhanha River .
Macuruné – Mucunis River (Mucuri River ?), state of Minas Gerais.
Papana – between the Doce River and Jequitinhonha River , Minas Gerais.
Urupuca – Urupuca River (Urupaça River ), Minas Gerais.
Ururi – state of Mato Grosso, exact location unknown.
Vanherei – sources of the Piquiri River , state of Mato Grosso.
Yaperú or Naperú or Apirú – Paraguay near Asunción.
Northeast Brazil
Division D (Northeast Brazil) (Loukotka 1968: 92–95):
Aconan or Wakoná – originally spoken around Lagoa Comprida and in Penedo ; now survivors of the original tribe who speak only Portuguese are found in the city of Porto Real do Colégio .
Anicun – source of the Uruhu River (Uru River ) and Dos Bois River .
Apitupá – unknown language, Aquitipi River , Bahia state.
Aramurú – state of Sergipe on the São Francisco River .
Arapoá – around Jaboatão in the state of Pernambuco.
Arariú – unknown language near Meruoca on the Acatajú River , state of Ceará.
Aticum or Araticum – Pernambuco, near Carnaubeira . The survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Avis – unknown language of the state of Pernambuco, valley of the Pajeú River .
Baixóta – now speak Portuguese in the Serra Catolé , Pernambuco.
Boime or Poyme – state of Sergipe near Aracajú on the São Francisco River .
Caimbé – village of Masacara near Mirandela , state of Bahia. The survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Camaraxo – between Ilhéus and Serra dos Aimorés , state of Bahia.
Cambioá – Serra Negra , Pernambuco state.
Cararú or Cajurú – Soroabé Island in the São Francisco River , Pernambuco state.
Caripó or Curupehe – São Francisco River near Boa Vista , Pernambuco.
Caxago – state of Sergipe on the São Francisco River .
Ceococe – São Pedro, Pernambuco and Serra Pão de Açúcar , Pernambuco.
Foklása – state of Pernambuco in the Serra dos Cavalos .
Galache – near Macaubas , state of Bahia.
Gambéla – unknown language near Ourém and São José, Maranhão state.
Guarino – middle course of the Tijuco River , Mato Grosso.
Itucá or Cuacá – originally spoken in the Serra Negra , Pernambuco state. The last survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Jeriticó or Jiripancó – village of Pindaé near Brejo dos Padres in Tacaratu , Pernambuco. Survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Jururu – state of Ceará, but exact location is unknown.
Macamasu – the exact location of which is unknown.
Macarú – village of Brejo dos Padres , Tacaratu . A few survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Mairajiqui – Bahia de Todos os Santos , state of Bahia.
Moriquito – Alagoas state on the lower course of the São Francisco River .
Nacai – Aquitipi River , Bahia.
Ocren – Bahia on the São Francisco River near Salitre .
Orí – Bahia, between the Itapicuru River and Vaza-Barris River .
Pacarará – state of Pernambuco in the Serra Cacaréa and Serra Arapuá .
Parapicó – Serra Comonati , Pernambuco.
Peria or Poria – village of Rodelas , Bahia. A few survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Pipipan – lower course of the Moxotó River , Pernambuco.
Porcá – on Várgea Island in the São Francisco River , Pernambuco.
Porú or Procáze – originally spoken in the Serra Nhumarana and Serra Cassuca , later on the Várgea Islands and Nossa Senhora de O Islands in the São Francisco River . Now probably extinct.
Quiambioá – Serra Negra , Pernambuco.
Qurigmã – the first inhabitants of São Salvador Bay (Salvador, Bahia ), state of Bahia.
Romarí or Omarí – originally spoken in the Serra de Pao de Açúcar , state of Pernambuco. Now there are a few survivors with an unknown language in the village of Propriá , Sergipe state.
Sacracrinha or Sequaquirihen – state of Bahia near the mouth of the Salitre River in the São Francisco River .
Tacarúba or Tacarua – island of Soroabé in the São Francisco River , state of Pernambuco.
Tamaquéu – São Francisco River in the state of Pernambuco, at the confluence with the Salitre River .
Tchili – city of Cimbres , Pernambuco.
Teremembe or Tremembé or Taramembé – originally spoken by a tribe on the coast between the mouth of the Monim River and the mouth of the Chorro River (Choró River ), state of Ceará.
Tupijó – state of Bahia by the neighbors of the Maracá tribe.
Uruma – state of Sergipe on the São Francisco River .
Vouve – Piancó River , Pernambuco state.
Walêcoxô – unknown language from the city of Cimbres , Pernambuco.
Xibata – unknown language of a tribe in the state of Ceará. Exact location is unknown.
North Central South America
Tropical North Central South America (Loukotka 1968: 165–168):
Aburuñe – Xarayes Lagoon (Pantanal ), Bolivia.
Anetine – near Mojos , Bolivia.
Apiyipán – language of an unknown tribe of the Aripuanã River , Amazonas.
Artane – unknown language of Xarayes Lagoon (Pantanal ), Bolivia.
Aueiko – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Bakurönchichi – language of an unknown tribe of the Branco River , Rondônia.
Bikutiakap – unknown language from Brazil, spoken on the right bank of the Pimenta Bueno River .
Bixarenren – Tiucunti River , a tributary of the Jamachiua River , Rondônia.
Cabixi – Steinen River , Mato Grosso.
Cañacure – Mamoré River , Bolivia.
Capua – spoken on the Rolim de Moura River , Rondônia.
Cayú – spoken on the left bank of the Pimenta Bueno River , Rondônia.
Churima – old mission of San José de Maharenos , Beni province, Bolivia.
Cutriá – spoken on the middle course of the Branco River , Rondônia.
Cuximiraíba – spoken at the mouth of the Aripuanã River , Amazonas.
Djupá – spoken on the Ji-Paraná River , Rondônia.
Dokoro – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Duri – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Erema – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Guajarapo or Guasaroca – around Villa María and Santa Ana de Chiquitos , Santa Cruz province, Bolivia.
Hiauahim or Javaim – "a tribe of cannibals" on the middle course of the Tapajós River , Pará state, Brazil.
Iruri – right bank of the Madeira River , between the Maici River and Aripuanã River , Amazonas.
Juruena – spoken on the Juruena River , Mato Grosso.
Kiapüre or Quiapyre – Mequéns River , Rondônia.
Koshurái – language of an unknown tribe on the lower course of the Ji-Paraná River , Amazonas.
Lambi – extinct language between the Branco River and São Miguel River , Rondônia.
Macuarê – spoken on the left bank of the Pimenta Bueno River , Rondônia.
Manesono or Mopeseano – old mission of San Francisco Borja , Beni province, Bolivia.
Marapanã – spoken by an unknown tribe on the right bank of the Uaimberê River (Uimeerê River ), a tributary of the Pimenta Bueno River , Rondônia.
Maricoxi – sources of the Branco River , Rondônia.
Maxiena or Ticomeri – Mojos Plains west of the mission of Trinidad , Beni province, Bolivia.
Minhahá – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Muriva – mouth of the Jamachim River (Jamanxim River ) to the Tapajós River , Pará state, Brazil.
Nambu – Guapay River , Santa Cruz province, Bolivia.
Nocadeth – spoken on the Aripuanã River , state of Amazonas.
Onicoré – between the mouths of the Manicoré River and Marmelos River , state of Amazonas.
Onoyóro – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Ortue – on Xarayes Lagoon (Pantanal ), Bolivia.
Papamiän – spoken on the São Simão River , Rondônia.
Paraparixami – between the Manicoré River and Aninde River , Amazonas.
Patiti – Rondônia territory on the Mequéns River.
Perovosan – south of the Xarayes Lagoon (Pantanal ), Bolivia.
Piapai – between the Jamachim River (Jamanxim River ) and Iriri River , state of Pará.
Sacosi – ancient Puerto de los Reyes , Bolivia.
Siberi – on Xarayes Lagoon (Pantanal ), Bolivia.
Socorino – Bolivia.
Surucosi – Bolivia.
Suruim – spoken on the right bank of the Machado River , Rondônia.
Tacunbiacu – between the Guapay River and the Chiquitos Plains , Bolivia.
Tamacosi – Guapay River near La Barranca, Santa Cruz province, Bolivia.
Tamararé – sources of the Juruena River and Galera River , Mato Grosso.
Tambaruré – Rondônia at the mouth of the Apaxoná River .
Tapacurá – Tapacurá-assú River , state of Pará.
Tarimoxi – language of an unknown tribe to the north of the Guratégaja tribe, Rondônia.
Tavúri – Paranaíba River , Mato Grosso.
Tevircacap – spoken on the right bank of the Pimenta Bueno River , Rondônia.
Tiboi – unknown language, exact location unknown, Bolivia.
Ticaõ or Tonore or Chikaõ – language of an unknown tribe on the right bank of the Culiseú River , a tributary of the Xingú River , Mato Grosso.
Tororí – right bank of the Madeira River north of the Parintintin tribe, state of Amazonas.
Tupiokón – unknown language spoken on the Paxiúba River , Mato Grosso.
Urucuai – Corumbiara River , Rondônia.
Xacuruina – Sangue River , Mato Grosso.
Xaquese – Puerto de los Reyes , Bolivia.
Xaray – Xarayes Lagoon (Pantanal ), Bolivia.
Yauei – left bank of the Madeira River across from the mouth of the Aripuanã River , state of Amazonas.
Zurina – mouth of the Mamoriá River , Amazonas.
South Central South America
Tropical South Central South America (Loukotka 1968: 178–179):
Alon – Huambo River, department of San Martín, Peru.
Amasifuin – right bank of the Huallaga River , Peru.
Ayacore – Curaray River , Loreto, Peru.
Becaba – department of Loreto near San Miguel, on the Putumayo River .
Bracamoro or Papamuru – near the city of Jaén , department of Cajamarca, Peru.
Chedua – department of San Martín on the Huambo River.
Chinchipe – department of Cajamarca on the Chinchipe River .
Monzón River and Chinchao River, department of Huánuco.Cognomona – Cognomona region on the upper course of the Huallaga River .
Comanahua – department of Huánuco by the neighbors of the Tepqui tribe.
Cumbazá or Belsano – between Santa Catalina and Yanayacu , department of San Martín.
Curizeta – Cosanga River , Loreto, Peru.
Eimi – language of an unknown tribe that lived on the Napo River , department of Loreto.
Ibabi Aniji – language of an unknown tribe of Peru. (Alvarez 1938)
Muzapa – by the neighbors of the Cognomona tribe in the department of San Martín.
Otecua – spoken on the Sucumbío River , Loreto.
Payanso – Chipurana River, Loreto.
Quidquidcana – department of Huánuco in the Magdalena Valley.
Sapeiné – language of an unknown tribe of the Napo River , Loreto.
Tepqui – Santa María River , Huánuco, Peru.
Tingán – spoken at the mouth of the Monzón River, Huánuco.
Tulumayo – Muna River , Azul River , and Aguaytia River , Huánuco.
Wau – language of an unknown tribe on the Coca River , Loreto.
Central South America
Tropical Central South America (Loukotka 1968: 196–198):
Aarufi – unknown language from the Quebrada de Oksikgnaná , territory of Caquetá, Colombia.
Acarapi – Parime River , territory of Rio Branco, Brazil.
Alarua – between the Japurá River and Auatí-Paraná River , Amazonas state.
Amoeca – language of an unknown tribe living on the Morarô River , state of Amazonas.
Aracadaini – Corodoá River and Aroá River (Arauã River ), tributaries of the Cunhuá River (Cuniuá River ), state of Amazonas.
Arda – between the Nanay River and the upper course of the Mazán River , Loreto, Peru.
Bauá – Motum River and Corneg River , Amazonas.
Cafuana – Japurá River south of the Wariwa tribe.
Capueni – between the Amazon River and Ixié River , Amazonas.
Caraguara – between the Amazon River and Lake Anama .
Carari – mouth of the Mucoin River (Mucum River ?), Amazonas.
Casigara – mouth of the Juruá River .
Cauacaua or Kawakawa – Japurá River .
Cauni – between the Juruá River and Jutaí River , Amazonas.
Caupuna – mouth of the Purus River .
Cumayari – spoken by an unknown tribe of the Cumayari region.
Curi – Curi region south of the Pariana tribe.
Curuzirari – between the mouths of the Juruá River and Tefé River .
Cuxiuára – right bank of the Purus River near the mouth.
Envuelto – language of an unknown tribe that lived on the Quebrada de Jirijirima , Caquetá territory, Colombia.
Guanarú – Juruá River , north of the Marawa tribe, Amazonas, Brazil.
Guyarabe – between the Amazon River and Auatí-Paraná River , Amazonas.
Itipuna – between the Juruá River and Jutaí River .
Jacariá – Abuna River , territory of Rondônia, Brazil.
Jaguanai – between the mouth of the Japurá River and the Zuana tribe, Rondônia.
Jarauára – unknown language of a tribe living on the Apituán River and Curiá River , tributaries of the Cataichi River , Amazonas.
Macuja – spoken by an unknown tribe on the Poré River , Amazonas.
Mamori – language of an unknown tribe on the Cunhuá River .
Mariman – spoken on the Riozinho River , tributary of the Cunhuá River .
Maripá – Tonantins River , Amazonas.
Maruquevene – between the mouths of the Japurá River and Auatí-Paraná River .
Masarari – south of the Jutaí River , Amazonas.
Mayu – unknown language spoken on the Jaquirana River , tributary of the Javari River, Amazonas.
Morua – Japurá River south of the Maruquevene tribe.
Nauna – Jutaí River south of the Marawa tribe.
Ñumasiara – unknown language spoken on the Giraparaná River and Canamari River .
Paguara – Tefé River .
Pariana – mouth of the Auatí-Paraná River , Amazonas.
Pauana – Cafua River , Amazonas.
Pocoana – between the Amazon River and Lake Maracaparu .
Taiguana – unknown language spoken in the Sierra Araracuára , Caquetá territory, Colombia.
Tamaní – unknown language spoken on the Quebrada de Tamaní in Caquetá territory, Colombia.
Tobachana – between the Juruá River and Juri River south of the Itipuna tribe, state of Amazonas.
Tucumanduba – spoken on the upper course of the Canacau River , a tributary of the Cunhuá River , Amazonas.
Uaia – Içá River west of the Passé tribe.
Uairua – between the Juruá River and Jaracui River .
Uauarate – Jutaí River north of the Catuquina tribe.
Yenmu – unknown language spoken on the Cure River , Amazonas territory, Colombia.
Yoemanai – right bank and at the mouth of the Purus River , Amazonas state, Brazil.
Yufiua – south of the Coeruna tribe on the Japurá River .
Zuana – Amazon River south of the mouth of the Cafua River , state of Amazonas.
Northeast South America
Tropical Northeast South America (Loukotka 1968: 228–230):
Amuimo – language of an unknown tribe that lived on the Nhamundá River , state of Amazonas.
Aramayu – Oiapoque River , Amapá territory, Brazil.
Ararau – unknown language spoken on the Jatapu River , state of Amazonas.
Aroasene – unknown language spoken at the sources of the Nhamundá River and Jatapu River , state of Amazonas.
Caapina – between the Maicuru River and Jari River , state of Pará.
Camare – Camoó River (Camaiú River ), a tributary of the Trombetas River , Amazonas.
Carara – sources of the Jatapu River , Amazonas.
Cauauri – south of the Curanave tribe, Amazonas.
Comanl – area north of Lake Saracó , state of Pará.
Coritanaho – Ajubacabo River , a tributary of the Trombetas River , state of Pará.
Curanave – west of the Negro River , Amazonas.
Curiane – language of a tribe the location of which is not known exactly.
Curierano – south of the sources of the Orinoco River , territory of Amazonas, Venezuela.
Curubianan – Urubu River and Jatapu River , Amazonas
Damanivá – spoken on the Igarapé do Pacú ; a tributary of the Caratirimani River and in the Serra do Urubu , Rio Branco territory.
Demacuri – spoken on the Caburi River (Cauaburi River ) near São Pedro, state of Amazonas.
Goyana – lower course of the Branco River , territory of Rio Branco.
Guanavena – between the Urubu River and Jatapu River , Amazonas.
Harritiahan – middle course of the Matapi River , Amapá territory.
Macuani – Oiapoque River , Amapá territory.
Maniba – unknown language spoken on the Inirida River and Pupunagua River , Vaupés territory, Colombia.
Maracano – unknown language spoken on the central part of Maracá Island , Rio Branco territory, Brazil.
Maricupi – lower course of the Montoura River , Amapá territory.
Menejou – middle course of the Jarí River , Amapá territory.
Mepuri – middle course of the Negro River , south of the Baré tribe, state of Amazonas.
Moheyana – language of an unknown tribe that lived between the Erepecurú River and Acapú River , state of Pará.
Oivaneca – Tartarugal River , Amapá territory, Brazil.
Pacimonari – lower course of the Siapa River , Amazonas territory, Venezuela.
Pao – Pao River , state of Monagas, Venezuela.
Paragoaru – Capó River .
Seden – between the Negro River and Uatumã River , Amazonas.
Taminani – Uaçá River and Curupi River (Curapi River ), Amapá territory. All of the last survivors now speak only a French creole dialect.
Tapuisú – mouth of the Maicurú River , Amapá territory.
Taripio – unknown language of an unknown tribe that lived to the north of the Rangú tribe in the frontier area of the Brazilian state of Pará and Dutch Guiana.
Tchagoyána – unknown language spoken between the Erepecurú River and Acapú River , state of Pará.
Tchicoyna – unknown language spoken in the state of Pará, on the Cuátari River .
Tohazana – Venezuela.
Uranaju – middle course of the Araguari River , Amapá.
Waruwádu – language of an unknown tribe that lived between the Ventuari River and Erebato River , state of Bolívar; Venezuela.
Xipará – between the Urubu River and Jatapu River , state of Amazonas.
Northern Andes
Northern Andean region (Loukotka 1968: 259):
Chirú – southwest of the Coiba tribe, Panama.
Santiago, Panama .Guenta – department of Huila, Colombia.
Masaya – sources of the Caguán River , north of the Guaque tribe.
Natá – on Parita Bay , Panama.
Otegua – department of Huila, Colombia.
Urraca or Esquegua – north of the modern city of Cañazas , Panama.
Yeral – unknown language of Colombia, exact location unknown. South Central Andean region (Loukotka 1968: 272–273):
Angara – ancient Inca province of Angara , department of Ayacucho, Peru.
Arequipa – department of Arequipa .
Atavila – ancient province of Canta , department of Lima.
Cachipuna – Puna de Quillpaco , department of Lima.
Cajamarca – around the city of Cajamarca .
Cajatambo – around the city of Cajatambo , department of Lima.
Camana or Maje – Majes River , Arequipa department.
Cavana – middle course of the Majes River , department of Arequipa.
Chachapoya – around the city of Chachapoya , Amazonas department, Peru. (Bandelier 1940, only a few toponyms.)
Chancay – Chancay River, department of Lima.
Chicha – Cordillera de Chorolque , Potosí province, Bolivia.
Chincha – Chincha River in the department of Ica.
Chongo – near the city of Jauja , Junín department.
Chucurpu or Chocorvo – spoken in the Conquest days at the sources of the Churchinga River , Huancavelica department.
Conchuco – around the city of Pomabamba , department of Ancash.
Cutervo or Huambo – sources of the Chancay River, department of Junín.
Huacho – around the city of Huacho , Lima department.
Huamachi – on Chongos Alto , department of Junín.
Huamachuco – Condebamba River, department of Libertad.
Huamalí – Panao River, Huánuco department.
Huamanga – Peru.
Huambuco – Chinchipe River , Amazonas department.
Huanca or Wanka – Mantaro River , Junín department, now Quechuanized.
Huayla – middle course of the Santa River , Ancash department, now Quechuanized.
Hunacabamba – Chamaya River , Piura department.
Ica – Ica River , Ica department.
Lampa – Pativilca River, Ancash department.
Llamish – department of Lima in the Cordillera de Huantán .
Mizque – Mizque River , Cochabamba province, Bolivia; now Quechuanized.
Moquegua – department of Moquegua , Peru; possibly a dialect of Aymara.
Moyobamba – around the city of Moyobamba , San Martín department; now Quechuanized.
Nazca – mouth of the Grande River, Ica department.
Ocro – sources of the Santa River , Ancash department.
Pocra – Peru.
Rimac – spoken in the Conquest days around the capital of Peru, Lima.
Rucana – near Andamarca , Ayacucho department.
Sipisipi – Peru.
Sora – Pampas River , Apurimac department.
Supe – Huaura River, department of Lima.
Tanquihua – around the city of Ayacucho , department of Ayacucho.
Tarapaca – province of Tarapacá, Chile.
Tomata – near the city of Tupiza , Potosí province, Bolivia.
Tomina – between the Mizque River and Pilcomayo River , Chuquisaca province, Bolivia; now Quechuanized.
Tutura – around the city of Totora , Cochabamba province, Bolivia; now Quechuanized.
Yampará – middle course of the Pilcomayo River , Chuquisaca province, Bolivia.
Yauyo – department of Lima, Peru, on the Mala River and Huaco River.
Ethnologue
Ethnologue
However, Glottolog states that Agavotaguerra is not unclassified, but unattested; the only reports are that the Agavotaguerra speak Yawalapiti .
In addition, Ethnologue classifies Aikanã , Uamué and Xukurú , all of Brazil as isolates, but they are too poorly attested to classify.
Additional languages at Glottolog
Apoto[ 12]
Cálenche (Cálen) = Fayjatases[ 13]
Envuelto[ 14]
Guachipa(s)[ 15] Guachipas , Argentina, 3 words, Viegas Barros (2009)
Guaicaro (Guaïcaro) - Chile, possibly AlacalufanHoxa[ 16]
Pacahuaras-Castillo[ 17] Pacaguara , collected by Castillo
Payaya - TexasPitaguary[ 18]
Quepo(s)[ 19] Quepos , Costa Rica, 1 word, Lehmann (1920:238)
Tapajó - 3 wordsTembey[ 20]
Unainuman[ 21]
Urucucú(s)[ 22]
Yanacona [ 23]
Other
Some additional languages have not made in into the lists above.[ 24]
Boreal Pehuelche - Argentina, 1 word (apparently not the same as Puelche )
Cabixi [ 25] Kabixí ' is a generic name for any hostile group, and has been used for a number of unattested languages. An ISO code for it (xbx) has been retired.Enoo - Chile, a few words (a neighbor of the Alacalufe )
Gamela of Viana - Maranhão, Brazil, 19 words (Nimendajú 1937:64) - presumably the same as Gamela
See also
Brazil
Further reading
Durbin, M.; Seijas, H. (1973). A Note on Panche, Pijao, Pantagora (Palenque), Colima and Muzo. International Journal of American Linguistics, 39:47-51.
References
^ Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide . Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. [ISBN missing
^ Loukotka, Čestmír. 1968. Classification of South American Indian Languages Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA.
^ Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. The Languages of the Andes . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [ISBN missing
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Colima" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Idabaez" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Isolado do Tanaru [aka Isolado do Buraco] at the Endangered Languages Project .^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kantarure" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Muzo" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Panche" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Querandi" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Quillacinga" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Apoto" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Fayjatases" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Envuelto" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Guachipas" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Hoxa" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pacahuaras-Castillo" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pitaguary" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Quepos" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tembey" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Unainuman" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Urucucús" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yanacona" . Glottolog 3.0 ^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-31. Retrieved 2018-12-31 .{{cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "List of unclassified languages of South America" . Glottolog 3.0
