List of extinct cycad genera
Numerous genera of extinct cycads are known, dating variously to geological periods from the Permian to the Cretaceous .[ 1]
Alphabetical list
Amuriella Late Jurassic, Russian Far East (leaf fragments)
Androstrobus Triassic to Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
Antarcticycas Middle Triassic, Antarctica (known from the whole plant)[ 2]
?Anthrophyopsis Late Triassic, worldwide (leaf form genus, possibly a pteridospermatophyte )[ 3]
Apoldia Triassic-Jurassic, Europe
Archaeocycas Early Permian, Texas (leaf with sporophylls)
Aricycas Late Triassic, Arizona (leaf form genus)
Beania (=Sphaereda ), Triassic to Jurassic, Europe & Central Asia (leaf form genus)
Behuninia Late Jurassic, Colorado & Utah (fruiting structures)
Bucklandia Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Europe and India (leaf form genus)
Bureja Late Jurassic, Russia
Bjuvia Late Permian to Jurassic, Europe & North America[ 4]
Cavamonocolpites Early Cretaceous, Brazil (pollen)
Crossozamia Early to Late Permian, China (leaf form genus)
Ctenis Mesozoic-Paleogene, Worldwide (leaf form genus)
Ctenozamites Triassic-Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
Cycadenia Triassic, Pennsylvania (trunks)
Cycadinorachis Late Jurassic, India (rachis)
Fascisvarioxylon Late Jurassic, India (petrified wood)
Gymnovulites , Latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene, India (seed)
Heilungia , Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, Russia & Alaska (leaf form genus)
Leptocycas Late Triassic, North Carolina & China (known from the whole plant)[ 5]
Mesosingeria , Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Antarctica & Argentina (leaf form genus)
Michelilloa , Late Triassic, Argentina (stem)
?Nikania , Early Cretaceous, Russia (leaf fragments)
?Nilssonia , Middle Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus) (possibly not a cycad)[ 6]
?Nilssoniocladus , Early to Late Cretaceous, United States & Russia (stems, likely associated with Nilssonia , possibly deciduous )[ 7]
Palaeozamia , Middle Jurassic, England
Paracycas , Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Europe and Central Asia
?Phasmatocycas , Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, Kansas, Texas & New Mexico (leaf with sporophylls)[ 8]
Pleiotrichium , Late Cretaceous, Germany (leaf)
Pseudoctenis , Late Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
Sarmatiella , Late Triassic, Ukraine
Stangerites , Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, Virginia and Mexico (leaf form genus)
Sueria , Early Cretaceous, Argentina (leaf)
Taeniopteris , Carboniferous to Cretaceous, worldwide (polyphyletic leaf form genus, also includes bennettitales and marattialean ferns)
References
^ "PBDB" . paleobiodb.org . Retrieved 2024-03-16 .
^ Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N. (January 2009). "Morphology and ecology of the Antarcticycas plant". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 153 (1– 2): 108– 123. Bibcode :2009RPaPa.153..108H . doi :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.07.005 .
^ Xu, Yuanyuan; Popa, Mihai Emilian; Zhang, Tingshan; Lu, Ning; Zeng, Jianli; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Li, Liqin; Wang, Yongdong (2021-09-01). "Re-appraisal of Anthrophyopsis (Gymnospermae): New material from China and global fossil records" . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 292 : 104475. Bibcode :2021RPaPa.29204475X . doi :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104475 . {{cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link )
^ Flores-Barragan, Miguel Angel; Velasco-de Leon, María Patricia (September 2021). "New records of Bjuvia and Nilssonia from the Permian of Mexico" (PDF) . Palaeontologia Electronica .
^ Zhang, Jian-Wei; Yao, Jian-Xin; Chen, Jia-Rui; Li, Cheng-Sen (2010-05-25). "A new species of Leptocycas (Zamiaceae) from the Upper Triassic sediments of Liaoning Province, China" . Journal of Systematics and Evolution . 48 (4): 286– 301. Bibcode :2010JSyEv..48..286Z . doi :10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00079.x .
^ Vajda, Vivi; Pucetaite, Milda; McLoughlin, Stephen; Engdahl, Anders; Heimdal, Jimmy; Uvdal, Per (August 2017). "Molecular signatures of fossil leaves provide unexpected new evidence for extinct plant relationships" . Nature Ecology & Evolution . 1 (8): 1093– 1099. Bibcode :2017NatEE...1.1093V . doi :10.1038/s41559-017-0224-5 . PMID 29046567 . S2CID 3604369 .
^ Spicer, Robert A.; Herman, Alexey B. (1996-05-01). "Nilssoniocladus in the Cretaceous Arctic: new species and biological insights" . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 92 (3): 229– 243. Bibcode :1996RPaPa..92..229S . doi :10.1016/0034-6667(95)00111-5 .
^ Axsmith, Brian J.; Serbet, Rudolph; Krings, Michael; Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Mamay, Sergius H. (2003). "The Enigmatic Paleozoic plants Spermopteris and Phasmatocycas reconsidered" . American Journal of Botany . 90 (11): 1585– 1595. Bibcode :2003AmJB...90.1585A . doi :10.3732/ajb.90.11.1585 . PMID 21653333 .