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Kosmos 111
	Kosmos 111 is identical in design with Luna 10
Mission type	Lunar orbiter
Operator	Soviet space program
COSPAR ID	1966-017A
SATCAT no.	2093
Mission duration	2 days
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	E-6S
Manufacturer	GSMZ Lavochkin
Launch mass	6540 kg
Dry mass	1580 kg
Start of mission
Launch date	1 March 1966, 11:03:49 GMT
Rocket	Molniya-M
Launch site	Baikonur 31/6
End of mission
Disposal	Launch failure
Decay date	3 March 1966
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	182 km
Apogee altitude	194 km
Inclination	51.9°
Period	88.6 minutes
Epoch	1 March 1966
	Luna programme ← Luna 9 Luna 10 → Kosmos (satellites) ← Kosmos 110 Kosmos 112 →

Kosmos 111 (Russian: Космос 111 meaning Cosmos 111), E-6S No.204,^[3] was the first Soviet attempt to orbit a spacecraft around the Moon. The design was similar to the future successful Luna 10 spacecraft.^[4] Kosmos 111 was produced in less than a month, one of two spacecraft developed from the E-6 lander bus in a crash program to upstage America's Lunar Orbiter series and to commemorate the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), held in March 1966.^[5]

Spacecraft

Kosmos 111 was designated an E-6S spacecraft, consisting of an E-6 bus attached to a cylindrical pressurized 245 kg lunar orbiter module. It was 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) tall and 75 centimetres (2.46 ft) in diameter at the base. The main propulsion systems for lunar orbit insertion were on the bus, and the science payload was carried on the orbiter module. The payload comprised seven instruments: a gamma-ray spectrometer for energies between 0.3–3 MeV, a triaxial magnetometer (on the end of a 1.5-meter boom), a piezoelectric micrometeoroid detector, instruments for solar-plasma studies, devices for measuring infrared emissions from the Moon, low energy X-ray detectors, and a bank of charged particle detectors. Additionally, the radio system can be used for gravitational and radio occultation studies. The lunar orbiting module was battery-powered and communications were via 183 MHz and 922 MHz aerials.^[1]

Scientific instruments

Seven scientific instruments:^[6]

Magnetometer
Gamma-ray spectrometer
Five gas-discharge counters
Two ion traps and a charged particle trap
Piezoelectric micrometer detector
Infrared detector
Low-energy X-ray photon counters

Mission

This mission was intended to orbit the Moon and was configured identically to the future Luna 10 mission (1966-027A). It was launched on 1 March 1966 at 11:03:49 GMT via Molniya 8K78M s/n U15000-50 rocket from Site 31/6^[3] into Earth parking orbit, but the Blok-L upper stage lost roll control and failed to fire the spacecraft into a lunar trajectory. It had a perigee of 182 kilometres (113 mi), an apogee of 194 kilometres (121 mi), an inclination of 51.9°, and an orbital period of 88.6 minutes.^[2] It was designated Kosmos 111 and reentered two days after launch, on 3 March 1966.

The craft weighed 6,540 kilograms (14,420 lb) and was not immediately acknowledged to be a Luna vehicle after its destruction.^[4] The official Soviet media named the stranded satellite Kosmos 111.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b "Cosmos 111: Display 1966-017A". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ ^a ^b "Cosmos 111: Trajectory 1966-017A". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b Baker, David (1996). Spaceflight and Rocketry. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc. pp. [1]. ISBN 0-8160-1853-7.
^ "Kosmos 111 (Luna)". NASA. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). "Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016" (PDF). NASA.