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Killeeshil ambush
	Part of the Troubles and Operation Banner
	; Killeeshil crossroads, the site of the ambush
Date	15 July 1994
Location	Killeeshil, County Tyrone54°29′22″N 6°56′20″W / 54.48944°N 6.93889°W
Result	IRA victory
Belligerents
Provisional IRA; • East Tyrone Brigade	United Kingdom; • RUC
Strength
1 active service unit ; 1 technical vehicle	1 mobile patrol
Casualties and losses
None	3 wounded; 1 vehicle disabled
	2 civilians wounded
	class=notpageimage\| Location within Northern Ireland

The Killeeshil ambush took place on 15 July 1994, when an armour plated vehicle of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) was intercepted by a tipper lorry driven by a Provisional IRA active service unit from the East Tyrone Brigade and riddled with automatic rifle fire while travelling on the Dungannon Road at Killeeshil crossroads, in southern County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Three members of the RUC were wounded, as well as a Sinn Fein councillor from Clones, Republic of Ireland, who by chance had been arrested earlier at the Irish border and was being transported to Belfast. An elderly female motorist was also wounded. The action occurred a few weeks before the IRA ceasefire of August 1994.

Background

Expectations regarding a Provisional IRA permanent ceasefire were high by mid-1994; that decision would have the potential of moving the political process forward, which could lead to an everlasting peace in the region. The situation on the ground, however, revealed that the IRA was in a state of “high alert”, quizzing the experts on whether the IRA was bracing for a new phase in their military campaign or preparing to end the game from a position of force.^[1] The mood was dampened not only by the continuing cycle of violence, but also by the prevalent skepticism among republicans, especially those from Sinn Fein, the political wing of the IRA. The Downing Street Declaration had proved to be incapable of convincing the IRA to stop violence.^[2] In east and south County Tyrone meanwhile, the IRA East Tyrone Brigade, after taking heavy casualties in the previous years, was compelled since 1992 to change tactics, relying mostly on barrack buster mortar attacks on British security bases in the region.^[3] There were also a number of shootings on security facilities such as at Dungannon (June 1992),^[4] Omagh (December 1992),^[5] Killymeal (May 1993)^[6] or Aughnacloy (May 1994)^[7] as well as on RUC/British Army patrols in Cookstown (June 1992)^[8]^[9] and Pomeroy (August 1992).^[10] The most notable of these incidents was a double ambush that took place in Fivemiletown on 12 December 1993, when two RUC constables were killed and a British Army Lynx helicopter shot at in the aftermath.^[11]

Previous incident: Pat Treanor’s arrest

On 15 July 1994, Pat Treanor, a farmer and Sinn Fein councillor for Clones, a town near the Irish border between County Monaghan and County Fermanagh, was showing a cross-border road blocked with concrete bollards by the British Army to two Swedish journalists when he was arrested by the RUC.^[12] Republican sources claim that Treanor and his guests were caught by a party of three British soldiers and an RUC officer at Lackey Bridge, a border crossing point, approximately at 10:30 p.m.^[13] Treanor was taken in custody to Belfast to be questioned about terrorist offenses,^[14] while the Swedish journalists were escorted back to the southern side of the border by British troops.^[13] The journalists, a reporter and a cameraman, waited for Treanor in vain, and were eventually scared away by British soldiers training their weapons on them.^[13]

IRA ambush

Unaware of Treanor's arrest, an IRA team had been in the meantime lurking at Killeeshil crossroads since 8:30 a.m., waiting for information from other units placed along Dungannon Road about any RUC mobile patrol travelling from Ballygawley to Dungannon. The militants held a nearby house overlooking the route for five hours to use it as a base for their attack.^[15] Some 15 hours earlier, the IRA had hijacked a tipper lorry at Sixmilecross and adapted it to be use as a technical to ambush a security forces vehicle.^[16] Right after midday, the lorry was moved to the roadside of Dungannon Road.^[16] Once the RUC vehicle, an armour plated Vauxhall Cavalier, was identified, the lorry overtook the car, while at least two masked IRA men, shielded by the tipper body, opened up with automatic rifles.^[15]^[17]^[16] Up to 20 shots were fired at the RUC vehicle, hitting the Cavalier on the sides and the roof.^[16] One of the constables fired back, but scored no hits. One constable was wounded in the back, another in the side and a third in an arm. Pat Treanor was injured in a hand. The driver of the RUC car lost control, and it smashed into a civilian vehicle; a female motorist in her fifties was hurt in her shoulders.^[16]^[12]^[18] The incident also involved other three civilian vehicles; a coach with 50 Scottish tourists aboard, heading for the ferry at Larne, a car driven by two Dutch tourists and another belonging to a locally resident Chinese citizen. All of them were struck by bullets and splinters during the shootout, but there were no further injuries.^[12] The IRA men got away unscathed on the tipper lorry.^[16]^[17]

Aftermath

The shootout at Killeeshil increased the pessimism and uncertainty about the chances of an IRA ceasefire.^[12]^[19] The IRA ambush was described as “indiscriminate, foolhardy and mad” by local SLDP councillor Anthony McGonnell, who stressed that “It was an absolute miracle that nobody was murdered”.^[12] Two of the RUC constables wounded in the incident were airlifted to Musgrave Park Hospital in Belfast, while the remainder injured were taken to the South Tyrone Hospital at Dungannon. The lorry was abandoned by the IRA unit in a hilly area a few miles away.^[17] An RUC statement reports that an improvised grenade launcher and a grenade were found in the follow-up operation.^[20] Pat Treanor was released from custody on 21 July 1994, and, on 31 August, he was granted a U.S. visa along with veteran IRA leader Joe Cahill.^[21] The same day, a Provisional IRA "permanent" ceasefire came into force at 12:00 p.m.^[2]

References

^ O´Brien, Brendan (1999). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Fein. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. p. 313. ISBN 0815605978.
^ ^a ^b O´Brien, Brendan (1999), p. 317
^ Trigg, Jonathan (2023-04-20). Death in the Fields: The IRA in East Tyrone. Merrion Press. ISBN 978-1-78537-444-9.
^ "Shots fired". Mid-Ulster Mail. 26 June 1992. p. 26.
^ "'Naive' terrorist jailed for 12 years". Belfast Newsletter. 3 February 1994. p. 10.
^ "Month in Focus", Police Beat, Volume 15 No. 6, Police Federation for Northern Ireland, 1993
^ "Gun atttack on checkpoint", Evening Herald, 28 May 1994, p.6.
^ "Gun Battle", Mid-Ulster Mail, 25 June 1992, p. 12.
^ "North Young Flees Gunmen". Evening Herald. 23 June 1992.
^ Paget, Julian (2000-09-11). Second to None: The History of the Coldstream Guards, 1650–2000. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78337-939-2.
^ Taylor, Steven (2018-06-30). Air War Northern Ireland: Britain's Air Arms and the 'Bandit Country' of South Armagh, Operation Banner 1969–2007. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-5267-2155-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e McKittrick, David (1994-07-15). "Sinn Fein politician caught in IRA gunfire". The Independent. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c "IRA Ambush RUC After Councillor's Arrest". ulib.iupuidigital.org. The Irish People. 23 July 1994. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
^ “Five injured in Ulster terrorist ambush”, Aberdeen Press and Journal, 16 July 1994, p. 7
^ ^a ^b “Five injured in IRA squad ambush”, Western Daily Press, 16 July 1994, p.8
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "3 RUC officers wounded in Tyrone ambush". indianamemory.contentdm.oclc.org. The Irish People. 30 July 1994. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c “RUC men hurt in car ambush”, Belfast News Letter, 16 July 1994, p. 3
^ “Sinn Fein man shot”, Irish Independent, 16 July 1994, p. 1
^ "Deadlock speculation off course". Belfast News Letter. 18 July 1994. p. 4.
^ “IRA launcher recovered after ambush”, Sunday Life, 17 July 1994, p. 11
^ “Visa for Cahill”, Belfast Newsletter, 31 August 1994, p. 5