Active service unit

An active service unit (ASU; Irish: aonad seirbhíse cogúla)^[1]^[2] was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) cell of four to ten members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks.^[3] In 2002, the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.^[4] The concept was first pioneered by Tom McEllistrim and other members of the Irish Republican Army.

History

In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the battalion structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary members for support activities such as intelligence-gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.^[5]

The bulk of attacks from 1977 onwards were the responsibility of a second type of unit, the ASU. To improve security and operational capacity these ASUs were smaller, tight-knit cells, usually consisting of five to eight members, for carrying out armed attacks. The ASU's weapons were controlled by a quartermaster under the direct control of the IRA leadership.^[6] By the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was estimated that the IRA had roughly 300 members in ASUs and approximately 450 serving in supporting roles.^[7]

The exception to this reorganisation was the South Armagh Brigade which retained its traditional hierarchy and battalion structure and used relatively large numbers of volunteers in its actions.^[8] Some operations, like the attack on Cloghogue checkpoint or the South Armagh sniper squads, involved as many as 20 volunteers, most of them in supporting roles.^[9]

The smaller Republican paramilitary organisation the INLA also used the term "active service unit,^[10] as did the Loyalist paramilitary groups the Ulster Volunteer Force^[11] and Ulster Defence Association.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "Achtanna Den Oireachtas a Ritheadh Sa Bhlia[i]n ...: 1937". Stationery Office. 8 March 1937 – via Google Books.
^ "Ní Neart go cur le Chéile | An Phoblacht". www.anphoblacht.com.
^ Leahy, Thomas (2020). The Intelligence War against the IRA. Cambridge University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-1108487504.
^ Moloney, Ed (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. Penguin Books. pp. xiv. ISBN 0-14-101041-X.
^ O'Hearn, page 19
^ Bowyer Bell Page 437
^ O'Brien, p.161
^ Moloney, p.377
^ Harnden, Toby (2000). Bandit Country:The IRA and South Armagh. Coronet books. pp. 404. ISBN 0-340-71737-8.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ "Statement by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), (3 May 2007)". CAIN. Retrieved 11 August 2020.

Bibliography

O'Hearn, Denis. Bobby Sands: Nothing but an Unfinished Song, Pluto, ISBN 0-7453-2572-6
Bell, J. Bowyer. The Secret Army - The IRA, 1997 3rd Edition, ISBN 1-85371-813-0
Moloney Ed, The Secret History of the IRA, Penguin, London 2002, ISBN 0-14-101041-X
O'Brien. Brendan, The Long War - The IRA and Sinn Féin. O'Brien Press, Dublin 1995, ISBN 0-86278-359-3
ASUs in the Irish War of Independence

Provisional Irish Republican Army

General

Organisation

Actions

1970–1979	Battle of St Matthew's Falls Curfew 1970 Crossmaglen bombing Scottish soldiers' killings Red Lion bombing Balmoral showroom bombing Abercorn bombing Donegall Street bombing Battle at Springmartin Battle of Lenadoon Bloody Friday Claudy bombing Newry customs bombing Old Bailey bombing Honey Trap killings King's Cross & Euston bombings Coleraine bombings 1973 Westminster bombing M62 bombing Clogher attack Houses of Parliament bombing Tower of London bombing Guildford pub bombings Harrow School bombing Brooks's Club bombing Woolwich pub bombing British Airways bombing attempt Birmingham pub bombings London pillar box bombings Talbot Arms bombing Bristol bombing Telephone exchange bombings 1974 Oxford Street bombing Carlton Tower & Portman Hotel shootings Mountainview attack Bayardo Bar attack Forkhill attack Caterham Arms bombing Tullyvallen massacre London Hilton bombing Piccadilly bombing Trattoria Fiore bombing Scott's Oyster Bar bombing Walton's Restaurant bombing Drummuckavall ambush Balcombe Street siege Kingsmill massacre West Ham station attack Olympia bombing Store bar shooting Stag Inn attack Garryhinch ambush Jonesborough Gazelle downing La Mon restaurant bombing Crossmaglen ambush Warrenpoint ambush Brussels bombing Dungannon attack
1980–1989	Dunmurry train bombing Lough Foyle attacks Glasdrumman ambush 1981 Bessbrook attack Chelsea Barracks bombing Hyde Park & Regent's Park bombings Harrods bombing Royal Artillery Barracks bombing Brighton hotel bombing Ballygawley land mine attack Newry mortar attack Ballygawley attack Enniskillen mortar attack RUC Birches barracks attack Rheindahlen bombing Loughgall ambush Operation Flavius Corporals killings Lisburn bombing Aughanduff Lynx shootdown 1988 Netherlands attacks Glamorgan barracks bombing Inglis Barracks bombing Ballygawley bus bombing Jonesborough ambush Clive Barracks bombing Deal barracks bombing Mayobridge attack Derryard attack
1990–1991	Derrygorry Gazelle downing South Armagh sniper Downpatrick roadside bomb Operation Conservation 1990 Wembley bombing Carlton Club bombing London Stock Exchange bombing Honourable Artillery Company bombing Lichfield gun attack RFA Fort Victoria bombing Proxy bombings Downing Street mortar attack Paddington & Victoria station bombings Mullacreevie ambush Glenanne barracks bombing Coagh ambush Musgrave Park Hospital bombing Crumlin Road Prison bombing
1992–1997	Teebane bombing Clonoe ambush London Bridge bombing Staples Cnr bombing Baltic Exchange bombing Sussex Arms bombing Cloghoge attack Coalisland riots Forensic Science Laboratory bombing Stoke Newington Road bomb 1992 Manchester bombing Night of the Long Knives 1993 Harrods bombing Warrington bombings Cullaville occupation Camden bombing Bishopsgate bombing Finchley Road bombings Battle of Newry Road Shankill Road bombing 1993 Fivemiletown ambush Heathrow attacks Crossmaglen Lynx downing Drumcree conflict Docklands bombing Aldwych bus bombing 1996 Manchester bombing Hammersmith Bridge bombing Osnabrück mortar attack Thiepval barracks bombing Coalisland attack 1997 Northern Ireland riots

Personalities
(Volunteers)

Espionage and
Supergrasses

Eamon Collins
Denis Donaldson
Joseph Fenton
Kevin Fulton
Raymond Gilmour
Martin McGartland
Sean O'Callaghan
Freddie Scappaticci (allegedly "Stakeknife")

Associates

Derivatives

Prominent
killings

Read other articles:

Kesha

KeshaKesha pada tahun 2019LahirKesha Rose Sebert1 Maret 1987 (umur 37)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanPenyanyi, pencipta lagu, rapperKota asalNashville, Tennessee, Amerika SerikatOrang tuaPebe Sebert (ibu)Karier musikGenre Synth-pop EDM pop elektro pop dansa rock Tahun aktif2005–sekarangLabel RCA Kemosabe Artis terkait Flo Rida Pitbull Dolly Parton Macklemore Zedd Eagles of Death Metal Situs webkeshaofficial.com Kesha Rose Sebert atau dikenal dengan Kesha (/ˈkɛ...

فلاديمير غلوتوف

فلاديمير غلوتوف معلومات شخصية الميلاد 23 يناير 1937(1937-01-23) الوفاة سنة 1981 جمهورية روسيا الاتحادية الاشتراكية السوفيتية مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية الاتحاد السوفيتي المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 1960–1966 دينامو موسكو 146 (2) المنتخب الوطني 1963–1964 الاتحاد السوفيتي 5 ...

Osceola, Iowa

Not to be confused with Osceola County, Iowa. City in Iowa, United StatesOsceola, IowaCityLocation of Osceola, IowaCoordinates: 41°01′46″N 93°47′03″W / 41.02944°N 93.78417°W / 41.02944; -93.78417CountryUnited StatesStateIowaCountyClarkeGovernment • MayorThomas J. Kedley • City AdministratorTy WheelerArea[1] • Total7.60 sq mi (19.68 km2) • Land7.26 sq mi (18.81 km2) �...

Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

Untuk kedua layanan kereta api milik PT Kereta Api Indonesia, lihat Kereta api Argo Bromo Anggrek dan Kereta api Argo Semeru. Taman NasionalBromo Tengger SemeruIUCN Kategori II (Taman Nasional)TN Bromo Tengger SemeruLetak di JawaLetakJawa Timur, IndonesiaKota terdekatPasuruan, Malang, Lumajang ProbolinggoKoordinat7°55′30″S 112°57′00″E / 7.92500°S 112.95000°E / -7.92500; 112.95000Koordinat: 7°55′30″S 112°57′00″E / 7.92500°S 112.950...

XPoSat

Indian space observatory Not to be confused with IXPE. X-ray Polarimeter SatelliteX-ray Polarimeter satellite (XPoSat) in deployed configurationNamesXPoSatMission typeSpace observatoryOperatorISROCOSPAR ID2024-001A SATCAT no.58694Websitewww.isro.gov.in/XPoSat.htmlMission durationPlanned : 5 years Elapsed : 3 months, 27 days [1] Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraftX-ray Polarimeter SatelliteBusModified IMS-2[2]ManufacturerRaman Research Institute U R Rao Satellit...

Sundancer

For other uses, see Sundancer (disambiguation). SundancerConcept art of the Sundancer moduleStation statisticsCrew3 (1)Launchnever launched(2,3)Mission statusCancelledMass8,618.4 kg (19,000 lb) (1)Length8.7 m (28.5 ft) (4)Diameter6.3 m (20.7 ft) (4)Pressurised volume180 m3 (6,357 cu ft) (1)Orbital inclination40.0 degrees (1)Typical orbit altitude463 km (288 mi) (1)References:1,[1] 2,[2] 3,[3] 4[4] Sund...

José Gaspar

Mythical Spanish pirate For the Spanish footballer, see José Gaspar (footballer). José Gaspar as illustrated in the 1900 brochure José Gaspar, also known by his nickname Gasparilla (supposedly lived c. 1756 – 1821), is a fictional Spanish pirate who terrorized the Gulf of Mexico from his base in southwest Florida during Florida's second Spanish period (1783 to 1821). Though details about his early life, motivations, and piratical exploits differ in various tellings, they agree that the '...

Shinji Hashimoto

Japanese game producer (born 1958) Shinji Hashimoto橋本真司Hashimoto in 2015Born (1958-05-24) May 24, 1958 (age 65)Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, JapanAlma materKomazawa UniversityOccupationVideo game producerYears active1995–2022Employer(s)Square (1995–2003)Square Enix (2003–2022)Sony Music Entertainment Japan (2022–present)TitleSenior Advisor Shinji Hashimoto (橋本真司, Hashimoto Shinji, born May 24, 1958) is a Japanese former game producer at Square Enix and current...

Campionato francese di tennis 1922

Campionato francese di tennis 1922 Sport Tennis Data ? - 11 giugno Edizione 27a Categoria Grande Slam (ITF) Località Parigi Campioni Singolare maschile Henri Cochet Singolare femminile Suzanne Lenglen Doppio maschile Jacques Brugnon / Marcel Dupont Doppio femminile Suzanne Lenglen / Geramine Pigueron Doppio misto Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon 1921 1923 Il Campionato francese di tennis 1922 (conosciuto oggi come Open di Francia o Roland Garros) è stato la 27ª edizione del Campionato fr...

Cuban Pacification Medal (Army)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cuban Pacification Medal Army – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) AwardCuban Pacification Medal (Army)TypeService medalAwarded forService in the Cuban PacificationPresented byDepartment o...

الدوري الفرنسي 1953–54

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) الدوري الفرنسي 1953–54 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري الفرنسي النسخة 16 البلد فرنسا التاريخ بداية:23 أغسطس 195...

Barracuda Lounge

Gay bar in Manhattan, New York, U.S. BarracudaLogoThe bar's entrance in June 2021Address275 West 22nd StreetLocationChelsea, Manhattan, New York, USCoordinates40°44′41″N 73°59′54″W / 40.7446°N 73.9983°W / 40.7446; -73.9983Public transit 23rd Street station (C and E trains) 23rd Street station (1 train) 23rd Street station (PATH train) OwnerBob PontarelliTypeGay barOpenedOctober 1995 (1995-10) Barracuda Lounge, or simply Barr...

National Police Service (Bulgaria)

Law enforcement agency National Police ServiceНационална ПолицияLogo of the National PoliceCommon nameПолиция / PoliceAbbreviationGDNPAgency overviewFormed1925Preceding agencyPeople's MilitiaEmployees53114 officersAnnual budget$1,103,492,490Jurisdictional structureOperations jurisdictionBulgariaGeneral natureCivilian policeOperational structureHeadquartersSofia, BulgariaElected officer responsibleKalin Stoyanov, Minister of InteriorAgency executiveSenior Commissio...

Подгаевка

СелоПодгаевка 49°00′33″ с. ш. 39°40′47″ в. д.HGЯO Страна Россия Субъект Федерации Ростовская область Муниципальный район Миллеровский Сельское поселение Титовское История и география Часовой пояс UTC+3:00 Название жителей подгаевцы Цифровые идентификаторы Телефо...

Henry VI, Part 3

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Henry VI, Part 3 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1591 play by Shakespeare First page of The third Part of Henry the Sixt, with the death of the Duke of Yorke from the First Folio (1623) He...

Stade Vélodrome

Vous lisez un « bon article » labellisé en 2010. Pour l’article homonyme, voir Vélodrome. Stade VélodromeUEFA GénéralitésNom complet Orange VélodromeAdresse 3 boulevard Michelet 13008 Marseille, FranceConstruction et ouvertureDébut de construction 28 avril 1935Construction 1935-1937Ouverture 13 juin 1937 (87 ans)Architecte Henri Ploquin (1937)Jean-Pierre Buffi (1998)SCAU (2014)Extension 1971, 1983, 1998 et 2014UtilisationClubs résidents Olympique de Marseille(depu...

Ben Broeders

Belgian pole vaulter (born 1995) Ben BroedersOLYBen Broeders in 2014Personal informationBorn (1995-06-21) 21 June 1995 (age 29)Leuven, BelgiumEducationDaring Club Leuven AtletiekRotterdam AtletiekHeight1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Weight75 kg (165 lb)Life partnerFemke Bol[1]SportSportAthleticsEventPole vaultCoached bySteven Taeleman Ben Broeders OLY (born 21 June 1995) is a Belgian athlete specialising in the pole vault.[2] He won the gold medal at the 2017...

Andrej Grigor'evič Kravčenko

Andrej Grigor'evič KravčenkoNascitaSulymivka, 30 novembre 1899 MorteMosca, 18 ottobre 1963 Dati militariPaese servito RSFS Russa Unione Sovietica Forza armata Armata Rossa Esercito sovietico ArmaTruppe corazzate e meccanizzate Anni di servizio1918 - 1955 GradoColonnello generale GuerreGuerra d'invernoSeconda guerra mondiale CampagneFronte orientaleGuerra Unione Sovietica-Giappone BattaglieOperazione Barbarossa Battaglia di Mosca Operazione BluBattaglia di Stalingrado Operazione...

Southborough (Kent)

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati del Kent è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Southboroughparrocchia civileSouthborough – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Regno Unito Inghilterra RegioneSud Est Contea Kent DistrettoTunbridge Wells TerritorioCoordinate51°09′N 0°16′E51°09′N, 0°16′E (Southborough) Abitanti11 124 (2001) Altre informazioniCod. postaleTN4 Prefisso01892 Fuso orarioUTC+0...

Pope Marcellus II

Head of the Catholic Church in 1555 PopeMarcellus IIBishop of RomePortrait by an anonymous artist, 16th-century, Vatican MuseumsChurchCatholic ChurchPapacy began9 April 1555Papacy ended1 May 1555PredecessorJulius IIISuccessorPaul IVPrevious post(s) Administrator of Nicastro (1539–1540) Bishop of Reggio Emilia (1540–1544) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (1540–1555) Bishop of Gubbio (1544–1555) Chief of the Vatican Library (1550–1555) OrdersOrdination1535Consecration10 A...

PROFILPELAJAR.COM