Khirbat al-Sawamir

Khirbat al-Sawamir
Etymology: "Places of nocturnal entertainment"[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Khirbat al-Sawamir (click the buttons)
Khirbat al-Sawamir is located in Mandatory Palestine
Khirbat al-Sawamir
Khirbat al-Sawamir
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 32°37′43″N 34°57′30″E / 32.62861°N 34.95833°E / 32.62861; 34.95833
Palestine grid146/226
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictHaifa
Date of depopulationMay 22, 1948
Population
 (1931)
 • Total
1,439 together with Ayn Ghazal[2]
Current LocalitiesOfer[3]

Khirbat al-Sawamir was a Palestinian Arab village in the Haifa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on May 22, 1948. It was located 22 kilometres south of Haifa.

History

Burial places cut into rock, and ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found at Khirbat al-Sawamir.[4]

Ottoman era

Khirbat al-Sawamir was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers under the name of Sawamir, as being in the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Gaza. It had a population of 3 household,[5] an estimated 17 persons,[6] who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 5,500 akçe.[5]

The village appeared, though misplaced, under the name of Sawama on the map that Pierre Jacotin compiled during Napoleon's invasion of 1799.[7]

In 1859, the population was estimated to be 120 persons, with 15 feddans of cultivated area.[8]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Suamir as a small adobe village at the edge of the plain, with a well to the west.[8]

In the early twentieth century, travelers noted that the village was better built that the usual Fellahin village.[9]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Al Sawamer had a population of 17 Muslims.[10] In the 1931 census, the population was counted with that of Ayn Ghazal, and together they had 1,439 Muslims in 247 houses.[2] In the Village Statistics, 1945, the name of the village was not mentioned.

1948, aftermath

Following the 1948 war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. The moshav of Ofer was established in 1950 partly on the land of Khirbat al-Sawamir, and partly on the land of Ayn Ghazal.[3]

In 1992 the village site was described: "The ruins of two walls (formerly parts of a building) are visible at the site, which has been fenced in with barbed wire. Pine trees occupy much of the land on the site, and pomegranate and fig trees and cactuses are scattered throughout. The surrounding coastal lands are used by Israeli farmers for growing vegetables and fruit, particularly bananas."[3]

References

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 153
  2. ^ a b Mills, 1932, p. 90
  3. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 191
  4. ^ Dauphin, 1992, p. 696
  5. ^ a b Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 158
  6. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 190
  7. ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 163 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p.43
  9. ^ Mülinen, 1908, pp. 284-285
  10. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 34

Bibliography