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Khevenhüller
Khevenhüller
	Coat of arms of the Princes of Khevenhüller-Metsch
Founded	14th century
Current head	S.D. Fürst Bartolomeus von Khevenhüller-Metsch
Titles	Freiherren (1566); Imperial Counts (Reichsgrafen) of Khevenhüller-Frankenburg (1593); Imperial Counts of Khevenhüller-Hochosterwitz (1725); Princes of Khevenhüller-Metsch (1763);
Style(s)	Serene Highness

The House of Khevenhüller is an old and prominent Austrian noble family, documented in Carinthia since 1356, with its ancestral seat at Landskron Castle. In the 16th century, the family split into the two branches of Khevenhüller-Frankenburg, Imperial Counts (i.e. immediate counts of the Holy Roman Empire) from 1593, and Khevenhüller-Hochosterwitz, raised to Imperial Counts in 1725 and, as Khevenhüller-Metsch, to princely rank (Fürsten) in 1763. The family was mediatised in 1806 and therefore belongs to high nobility.

In the present-day Austrian state of Carinthia, the princely family of Khevenhüller-Metsch owns the Renaissance castle of Hochosterwitz, a significant edifice and major tourist attraction.

History

The noble family originally possibly originated in Kevenhüll (today part of Beilngries) in Franconia; they were vassals of the Bishops of Bamberg, who had received large estates in Carinthia from the hands of King Henry II of Germany in 1007. The earliest mention refers to one Ulreich dem Chevenhuelaer in a 1330 deed.^[1] In Carinthia, a continuous line descends from one Johann I (Hans) Khevenhüller, who died in 1356 and was the son-in-law of Richard I von Khünburg and Elisabeth von Himmelberg,^[2] both from Carinthia.

Johann IV von Khevenhüller zu Aichelberg (born ca 1420-1462) was the first to hold the family lordship of Aichelberg^[3]^{[better source needed]}. His son, Johann V Khevenhüller (died 1462), son of Wilhelm II Khevenhüller and Margareta von Auersperg, was Burgrave of Federaun, and his son, Augustin Khevenhüller, who died 1516, was the Lord of Hardegg.^[4] His mother was one "Miss" von Lindegg,^[5] who together with her grandson Sigismund III, Herr Khevenhüller in Hohen-Osterwitz (1507–1558) appears among the ancestors of King Charles III.^[6] Her youngest grandson, Bernard von Khevenhüller (1511–1548) was the Lord of Sternberg and Hohenwart; her eldest grandson, Christoph Khevenhüller (1503–1557) was Lord of Aichelberg.

Christoph Khevenhüller

The steep rise of the House of Khevenhüller in Carinthia began when in 1525 Christoph Khevenhüller (1503–57) was appointed castellan of Ortenburg Castle near Spittal an der Drau and married a wealthy burgher's daughter, Elizabeth Mansdorfer.

Her wealth enabled him to acquire a number of properties in Carinthia such as the castles of Aichelberg, Ortenburg, Sommeregg, Hochosterwitz and Landskron as well as the iron mine of Eisentratten near Gmünd. Like the majority of the Carinthian Estates, Christoph Khevenhüller became a Lutheran Protestant. Of Christoph Khevenhüller's three sons, Hans, Moritz and Bartlmäus, two were politically and economically most successful, thus furthering the rise of the family:

Hans Khevenhüller

Hans Khevenhüller (1538–1606) became the Legate of the Holy Roman Emperor at the Spanish court, an office that he held for 26 years. Educated at the University of Padua, he knew Latin and Italian. He was appointed Imperial Chamberlain, was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1587 and a count in 1593, a rank that upon his death passed on to his brother Bartlmäus. During his lifetime, he sought and collected animals and plants of economic importance from many parts of the world.^[7]

Bartlmäus Khevenhüller

The activities of Bartlmäus Khevenhüller (1539–1613) centred on Carinthia. Styling himself "Freiherr auf Landskron and Wernberg" he made it to Burggrave und Speaker of the Estates, and managed to make the Khevenhüller family one of the wealthiest in the German Reich. He also figured as the head of the Protestants in Carinthia.

When in the course of the Counter-Reformation Emperor Ferdinand II abolished the nobility's religious freedom in the Habsburg lands, the Protestant members of the Khevenhüller family were forced to abandon their possessions in Carinthia and emigrated to Germany in 1628. Among these was also the great-grandmother of Nicolaus Ludwig Reichsgraf von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf of the Moravian Church or Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine. Interrelation with the noble Saxonian Metzsch family began that led to the Khevenhüller-Metsch branch, which later also spread to Spain where as marquesses and dukes they became Grandees of Spain.

Paul Khevenhüller

A Protestant, Paul Khevenhüller (1593–1655) sided with the Swedish king during the Thirty Years' War lending Gustav Adolf 70,000 Swedish riksdalers to finance the war. After the king's death the Swedish state was incapable of repaying the loan and compensated the lender with the property of Julita Gård in Södermanland, which remained the residence of his descendants late into the 19th century.^[8]

Notable members of the House of Khevenhüller

Ulrich Khevenhüller (b. ca. 1430–1492), youngest son of Hans II Khevenhüller, knight
George Khevenhüller (1533–1587), "State Captain", i.e. governor of the Duchy of Carinthia.
Hans Graf Khevenhüller-Frankenburg (1538–1606), Imperial ambassador to the Spanish Court.
Franz Christoph Graf von Khevenhüller-Frankenburg (1588–1650), Imperial ambassador to the Spanish Court
Paul Khevenhüller (1593–1655), financier of the Swedish king in the Thirty Years' War
Sigmund Friedrich von Khevenhüller (1666–1742), governor of the Duchy of Carinthia, vicegerent^[9] of the Duchy of Lower Austria.

Ludwig Andreas Khevenhüller Graf von Aichelberg-Frankenburg (1683–1744), Austrian field marshal
Johann Joseph Fürst Khevenhüller-Metsch (1706–1776), Lord Great Chamberlain ("Oberstkämmerer") of Maria Theresa
Johann Carl Khevenhüller (1839–1905), member of Maximilian I of Mexico's corps of volunteers

Princes of Khevenhüller-Metsch

Johann Joseph Khevenhüller-Metsch (1706–1776), son of the former, 1763 Prince von Khevenhüller-Metsch; married to Karolina Maria Augustina Countess von Metsch, daughter of Count Johann Adolf von Metsch
Johann Sigismund Friedrich (1732–1801), son of the former, 2nd Prince von Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ I Maria Amalia Susanna, Princess of Liechtenstein, daughter of Prince Emanuel of Liechtenstein; married to II Marie Josephine Henriette Barbara Countess of Strassoldo, daughter of Count Vinzenz Strassoldo
Karl Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Clemens (1756–1823), son of the former, 3rd Prince von Khevenhüller-Metsch; married to Therese Countess of Morzin, daughter of Count Karl Joseph of Morzin
Franz Maria Johann Joseph Hermann (1762–1837), brother of the former, 4th Prince von Khevenhüller-Metsch; married to I Maria Elisabeth Countess of Kuefstein, daughter of Count Johann Adam von Kuefstein; married to II Maria Josepha Countess of Abensberg and Traun, daughter of Count Otto von Abensberg and Traun; married to III Christina Countess Zichy of Zich and Vasonykeö, daughter of Count Karl Zichy of Zich and Vasonykeö
Richard Maria Johann Basil (1813–1877), son of the former, 5th Prince zu Khevenhüller-Metsch; married to Antonia Maria Countess Lichnowsky, daughter of Prince Eduard Lichnowsky von Woschütz
Johannes Franz Karl Eduard Joseph Nemesius (1839–1905), son of the former, 6th Prince zu Khevenhüller-Metsch; married to Eduardine Countess von Clam-Gallas, daughter of Eduard von Clam-Gallas
Anton Sigismund Joseph Maria (1873–1945), nephew of the former, until 1919 (abolition of aristocratic titles) the 7th Prince zu Khevenhüller-Metsch; married to Gabriele Countess von Mensdorff-Pouilly, daughter of Count Alphons von Mensdorff-Pouilly
Franz Khevenhüller-Metsch (1889–1977); married to Anna Princess zu Fürstenberg (1894–1928), daughter of Maximilian Egon Prince zu Fürstenberg
Maximilian Khevenhüller-Metsch (1919–2010) married to Wilhelmine Gräfin Henckel von Donnersmarck (born 1932), daughter of Count Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck (1902–1991) and Countess Franziska von und zu Eltz (1905–1997)
Johannes Khevenhüller-Metsch (1956–2020); married to Donna Camilla Borghese dei Principi di Nettuno (born 1962), daughter of Don Giovanni-Angelo Borghese dei Principi di Nettuno and Donna Lydia dei Conti Cremisini

Current head of the Khevenhüller-Metsch family

Bartolomäus Fürst von Khevenhüller-Metsch (born as Maria Bartolomäus Lazarus Maximilian Hubertus Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch; 1958); married to Doña Cristina Sanchez de Movellán y Garcia Ogara (born 1962), second daughter of Don Manuel Sánchez de Movellán Hupfel, Marqués de Movellán (1931-2011). ^[10]

Maximilian, 9th Prince 1977-2010 (1919-2010)
- Johannes, 10th Prince 2010-2020 (1956-2020)
- Bartolomäus, 11th Prince 2020–present (b.1958)
  - Graf Ludwig Andreas (b.1988)
  - Graf Philipp (b.1998)
- Graf Karl Maximilian (b.1959)
  - Graf Maximilian (b.1993)
  - Graf Franz Christoph (b.1995)
  - Graf Sigismund (b.1997)
- Graf Georg (b.1960)

Spanish descendants

Don Camillo Ruspoli y Khevenhüller-Metsch, Duke of Sueca (1788–1864), married Carlota de Godoy, 2nd Duchess of Sueca
Don Adolfo Ruspoli, 2nd Duke of Alcudia (1822–1914), Grandee of Spain First Class
Don Luigi Ruspoli, 3rd Marquis of Boadilla del Monte (1828–1893)

Notes

^ Collegium es nobilis Austriae: Khevenhüller-Metsch Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
^ Our... Ancestors - Person Page 3739
^ Marek, Miroslav. "Euweb: Khevenhüller family". Genealogy EU.^{[self-published source]}
^ Our...ancestors.com
^ Our ...Ancestors Person Page 3734
^ Gerald Paget, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, S1157, S11572, vol. II, pp. 239 and 378
^ Gschwend, Annemarie Jordan (2018). "The Emperor's Exotic and New World Animals: Hans Khevenhüller and the Habsburg Menageries in Vienna and Prague". In MacGregor, Arthur (ed.). Naturalists in the Field. Collecting, Recording and Preserving the Natural World from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Century. Leiden: Brill. pp. 76–103.
^ Thaler, Peter (2010). Von Kärnten nach Schweden: Die evangelischen Glaubensflüchtlinge der Familien Khevenhüller und Paul. Klagenfurt: Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchivs. ISBN 9783900531751.
^ often incorr. called ″vice-regent". The Cassell English Dictionary, London 1990, p. 1469
^ "Bartholomäus, 11.Fürst von Khevenhüller-Metsch und Aichelberg : Genealogics".

References

Bernhard Czerwenka, Die Khevenhüller, Vienna: Braumüller, 1867.
Karl Dinklage, Kärnten um 1620. Die Bilder der Khevenhüllerchronik, Vienna: Edition Tusch, 1980.
Franz Müllner,Johann Carl Fürst Khevenhüller-Metsch, ein Kampfgefährte Kaiser Maximilians von Mexiko. In Maximilian von Mexiko 1832-1867, Vienna: Enzenhofer, 1974.
Peter Thaler, Von Kärnten nach Schweden: Die evangelischen Glaubensflüchtlinge der Familien Khevenhüller und Paul. Klagenfurt: Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchivs, 2010. ISBN 9783900531751.