Former polity in the South Caucasus
Javad Khanate (Persian: خانات جواد) was a Caucasian khanate with its capital in the town of Javad. It extended from Javad on the Kura River southwest along the east side of the Aras River.[clarification needed] It was bordered by the Shamakhy (north), Karabakh (west), Karadagh (southwest) and Talysh khanates (south), and the Salyan Sultanate (east), its territory lays within modern Azerbaijan.
It was formed in the middle of the 18th century in the area where the Kura and Aras rivers meet. In 1768 it was dependent on the Quba Khanate. The area was annexed to Russia in 1805 (see Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)).
Tsutsiev's atlas shows it on the 1763–1785 map.[2] On the 1791–1801 map its territory is part of the Shirvan Khanate with some of the south belonging to Talysh.
History
In 1768, the Javad Khan, Hasan Khan Shahseven voluntarily accepted the suzerainty of the Quba Khanate. However, khan power was kept in Javad.
This event, along with the enlargement of the territory of the Quba Khanate, also influenced the dynamics of its population. Historical sources point out that the Javad Khanate's voluntary association to the Quba Khanate has a positive effect on the quantity and quality of its population. The population of the Mughan plain was able to live in a stable political environment in the 1760s and 1780s.
The sources (which was kept in books and archives) to uncover the Javad Khanate's population history are fragmentary and limited.
Hidayat Khan's 1778 invasion significantly impacted the demographics of the Mughan Plain and Javad city. The khan of the Javad Khanate, which was peacefully related to the Quba Khanate, soon became one of the closest men to Fatali Khan. The khan of Javad was one of the most trusted men of Fatali Khan and participated in his secret meetings. The merging of Mughan, both military and strategic, meant further strengthening of the Quba khanate.
The rivals of Fatali Khan could not adopt a policy of diplomatic maneuvering among the great powers (Russia, Qajars, Ottomans). The combination of Fatali Khan and the Mughan plains and Javad Khanate in their lands did not correspond to the interests of a number of the khanates. The fact that the majority of Mughan plain, under the control of Fatali Khan, was a traditional winter grazing area for the aforementioned khanates, as well as the transfer of a part of Ardebil and the Mughan peoples to the Quba Khanate did not correspond to the interests of Gilan, Ardabil, Garadagh and the other khanates. A number of southern khanates, formerly engaged in diplomatic experimentation against the Quba Khanate, engaged in military intervention shortly after the defeat of Fatali Khan in 1774 in Gavdushan. Hidayat Khan of Gilan was particularly interested in this work. He united with the former Aghasi Khan of Shirvan and Garagaytag. The troops of the Hidayat Khan went to Javad, the center of Javad Khanate, after robbing of Lankaran and Salyan in 1778.
In April 1778, after the attack on Javad city, the inhabitants panicked. Hasan Khan felt he failed to stand up against his powerful opponents. Taking his brother and son (Khan of Gilan), he went to the camp of Hidayat Khan. According to some, 900 people were relocated from the city. While other sources mention 7,500 people were relocated from the city. They were driven to Rasht and Anzali to perform heavy work such as tower construction and agricultural work. This incident had a negative impact on the historical demographics of the Javad Khanate. The city of Javad was destroyed and did not return to its former situation. In 1781, Hasan Khan's troops united with the khans of Quba, Derbent, Baku, Shirvan, Shaki, Karabakh, Lankaran and Ardabil against Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, the candidate for the Iranian throne. In 1783, Hasan Khan attacked Karabakh as part of the 13,000-strong army of Fatali Khan. Fatali Khan attacked Ardabil and Meshkin in May 1784. The emirates of Shahsevan followed him. Hasan Khan was appointed ruler of Ardabil.
Political geography
The capital of the khanate was the town of Javad, which is located in the center of the Kur and Araz rivers (present-day Javad village of Sabirabad District). Javad Khanate was bordered by the Shamakhi Khanate to the north, the Lankaran Khanate to the south, the Salyan ruler to the east. The Khanate of the Mughan Plain was a part of the Javad Khanate, a permanent winter belt of the shahsevans and other Turkish tribes. The Javad khanate is sometimes referred to as the Mughan Khanate in several sources.
Rulers
See also
References
- ^
Bournoutian, George A. (2016). The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. xvii. ISBN 978-1909724808.
Serious historians and geographers agree that after the fall of the Safavids, and especially from the mid-eighteenth century, the territory of the South Caucasus was composed of the khanates of Ganja, Kuba, Shirvan, Baku, Talesh, Sheki, Karabagh, Nakhichivan and Yerevan, all of which were under Iranian suzerainty.
- ^ Athur Tsutsiev, Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, 2004, page 6
External links
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