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Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
	JL-1 and JL-2.
Type	SLBM
Service history
Used by	China
Production history
Designer	Huang Weilu
Designed	1970s
Manufacturer	Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group)
Produced	1980s
Specifications
Mass	14,700 kilograms (32,400 lb)
Length	10.7 metres (35 ft)
Width	1.4 metres (4.6 ft)
Warhead	nuclear
Blast yield	250-500Kt
Propellant	Solid fuel
Operational; range	1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A)
Guidance; system	Inertial
Launch; platform	Xia class submarine

The Julang-1 (Chinese: 巨浪-1; pinyin: Jù Làng Yī; lit. 'Huge Wave-1', also known as the JL-1; NATO reporting name CSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".^[1]

History

Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf-class) submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu,^[2] and Chen Deren (Chinese: 陈德仁, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).^{[citation needed]}

The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.^{[citation needed]}

The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.^{[citation needed]}

The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.^[3]

References

^ Taylor, Marcus; Tamerlani, Eric; Farnsworth, Timothy (June 2013). "Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM". Arms Control Today. 43 (5). Arms Control Association: 31–32. JSTOR 23629520.
^ "中国潜射洲际导弹总师：曾在英国研究V-2导弹_军事频道_央视网". military.cntv.cn.
^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2018). "Chinese nuclear forces, 2018". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 74 (4): 289–295. Bibcode:2018BuAtS..74d.289K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2018.1486620.

Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8133-1612-X
Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.