Izamal Municipality

Izamal
Municipality
Convent of San Antonio de Padua at Izamal, Yucatán
Convent of San Antonio de Padua at Izamal, Yucatán
Coat of arms of Izamal
Coat of arms
Region 3 Centro #035
Region 3 Centro #035
Izamal is located in Mexico
Izamal
Izamal
Location of the Municipality in Mexico
Coordinates: 20°55′53″N 89°01′04″W / 20.93139°N 89.01778°W / 20.93139; -89.01778
Country Mexico
State Yucatán
Government
 • Type 2012–2015[1]
 • Municipal PresidentFermín Humberto Sosa Lugo[2]
Area
 • Total
275.92 km2 (106.53 sq mi)
 [2]
Elevation
[2]
13 m (43 ft)
Population
 (2010[3])
 • Total
25,980
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central Standard Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (Central Daylight Time)
INEGI Code009
Major AirportMerida (Manuel Crescencio Rejón) International Airport
IATA CodeMID
ICAO CodeMMMD

Izamal Municipality (In the Yucatec Maya Language: “dew of heaven”)[4] is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing (275.92 km2) of land and located roughly 67 km east of the city of Mérida.[2]

History

Izamal is believed to have been founded in the late Pre-classic period (750 to 200 A.C.), by Zamná, priest of the god Itzamná. Most of the construction on the site dates to the Proto-classic period (200 B.C. to 200 a.c.), the Early Classic (200 to 600 A.C.) And Late Classic (600 to 800 A.C.) periods. When Chichen Itzá rose, during the Final Classic period (800 to 1000 A.C.), Izamal was partially abandoned.[5]

After the conquest the area became part of the encomienda system, which was implemented between 1543 and 1549.[2] Construction of the convent of San Antonio de Padua began in 1553 by fray Diego de Landa,[5] who later instituted an inquisition called the auto de fé against the Maya at Maní and burned the Maya codices.[6] Landa and the encomendero, Francisco Hernández, engaged in a three-year legal battle beginning in 1556 to determine if the church, or the Spanish authorities had jurisdiction of the area. Hernández finally broke under the strain, agreed to submit to Landa's authority, and died shortly after his release from prison in 1561,[7] the same year work on the convent was completed.[5] Juan Cueva Santillán was the encomendero at Izamal in 1577 and filed a report on his duties there in 1581.[8]

Yucatán declared its independence from the Spanish Crown in 1821 and on 25 October 1823, Izamal acquired the status of village and was made headquarters of the Coastal Region. In 1841, it was elevated to the status of city. During the land redistribution policies of the early 20th century, Izamal was declared a pueblo on 13 August 1923, but regained its status as a city in 1981.[2]

Governance

The municipal president is elected for a three-year term. The town council has nine councilpersons, who serve as Secretary of Culture; Public Services; communities; special events; sports; artisans; decorations; ecology and disability services.[9]

The Municipal Council administers the business of the municipality. It is responsible for budgeting and expenditures and producing all required reports for all branches of the municipal administration. Annually it determines educational standards for schools.[9]

The Police Commissioners ensure public order and safety. They are tasked with enforcing regulations, distributing materials and administering rulings of general compliance issued by the council.[9]

Communities

The head of the municipality is Izamal, Yucatán. There are thirty communities in the municipality. The most important are Citilcum, Kimbilá, Sitilpech and Xanabá. Other minor population centers are Balantún, Becal, Catzín, Chan-Kin, Chichihuá, Chichi-Uh, Chixé, Choyoh, Chumul, Cuauhtémoc, Ebulá, Kanan, Kantoyehen, Kauán, Mulsay, Sacalá, Sacnicté, Hacienda Sac-Nicté, Sahaltún, San José Tzucacab, San Luis, San Pedro, Santa María, Tebic, finca Tecoh, Tziló, Tulinche, X'Tohil and Yokdzonot. The significant populations are shown below:[2]

Community Population
Entire Municipality (2010) 25,980[3]
Citilcum 2015 in 2005[10]
Izamal 15101 in 2005[11]
Kimbilá 3531 in 2005[12]
Sitilpech 1781 in 2005[13]
Xanabá 1305 in 2005[14]

Local festivals

Every year on 3 April is a fiesta for San Ildefonso; from 15 to 25 August, the celebration of the town's patron saint, Our Lady of Izamal is held; from 19 to 28 October processions, gatherings and local folk dances are held in honor of the Santo Cristo de Citilpech; and from 1 to 12 December the Immaculate Conception is celebrated.[2]

Kots Kaal Pato (English: Strangle the Duck) is a controversial event practiced among some Mayan youth in the village of Citilcum. In the event, ducks, bound to high wooden crossbeams by their feet, are mutilated in a ceremony-like atmosphere. It has attracted condemnation from animal rights activists in the region, with several Mexican environmental authorities filing an animal cruelty complaint in regards to the practice.[15]

Notable people

  • Zamná, founder of the city
  • Crescencio Carrillo y Ancona, (1837-1897) Catholic priest and historian of the Maya

Tourist attractions

References

  1. ^ "Listado oficial de los precandidatos del PRI a las 106 alcaldías de Yucatán" (in Spanish). Progreso, Mexico: Progreso Hoy. 18 December 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2015.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Municipios de Yucatán » Izamal" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Mexico In Figures: Izamal, Yucatán". INEGI (in Spanish and English). Aguascalientes, México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Izamal Tourism". Yucatan All (in Spanish). Yucatan, Mexico: Yucatan All. 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "Historical city of Izamal (Izamal, Mayan continuity in an Historical City)". UNESCO. UNESCO. 15 October 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  6. ^ Timmer, David E. (1997), "Providence and Perdition: Fray Diego de Landa Justifies His Inquisition against the Yucatecan Maya", Church History: 477–483, doi:10.2307/3169452, JSTOR 3169452.
  7. ^ Karttunen, Frances (1994). Between worlds : interpreters, guides, and survivors. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0-8135-2030-4. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  8. ^ Perry, Richard D., ed. (2001). Exploring Yucatan: A Traveler's Anthology. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Espadaña Press. p. 135. ISBN 0-9620811-4-0. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  9. ^ a b c "Izamal". inafed (in Spanish). Mérida, Mexico: Enciclopedia de Los Municipios y Delegaciones de México. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Citilcum". PueblosAmerica (in Spanish). PueblosAmerica. 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  11. ^ "Izamal". PueblosAmerica (in Spanish). PueblosAmerica. 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Kimbilá". PueblosAmerica (in Spanish). PueblosAmerica. 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Sitilpech". PueblosAmerica (in Spanish). PueblosAmerica. 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  14. ^ "Xanabá". PueblosAmerica (in Spanish). PueblosAmerica. 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  15. ^ "Mexican Environmental Authorities file complaint against duck-killing ceremony". The Yucatan Times. May 21, 2015. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.