In November 1840 Rose was sent, as one of a group of British military advisers, to Syria with the local rank of colonel[10] to assist General Omar Pasha, commander of the Ottoman Army, who was seeking to secure the expulsion of the forces of Mehemet Ali from Syria during the Egyptian–Ottoman War.[2] Rose served as deputy adjutant-general on Pasha's staff at the Battle of El Mesden in January 1841 and then became senior British officer on Pasha's staff later that year.[2] He became British consul-general for Syria and Lebanon in August 1841 and found himself preventing feuds between the Maronites and Druzes.[2] On one occasion in 1841, he rode between them at imminent risk to his life and by the sheer force of a stronger will stopped the conflict.[11][8] On another occasion he rescued 700 American missionaries from Mount Lebanon and took them to Beirut walking himself all the way so that his horse could be available to old women.[8] He transferred to the diplomatic service in January 1848 and Lord Palmerston appointed him secretary of the embassy at Constantinople in January 1851.[12] He became chargé d'affaires in the absence of Sir Stratford Canning during a diplomatic crisis over Russian demands that they be allowed to give protection over all Christians in Turkey. He so strengthened the hands of the Ottoman Porte that the Russian attempt to force a secret treaty upon Turkey was foiled.[11][8] He was promoted to brevet colonel on 11 November 1851.[13]
Crimean War
Promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 11 June 1852, Rose became the British commissioner at the headquarters of the French Army at the outset of the Crimean War in October 1853.[14] Promoted to the local rank of brigadier-general on 8 April 1854,[15] he succeeded in putting out a fire which threatened the French small-arm ammunition stores for which he was awarded the French Legion of Honour.[11][14] He fought with the 1st Zouaves at the Battle of Alma in September 1854, where he was wounded, at the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 and at the Battle of Mamelon in June 1855.[14] He was promoted to major-general on 12 December 1854.[14]
Following the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 Rose was given command of the Poona division.[14] He arrived in September 1857, and shortly after took command of the newly created Central Indian Field Force made up mostly of sepoys and elements of the army maintained by the Nizam of Hyderabad.[16] He marched from Mhow in January 1858, captured Rahatgarh after a short siege, defeated the Raja of Banapur near Baroda, relieved the City of Saugor, captured the fortress at Garhakota and then defeated the rebels in the Madanpur pass.[11][1]
Rose arrived at Jhansi on 21 March 1858 and during the siege defeated a relieving force under Tatya Tope at the Betwa on 1 April 1858. Most of Rose's force was locked up in the siege and so he could only field 1,540 men against Tatya Tope's army of 20,000 troops and 28 guns.[17] With the advantage of Punjabi-Afghan sepoys he was able to rout the enemy, inflicting a total loss of 1,500 men and all of their stores.[18] Jhansi was stormed and the city taken on 4 April 1858.[19] However the Queen, Rani Lakshmibai, who had defended the fort, made an escape to Kalpi.[19] Rose went on to capture Lahar, Konch and Kalpi in May 1858.[14]
Hugh Rose, sitting third from left, with John Lawrence, Viceroy of India and other council members. c. 1864
Rose then obtained sick leave and Sir Robert Napier was appointed to succeed him. However, before Napier could arrive the forces of the Maharaja of Gwalior joined the rebellion. Rose at once resumed command and moved on Gwalior capturing the city in June 1858.[14] Rose was promoted to lieutenant-general for his "eminent services" on 28 February 1860 and the next month was appointed commander-in-chief of the Bombay Army.[14] He was promoted to the local rank of general on 18 May 1860[20] and on the departure of Lord Clyde from India in November 1860 Rose succeeded him as Commander-in-Chief, India.[11][14]
Rose was made an honorary DCL of the University of Oxford in 1865.[3] He became Commander-in-Chief, Ireland with the local rank of general in July 1865,[21] in which role he assisted the Irish government to deal with the Fenian conspiracy, and was raised to the peerage as Baron Strathnairn, of Strathnairn in the County of Nairn and of Jhansi in the India on 28 July 1866.[22] He was promoted to the substantive rank of full general on 4 February 1867[23] and was made an honorary LL.D. of Trinity College, Dublin when he retired from the Irish Command in 1870.[11][3] Back in England he lived in retirement at Newsells Park in Hertfordshire.[24] Rose was keen on horses and had an obelisk erected there in memory of his favourite charger which he had ridden during the Indian Rebellion.[25]
Statue of Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn at Griggs Green (originally positioned in Knightsbridge)
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