Hearst Communications

Hearst Communications, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustryMedia
FoundedMarch 4, 1887; 137 years ago (1887-03-04)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
FounderWilliam Randolph Hearst
HeadquartersHearst Tower
300 W. 57th Street
New York, N.Y. 10019
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsBooks
Magazines
Newspapers
Publications
Television
RevenueIncreaseUS$11.9 billion (2022)
OwnerHearst family
Number of employees
20,000 (2016)
ParentHearst Corporation
Divisions
  • Hearst Television
  • Hearst Magazines
  • Hearst Ventures
  • Hearst Business Media
  • Hearst Entertainment & Syndication
  • Hearst Newspapers
Subsidiaries
Websitehearst.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2]

Hearst Corporation, its wholly owned subsidiary Hearst Holdings Inc., and HHI's wholly owned subsidiary Hearst Communications Inc. [3] (usually referred to simply as Hearst, stylized as H E A R S T since 2016) is a constitutional American multinational mass media and business information conglomerate based in Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[4]

Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, television channels, and television stations, including the San Francisco Chronicle, the Houston Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire. It owns 50% of the A&E Networks cable network group and 20% of the sports cable network group ESPN, both in partnership with The Walt Disney Company.[5]

The conglomerate also owns several business-information companies, including Fitch Group and First Databank.[6]

The company was founded by William Randolph Hearst, a newspaper owner most well known for use of yellow journalism. The Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management.[7]

History

Formative years

In 1880, George Hearst, mining entrepreneur and U.S. senator, bought the San Francisco Daily Examiner.[8] In 1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, William Randolph Hearst, who that year founded the Hearst Corporation. The younger Hearst eventually built readership for Hearst-owned newspapers and magazines from 15,000 to over 20 million.[9] Hearst began to purchase and launched other newspapers, including the New York Journal in 1895[10] and the Los Angeles Examiner in 1903.[8]

In 1903, Hearst created Motor magazine, the first title in his company's magazine division. He acquired Cosmopolitan in 1905, and Good Housekeeping in 1911.[11][12] The company entered the book publishing business in 1913 with the formation of Hearst's International Library.[13][14] Hearst began producing film features in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios: the International Film Service, turning characters from Hearst newspaper strips into film characters.[15]

Hearst bought the Atlanta Georgian in 1912,[16] the San Francisco Call and the San Francisco Post in 1913, the Boston Advertiser and the Washington Times (unrelated to the present-day paper) in 1917, and the Chicago Herald in 1918 (resulting in the Herald-Examiner).[17]

In 1919, Hearst's book publishing division was renamed Cosmopolitan Book.[13]

Peak era

An ad asking automakers to place ads in Hearst chain, noting their circulation

In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, which included a number of magazines and newspapers in major cities. Hearst also began acquiring radio stations to complement his papers.[18] Hearst saw financial challenges in the early 1920s, when he was using company funds to build Hearst Castle in San Simeon and support movie production at Cosmopolitan Productions. This eventually led to the merger of the magazine Hearst International with Cosmopolitan in 1925.[19]

Despite some financial troubles, Hearst began extending its reach in 1921, purchasing the Detroit Times, The Boston Record, and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer.[20] Hearst then added the Los Angeles Herald and Washington Herald, as well as the Oakland Post-Enquirer, the Syracuse Telegram and the Rochester Journal-American in 1922. He continued his buying spree into the mid-1920s, purchasing the Baltimore News (1923), the San Antonio Light (1924), the Albany Times Union (1924),[20] and The Milwaukee Sentinel (1924). In 1924, Hearst entered the tabloid market in New York City with New York Daily Mirror, meant to compete with the New York Daily News.[21]

In addition to print and radio, Hearst established Cosmopolitan Pictures in the early 1920s, distributing his films under the newly created Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[22] In 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels.[23]

Retrenching after the Great Depression

The Great Depression hurt Hearst and his publications. Cosmopolitan Book was sold to Farrar & Rinehart in 1931.[13] After two years of leasing them to Eleanor "Cissy" Patterson (of the McCormick-Patterson family that owned the Chicago Tribune), Hearst sold her The Washington Times and Herald in 1939; she merged them to form the Washington Times-Herald. That year he also bought the Milwaukee Sentinel from Paul Block (who bought it from the Pfisters in 1929), absorbing his afternoon Wisconsin News into the morning publication. Also in 1939, he sold the Atlanta Georgian to Cox Newspapers, which merged it with the Atlanta Journal.

Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany, the Nazis received positive press coverage by Hearst presses and paid ten times the standard subscription rate for the INS wire service belonging to Hearst.[24] William Randolph Hearst personally instructed his reporters in Germany to only give positive coverage to Hitler and the Nazis, and fired journalists who refused to write stories favourable of German fascism.[24] During this time, high ranking Nazis were given space to write articles in Hearst press newspapers, including Hermann Göring and Alfred Rosenberg.[24]

Hearst, with his chain now owned by his creditors after a 1937 liquidation,[25] also had to merge some of his morning papers into his afternoon papers. In Chicago, he combined the morning Herald-Examiner and the afternoon American into the Herald-American in 1939. This followed the 1937 combination of the New York Evening Journal and the morning American into the New York Journal-American, the sale of the Omaha Daily Bee to the World-Herald.

Afternoon papers were a profitable business in pre-television days, often outselling their morning counterparts featuring stock market information in early editions, while later editions were heavy on sporting news with results of baseball games and horse races. Afternoon papers also benefited from continuous reports from the battlefront during World War II. After the war, however, both television news and suburbs experienced explosive growth; thus, evening papers were more affected than those published in the morning, whose circulation remained stable while their afternoon counterparts' sales plummeted.

In 1947, Hearst produced an early television newscast for the DuMont Television Network: I.N.S. Telenews, and in 1948 he became the owner of one of the first television stations in the country, WBAL-TV in Baltimore.

The earnings of Hearst's three morning papers, the San Francisco Examiner, the Los Angeles Examiner, and The Milwaukee Sentinel, supported the company's money-losing afternoon publications such as the Los Angeles Herald-Express, the New York Journal-American, and the Chicago American. The company sold the latter paper in 1956 to the Chicago Tribune's o wners, who changed it to the tabloid-size Chicago Today in 1969 and ceased publication in 1974. In 1960, Hearst also sold the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the Detroit Times to The Detroit News. After a lengthy strike it sold the Milwaukee Sentinel to the afternoon Milwaukee Journal in 1962. The same year Hearst's Los Angeles papers – the morning Examiner and the afternoon Herald-Express – merged to become the evening Los Angeles Herald-Examiner. The 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike left the city with no papers for over three months, with the Journal-American one of the earliest strike targets of the Typographical Union. The Boston Record and the Evening American merged in 1961 as the Record-American and in 1964, the Baltimore News-Post became the Baltimore News-American.

In 1953, Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine, which it published until 1999 when it sold the journal to Robert E. Petersen. In 1958, Hearst's International News Service merged with E.W. Scripps' United Press, forming United Press International as a response to the growth of the Associated Press and Reuters. The following year Scripps-Howard's San Francisco News merged with Hearst's afternoon San Francisco Call-Bulletin. Also in 1959, Hearst acquired the paperback book publisher Avon Books.[26]

In 1965, the Hearst Corporation began pursuing joint operating agreements (JOAs). It reached the first agreement with the DeYoung family, proprietors of the afternoon San Francisco Chronicle, which began to produce a joint Sunday edition with the Examiner. In turn, the Examiner became an evening publication, absorbing the News-Call-Bulletin. The following year, the Journal-American reached another JOA with another two landmark New York City papers: the New York Herald Tribune and Scripps-Howard's World-Telegram and Sun to form the New York World Journal Tribune (recalling the names of the city's mid-market dailies), which collapsed after only a few months.

The 1962 merger of the Herald-Express and Examiner in Los Angeles led to the termination of many journalists who began to stage a 10-year strike in 1967. The effects of the strike accelerated the pace of the company's demise, with the Herald Examiner ceasing publication November 2, 1989.[27]

Newspaper shifts

Hearst moved into hardcover publishing by acquiring Arbor House in 1978 and William Morrow and Company in 1981.[28][29]

In 1982, the company sold the Boston Herald American — the result of the 1972 merger of Hearst's Record-American & Advertiser with the Herald-Traveler — to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation,[30] which renamed the paper as The Boston Herald,[31] competing to this day with The Boston Globe.

In 1986, Hearst bought the Houston Chronicle and that same year closed the 213-year-old Baltimore News-American after a failed attempt to reach a JOA with A.S. Abell Company, the family who published The Baltimore Sun since its founding in 1837. Abell sold the paper several days later to the Times-Mirror syndicate of the Chandlers' Los Angeles Times, also competitor to the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, which folded in 1989. In 1990, both King Features Entertainment and King Phoenix Entertainment were rebranded under the collective Hearst Entertainment umbrella. King Features Entertainment was renamed to Hearst Entertainment Distribution, while King Phoenix Entertainment was renamed to Hearst Entertainment Productions.[32]

In 1993, Hearst closed the San Antonio Light after it purchased the rival San Antonio Express-News from Murdoch.[33]

On November 8, 1990, Hearst Corporation acquired 20% stake of ESPN, Inc. from RJR Nabisco for a price estimated between $165 million and $175 million.[34] The other 80% has been owned by The Walt Disney Company since 1996. Over the last 25 years, the ESPN investment is said to have accounted for at least 50% of total Hearst Corp profits and is worth at least $13 billion.[35]

On July 31, 1996, Hearst and the Cisneros Group of Companies of Venezuela announced its plans to launch Locomotion, a Latin American animation cable television channel.[36][37][38]

On March 27, 1997, Hearst Broadcasting announced that it would merge with Argyle Television Holdings II for $525 million, the merger was completed in August to form Hearst-Argyle Television (later renamed as Hearst Television in 2009).[39]

In 1999, Hearst sold its Avon and Morrow book publishing activities to HarperCollins.[40]

In 2000, the Hearst Corp. pulled another "switcheroo" by selling its flagship and "Monarch of the Dailies", the afternoon San Francisco Examiner, and acquiring the long-time competing, but now larger morning paper, San Francisco Chronicle from the Charles de Young family. The San Francisco Examiner is now published as a daily freesheet.

In December 2003, Marvel Entertainment acquired Cover Concepts from Hearst, to extend Marvel's demographic reach among public school children.[41]

In 2009, A&E Networks acquired Lifetime Entertainment Services, with Hearst ownership increasing to 42%.[42][43]

In 2010, Hearst acquired digital marketing agency iCrossing.[44]

In 2011, Hearst absorbed more than 100 magazine titles from the Lagardère Group for more than $700 million and became a challenger of Time Inc ahead of Condé Nast. In December 2012, Hearst Corporation partnered again with NBCUniversal to launch Esquire Network.

On February 20, 2014, Hearst Magazines International appointed Gary Ellis to the new position, Chief Digital Officer.[45] That December, DreamWorks Animation sold a 25% stake in AwesomenessTV for $81.25 million to Hearst.[46]

In January 2017, Hearst announced that it had acquired a majority stake in Litton Entertainment. Its CEO, Dave Morgan, was a former employee of Hearst.[47][48]

On January 23, 2017, Hearst announced that it had acquired the business operations of The Pioneer Group from fourth-generation family owners Jack and John Batdorff. The Pioneer Group was a Michigan-based communications network that circulates print and digital news to local communities across the state. In addition to daily newspapers, The Pioneer and Manistee News Advocate, Pioneer published three weekly papers and four local shopper publications, and operated a digital marketing services business.[49] The acquisition brought Hearst Newspapers to publishing 19 daily and 61 weekly papers.

Other 2017 acquisitions include the New Haven Register and associated papers from Digital First Media,[50][51] and the Alton, Illinois, Telegraph and Jacksonville, Illinois, Journal-Courier from Civitas Media.[52][53]

In October 2017, Hearst announced it would acquire the magazine and book businesses of Rodale in Emmaus, Pennsylvania with some sources reporting the purchase price as about $225 million. The transaction was expected to close in January following government approvals.[54][55]

In 2018, Hearst acquired the global health and wellness magazine brands owned by Rodale, Inc.[56]

In April 2023, Hearst bought WBBH-TV, an NBC-affiliated television station in Fort Myers, Florida, from Waterman Broadcasting Corporation.[57] In June 2023, Hearst acquired the Journal Inquirer[58] and later in October 2023 bought San Antonio Magazine. The company paid $150,000 in cash plus an amount equal to 90% of the magazine's accounts receivable[59] In November 2023, Hearst acquired all print and digital operations owned by RJ Media Group, including the Record-Journal, seven weekly newspapers and a digital advertising agency.[60] In December 2023, Hearst bought Puzzmo, a puzzle games website.[61]

In April 2024, Hearst acquired the Texas magazines Austin Monthly and Austin Home from Open Sky Media. A new organization called was created Hearst Texas Austin Media to manage the titles along with the Austin Daily newsletter which was created early that year.[62]

Chief executive officers

  • In 1880, George Hearst entered the newspaper business, acquiring the San Francisco Daily Examiner.
  • On March 4, 1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst, who was named editor and publisher. William Hearst died in 1951, at age 88.
  • In 1951, Richard E. Berlin, who had served as president of the company since 1943, succeeded William Hearst as chief executive officer. Berlin retired in 1973.[63] William Randolph Hearst Jr. claimed in 1991 that Berlin had suffered from Alzheimer's disease starting in the mid-1960s and that caused him to shut down several Hearst newspapers without just cause.[64]
  • From 1973 to 1975, Frank Massi, a longtime Hearst financial officer, served as president, during which time he carried out a financial reorganization followed by an expansion program in the late 1970s.[65]
  • From 1975 to 1979, John R. Miller was Hearst president and chief executive officer.[66]
  • Frank Bennack served as CEO and president from 1979 to 2002, when he became vice chairman, returning as CEO from 2008 to 2013, and remains executive vice chairman.[67]
  • Victor F. Ganzi served as president and CEO from 2002 to 2008.[68]
  • Steven Swartz has been president since 2012 and CEO since 2013.[69]

Operating group heads

  • David Carey previously served as chairman and group head of the magazines.[70] Debi Chirichella is that unit's president.[71]
  • Jeffrey M. Johnson[72] became president of Hearst Newspapers in 2018 upon the promotion of Mark Aldam to executive vice president and chief operating officer of the parent company.[73]
  • Michael J. Hayes became president of Hearst Television in 2023 in succession to Jordan Wertlieb on Wertleib's promotion to succeed Aldam as Hearst COO.[74]

Assets

Main article: List of assets owned by Hearst Communications

A non-exhaustive list of its current properties and investments includes:

Magazines

Newspapers

(alphabetical by state, then title)

Broadcasting

Internet

Other

Trustees of William Randolph Hearst's will

Under William Randolph Hearst's will, a common board of thirteen trustees (its composition fixed at five family members and eight outsiders) administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation, and the trust that owns (and selects the 26-member[84] board of) the Hearst Corporation (parent of Hearst Communications which shares the same officers). The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this.[85][86]

In 2009, it was estimated to be the largest private company managed by trustees in this way.[87] As of 2017, the trustees are:[88]

Family members

Non-family members

  • James M. Asher, chief legal and development officer of the corporation
  • David J. Barrett, former chief executive officer of Hearst Television, Inc.
  • Frank A. Bennack Jr., former chief executive officer and executive vice chairman of the corporation
  • John G. Conomikes, former executive of the corporation, preceded Barrett at Hearst-Argyle Television
  • Gilbert C. Maurer, former chief operating officer of the corporation and former president of Hearst Magazines
  • Mark F. Miller, former executive vice president of Hearst Magazines
  • Mitchell Scherzer, executive vice president and chief financial officer of the corporation
  • Steven R. Swartz, president and chief executive officer of the corporation

The trust dissolves when all family members alive at the time of Hearst's death in August 1951 have died.

See also

References

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  4. ^ Maza, Erik (April 1, 2013). "Hearst's New CEO Steve Swartz Talks Business, Succession". WWD. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
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  12. ^ Lueck, Therese (1995). Women's Periodicals in the United States: Consumer Magazines. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 492. ISBN 978-0313286315.
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Further reading

  • Carlisle, Rodney. "The Foreign Policy Views of an Isolationist Press Lord: WR Hearst and the International Crisis, 1936–41." Journal of Contemporary History 9.3 (1974): 217–227.
  • Nasaw, David. The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst. (2000). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82759-0., a prominent scholarly biography.
  • Pizzitola, Louis. Hearst over Hollywood: power, passion, and propaganda in the movies (Columbia UP, 2002).
  • Procter, Ben H. William Randolph Hearst: Final Edition, 1911–1951. (Oxford UP 2007).
  • Whyte, Kenneth. The uncrowned king: The sensational rise of William Randolph Hearst (2009).
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Soe Hok Gie

Ini adalah nama Tionghoa-Indonesia, marganya adalah Soe (史) Gie史福義Soe Hok Gie di Puncak Pangrango, 1967Lahir(1942-12-17)17 Desember 1942 Djakarta, Masa pendudukan JepangMeninggal16 Desember 1969(1969-12-16) (umur 26)Semeru, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaSebab meninggalMenghirup gas beracunMakamJakarta, Indonesia6°10′19″S 106°49′09″E / 6.17203°S 106.819037°E / -6.17203; 106.819037Koordinat: 6°10′19″S 106°49′09″E / 6.17203°...

 

 

Karang Subi

Subi Reef Pulau dipersengketakanNama lain: Karang Zhubi渚碧礁 Zhǔbì Jiāo (Tionghoa)Zamora Reef (Inggris Filipina)Bahura ng Zamora (Filipina)đá Xu Bi (Vietnam) Citra Landsat 7 (April 2000) Geografi [[Berkas: Lokasi pulau-pulau besar di Sansha Legend： Hitam：Sansha (kursi prefektur) Yongxing Pink：Huangyan Hijau：Yongshu Biru：Meiji Ungu：Zhubi Jingga：Huayang Kuning：Nanxun Merah：Chiguo Coklat：Dongmen|frameless]] Lokasi Laut Tiongkok Selatan Koordinat 10°54′48″N 114�...

 

 

Qatar Boneh, Fars

Village in Fars province, Iran Village in Fars, IranQatar Boneh Persian: قطاربنهVillageQatar BonehCoordinates: 28°59′59″N 54°49′07″E / 28.99972°N 54.81861°E / 28.99972; 54.81861[1]Country IranProvinceFarsCountyNeyrizDistrictQatruyehRural DistrictQatruyehPopulation (2016)[2] • Total271Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) Qatar Boneh (Persian: قطاربنه, also Romanized as Qaţār Boneh)[3] is a village in Qatruyeh...

Liga Utama Ghana

Liga Utama GhanaNegaraGhanaKonfederasiCAFDibentuk1956Jumlah tim16Tingkat pada piramida1Degradasi keLiga Sepak bola GhanaPiala domestikPiala FA GhanaPiala internasionalLiga Champions Piala KonfederasiJuara bertahan ligaBerekum Chelsea (2010–11)Klub tersuksesAsante Kotoko (21)Situs webghanafa.org Liga Utama Ghana 2010–11 Glo Premier League adalah nama resmi dari divisi terbaik sepak bola profesional dari sistem liga sepak bola di Ghana. Dibentuk pada tahun 1956, telah didominasi oleh Asante...

 

 

Médecine du travail

Médecine du travail Locaux de la Médecine du travail à Sens (Yonne, France) Données clés MeSH « D009787 » modifier La médecine du travail désigne en France, en Belgique et dans les autres pays qui ont adopté les particularités du système français, à la fois une spécialité médicale qui concerne la prévention des atteintes à la santé des travailleurs (accidents du travail, maladies professionnelles) et les Services de médecine du (ou de santé au) travail au sein...

 

 

C. Radhakrishnan

C. RadhakrishnanLahir15 Februari 1939 (umur 85)Chamravattam, Tirur, Kerala, IndiaPekerjaanPengarang, peneliti, sutradaraWebsitec-radhakrishnan.info C. Radhakrishnan (lahir 15 Februari 1939) adalah seorang penulis, peneliti dan sutradara berbahasa Malayalam asal negara bagian Kerala, India Selatan. Ia adalah pengarang beberapa novel besar berbahasa Malayalam seperti Munpeparakkunna Pakshikal, Theekkadal Kadanhu Thirumadhuram, Spandamapinikale Nandi, Ellaam Maikkunna Kadal dan Nizhalpaduka...

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

 

 

NCIS season 2

Season of television series Season of television series NCISSeason 2Season 2 U.S. DVD coverStarring Mark Harmon Sasha Alexander Michael Weatherly Pauley Perrette Sean Murray David McCallum No. of episodes23ReleaseOriginal networkCBSOriginal releaseSeptember 28, 2004 (2004-09-28) –May 24, 2005 (2005-05-24)Season chronology← PreviousSeason 1 Next →Season 3 List of episodes The second season of the police procedural drama NCIS was originally broadcast between Septe...

 

 

Pauline Collins

British actress Pauline CollinsOBECollins in 2012Born (1940-09-03) 3 September 1940 (age 83)Exmouth, Devon, EnglandAlma materRoyal Central School of Speech and DramaOccupationActressYears active1963–presentSpouse John Alderton ​(m. 1969)​Children4 Pauline Collins OBE (born 3 September 1940)[1] is a British actress who first came to prominence portraying Sarah Moffat in Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–1973) and its spin-off Thomas & Sarah ...

Alexandre Dumaine

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Dumaine. Alexandre Dumaine Portrait au restaurant gastronomique La Côte d'Or, de Saulieu en Côte-d'Or (actuel Relais Bernard Loiseau) . Données clés Alias « Le Magnifique »« Le roi des cuisiniers »« Le cuisinier des rois » Naissance 26 août 1895 Digoin (Saône-et-Loire) Décès 22 avril 1974 (à 78 ans) Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain) Nationalité France Profession Chef cuisinier Activité principale Restaurateur-hôtellie...

 

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

 

Lili Chookasian

Opera singer Lili ChookasianBorn(1921-08-01)August 1, 1921Chicago, Illinois, U.S.DiedApril 9, 2012(2012-04-09) (aged 90)Branford, Connecticut. U.S.Occupation(s)Singer (contralto), Metropolitan Opera (1962-1986); Professor, Northwestern University, Yale School of MusicSpouseGeorge Gavejian (married 1941-1987)Children3 Lili Chookasian (August 1, 1921 – April 9, 2012[1]) was an American contralto of Armenian ethnicity, who appeared with many of the world's major symph...

D. V. Graves

American sports coach (1886–1960) D. V. GravesGraves c. 1945Biographical detailsBorn(1886-11-27)November 27, 1886Lincoln County, Missouri, U.S.DiedJanuary 16, 1960(1960-01-16) (aged 73)Seattle, Washington, U.S.Playing careerFootball1906–1908Missouri1909Idaho Coaching career (HC unless noted)Football1911–1914Alabama1915–1917Texas A&M (assistant)1918Texas A&M1919Texas A&M (assistant)1920–1921Montana Agricultural1922–1938Washington (assistant)1942–1945Washing...

 

 

沃克縣 (喬治亞州)

  此条目页的主題是美國喬治亞州的一個縣。关于同名的縣，請見「沃克縣」。 沃克縣（英語：Walker County）是美國喬治亞州西北部的一個縣，北鄰田納西州，西南鄰阿拉巴馬州。面積1,158平方公里。根據美國2000年人口普查，共有人口61,053人，2005年人口63,890人。縣治拉法葉（LaFayette）。 成立於1833年12月18日。縣名紀念參議員弗里曼·沃克。 查论编沃克縣行政區劃县治�...

 

 

Princesse lointaine

Stock character For a play by Edmond Rostand, see La Princesse Lointaine. This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Princesse lointaine – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. ...

Douglas County, Colorado

County in Colorado, United States County in ColoradoDouglas CountyCountyOne of two county buildings for Douglas County in Castle Rock FlagLocation within the U.S. state of ColoradoColorado's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 39°21′N 104°56′W / 39.35°N 104.93°W / 39.35; -104.93Country United StatesState ColoradoFoundedNovember 1, 1861Named forStephen A. DouglasSeatCastle RockLargest communityHighlands RanchArea • Total843 sq mi...

 

 

Sigil (application)

EPUB e-book editing software SigilOriginal author(s)Strahinja Val MarkovićDeveloper(s)Kevin Hendricks and Doug MassayInitial release1 August 2009; 14 years ago (2009-08-01)Stable release2.1.0[1]  / 1 April 2024 Repositorygithub.com/Sigil-Ebook/Sigil Written inC++ (Qt)Operating systemWindows, macOS and LinuxAvailable inEnglishTypeDesktop publishing softwareLicenseGPL-3.0-or-laterWebsitesigil-ebook.com Sigil is free, open-source editing software for e-books in th...

 

 

Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan Indonesia

Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan Indonesia Ketua umumEros DjarotSekretaris JenderalZulfan LindanDibentuk27 Juli 2002(sebagai Partai Nasionalis Bung Karno)Kantor pusatJl. Penjernihan I No.50 DKI Jakarta Telp. 021-5739550/51 Fax. 021-5739519IdeologiMarhaenismeNasionalismeSukarnoismeKursi di DPR-Politik IndonesiaPartai politikPemilihan umum Partai Benteng Kerakyatan Nasionalis (PNBK Indonesia), awalnya didirikan sebagai Partai Nasionalis Bung Karno (PNBK), kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi Par...

Royal Norwegian Air Force

Air warfare branch of Norway's armed forces Royal Norwegian Air ForceLuftforsvaretBadge of the Royal Norwegian Air ForceFounded10 November 1944; 79 years ago (1944-11-10)Country NorwayAllegianceKingdom of NorwayTypeAir forceRoleAerial warfareSize3,650102 aircraft[1]Part ofNorwegian Armed ForcesHeadquartersRygge Air StationMotto(s)Konge, Folk og FedrelandKing, People and FatherlandWebsiteforsvaret.no/luftforsvaret CommandersCommander-in-Chief Harald VPrime M...

 

 

Giudicato di Arborea

Giudicato di ArboreaArbaree (dettagli) (dettagli) Giudicato di ArboreaArbaree - Localizzazione Dati amministrativiLingue ufficialiSardo, Latino Lingue parlateSardo CapitaleTharros fino al 1070[1]Oristano fino al 1410Sassari fino al 1420 PoliticaForma di StatoGiudicale Forma di governoMonarchia elettiva, poi ereditaria, anche in linea femminile (portatrice di titolo): i donnos fondiari attribuivano il potere allo Iudex sive rex (Giudice ovverosia re, in latino) tramite la Corona de Log...