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Hazebrouck

Hazebroek
Hazebrouck Hazebroek
Commune
	Town hall
	Coat of arms
	Location of Hazebrouck
	Hazebrouck Hazebrouck
	Coordinates: 50°43′30″N 2°32′21″E / 50.725°N 2.5392°E
Country	France
Region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Nord
Arrondissement	Dunkerque
Canton	Hazebrouck
Intercommunality	Flandre Intérieure
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Valentin Belleval
Area 1	26.2 km2 (10.1 sq mi)
Population (2021)	21,498
• Density	820/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Demonym	Hazebrouckois
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	59295 /59190
Elevation	17–66 m (56–217 ft) ; (avg. 23 m or 75 ft)
Website	www.ville-hazebrouck.fr
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Hazebrouck (French pronunciation: [azbʁuk], Dutch: Hazebroek, pronounced [ˈɦaːzəbruk], West Flemish: Oazebroeke) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France.^[3] It was a small market town in Flanders until it became an important railway junction in the 1860s. West Flemish was the usual language until 1880, when French was taught at school by mandate of the French government in an effort to "Frenchify" the people of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and to extinguish their Flemish roots. The development of the railways linked Hazebrouck to Lille to Calais and Dunkirk.

History

The incorporation into France of what had previously been a Flemish town was ratified in the 1678 Treaties of Nijmegen.^{[citation needed]}

Hazebrouck's town hall was built in the 19th century and the oldest monument of the town is St Eloi's church. During the two world wars Hazebrouck was an important military target. Many British soldiers are buried in the cemeteries around the town. In the town museum, which was originally a chapel and friary of the Augustines, visitors can see the Hazebrouck's giants: Roland, Tijse-Tajse, Toria and Babe-Tajse; a collection of Flemish and French paintings and a traditional Flemish kitchen.^{[citation needed]}

World War I: Fourth Battle of Ypres and Hazebrouck

An attack by the German army was proposed in October 1917 by the Army Group Commander Field Marshal Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria as a large-scale attack either carried by itself or as an attack to relieve pressure on the German Front. Rupprecht's Army Group held the German Front in Flanders and Picardy; his command covered the Belgian coast to Ypres and on to Armentières.^{[citation needed]}

The operation was given the codename of "George" and plans were submitted for an offensive attack between Ypres and Bethune. The breakthrough would be made in the British Front just south of the Belgian-French border in the Lys river area with the intention to get past the Allied Front there and advance to Hazebrouck. This would divide and cut the British Second Army near the Lys river away from the British Army in Artois. The British-held rail centre of Hazebrouck would be captured and the British troops in Belgian Flanders could be forced westwards and stuck on the Belgian coast. The operation would, however, only be possible to start from April.^[4]

During the Battle of the Lys, the German Sixth Army renewed its attack in the south on 12 April 1918, towards the important supply centre of Hazebrouck. The Germans advanced some 2–4 kilometres (1.2–2.5 mi) and captured Merville. On 13 April they were stopped by the First Australian Division, which had been transferred to the area. The British Fourth Division defended Hinges Ridge, the Fifth Division held Nieppe Forest and the 33rd Division was also involved.^[5]^[6] This became known as the Battle of Hazebrouck.

Heraldry

Arms of Hazebrouck	The arms of Hazebrouck are blazoned : Argent, a lion sable langued gules, holding an inescutcheon Or charged with a 'coney courant bendwise proper.

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1793	6,304	—
1800	6,611	+0.68%
1806	7,354	+1.79%
1821	7,384	+0.03%
1831	7,522	+0.19%
1836	7,674	+0.40%
1841	7,574	−0.26%
1846	7,570	−0.01%
1851	7,953	+0.99%
1856	7,892	−0.15%
1861	8,273	+0.95%
1866	9,017	+1.74%
1872	9,435	+0.76%
1876	9,857	+1.10%
1881	10,595	+1.45%
1886	11,332	+1.35%
1891	11,672	+0.59%
1896	12,571	+1.50%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	13,261	+1.07%
1906	12,819	−0.68%
1911	12,566	−0.40%
1921	14,584	+1.50%
1926	14,845	+0.36%
1931	14,859	+0.02%
1936	15,462	+0.80%
1946	14,391	−0.72%
1954	15,525	+0.95%
1962	17,446	+1.47%
1968	19,037	+1.47%
1975	19,866	+0.61%
1982	20,008	+0.10%
1990	20,567	+0.35%
1999	21,396	+0.44%
2007	21,313	−0.05%
2012	21,866	+0.51%
2017	21,441	−0.39%

Source: EHESS^[7] and INSEE (1968-2017)^[8]

Politics

Presidential Elections 2nd Round

	Winning Candidate	Party	%
2017^[9]	Emmanuel Macron	En Marche!	56.19
2012	François Hollande	PS	56.18
2007	Nicolas Sarkozy	UMP	52.69
2002	Jacques Chirac	RPR	81.70

Town twinning

Hazebrouck is twinned with the market town of Faversham in Kent, United Kingdom.^[10]

College Saint-Jacques private chapel

A private chapel which is now part of College Saint-Jacques can now be visited. This old College was an English hospital during the First World War.^{[citation needed]}

Transportation

The town has a railway station, with frequent daily services to Lille and Paris, some via the LGV Nord. There is also a small international airport, concentrating on business flights, at Merville-Calonne just 12 kilometre / 8 miles away. The town is connected to the national Autoroute network, which links Hazebrouck with Dunkirk and Lille and, less directly, Arras, Paris, Calais and Brussels.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
^ "Commune d'Hazebrouck". INSEE. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
^ "WW1 Battles of the Ypres Salient". www.greatwar.co.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
^ Edmonds 1995, pp. 254–281, 305–329.
^ Becke 2007, pp. 63, 71.
^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Hazebrouck, EHESS (in French).
^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
^ "Résultats élections: Hazebrouck". Le Monde.
^ "Town Twinning". Faversham Town Council. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

Sources

Becke, A. F. (2007) [1934]. History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 1: The Regular British Divisions (Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 978-1-84734-738-1.
Edmonds, J. E.; et al. (1995) [1937]. Military Operations France and Belgium: 1918 March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-89839-223-4.