Grail (web browser)

Grail
Grail 0.6 running under Python 2.7 on Linux
Original author(s)	Guido van Rossum^[1]^[2]
Developer(s)	Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI)
Initial release	August 1995; 29 years ago (1995-08)

Preview release	0.6 / 1 April 1999; 25 years ago (1999-04-01)

Repository	sourceforge.net/projects/grail/
Written in	Python
Type	Web browser
License	Free software license^[3]
Website	grail.sourceforge.net

Grail was a free extensible multi-platform web browser written in the Python programming language. The project was started in August 1995, with its first public release in November of that year.^[4] The last official release was version 0.6 in 1999.

One of the major distinguishing features of Grail was the ability to run client-side Python code, in much the same way as mainstream browsers run client-side JavaScript code.^[5]^[6]

The name Grail is thought to be a tribute to Monty Python and the Holy Grail, a film by the British comedy group Monty Python. The name follows a similar suit to that of Python's─the programming language was too named after Monty Python.

References

^ Scripting the Web with Python^{[permanent dead link‍]}, I wrote Grail version 0.1 in less than two weeks, as a sort of demo; it consisted of under 2000 lines in 14 source files. It was released in August 1995., Guido van Rossum
^ Mark Lutz (2001). Programming Python. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 519. ISBN 978-0-596-00085-1.
^ Grail source license
^ Grail - The Browser For The Rest Of Us (DRAFT)
^ 18.5.1. A Simple Grail Applet Example, Thinking about Programming Python, 3rd Edition - Advanced Internet Topics - Grail A Python Based Web Browser, CodeIdol
^ Henricksen, Karen (15 October 1999). "5.2 Grail architecture" (PDF). Adaptive Applications in Mobile Environments. Indulska, Jadwiga (supervisor): 47. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

External links

Official website

Timeline of web browsers

General
Comparison lightweight History List for Unix Usage share

1990s

1990	WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1991	Line Mode Browser libwww
1992	Erwise MacWWW (Samba) MidasWWW tkWWW ViolaWWW
1993	AMosaic Arena Cello Emacs/W3 Lynx 2 NCSA Mosaic VMS Mosaic
1994	AirMosaic Internet in a Box ANT Fresco Argo IBM WebExplorer SlipKnot Minuet Navipress Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator Spyglass Mosaic TCP/Connect II
1995	Agora ALynx AMSD Ariadna Cyberjack eWorld Web Browser Grail Internet Explorer 1 Internet Explorer 2 Netscape Navigator 2 NetShark OmniWeb HotJava UdiWWW WebShark w3m
1996	Cyberdog Arachne AWeb IBrowse Amaya Internet Explorer 3 Netscape Navigator 3 Opera 2 Oracle PowerBrowser tcpCONNECT4 Voyager
1997	Netscape Communicator Internet Explorer 4 Opera 2.1
1998	NeoPlanet Mozilla Application Suite Opera 3–3.21
1999	iCab Internet Explorer 5 OmniWeb 3 Opera 3.5–3.62

2000s

2000	Beonex Communicator Galeon K-Meleon Konqueror MediaBrowser Netscape 6 Opera 4–4.02
2001	iCab 2.5 Internet Explorer 6 OmniWeb 4 Opera 5–5.12
2002	Camino Epiphany Netscape 7 Opera 6–6.1
2003	GreenBrowser Maxthon Opera 7–7.3 Safari SlimBrowser
2004	Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox Opera 7.5–7.55
2005	AOL Explorer Deepnet Explorer Firefox 1.5 Netscape Browser Opera 8–8.54 Safari 2
2006	Firefox 2 Internet Explorer 7 Opera 9–9.27
2007	Maxthon 2 Opera 9.5–9.64 Safari 3 SeaMonkey 1.1
2008	Chrome Firefox 3 Netscape Navigator 9 NetSurf 1.2
2009	Chrome 2–3 Firefox 3.5 Internet Explorer 8 Opera 10–10.63 Pale Moon Safari 4 SeaMonkey 2.0

2010s

2010	Chrome 4–8 Firefox 3.6 Lunascape 6.0.1 Maxthon 3 NetSurf 2.5 Opera 11–11.64 Safari 5
2011	Chrome 9–16 Firefox 4–9 Internet Explorer 9 Lunascape 6.5 Opera 12–12.17 SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4 Waterfox
2012	Chrome 17–23 Firefox 10–17 Internet Explorer 10 Lunascape 6.7 Maxthon 3.4 NetSurf 2.9 Safari 6 Yandex Browser
2013	Chrome 24–31 Firefox 18–26 Internet Explorer 11 Opera 15–18 Safari 7 SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22
2014	Chrome 32–39 Firefox 27–34 Lunascape 6.9 NetSurf 3.1 Opera 19–26 Safari 8 SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31
2015	Chrome 40–47 Firefox 35–43 Lunascape 6.10–6.12 Microsoft Edge 20, 25 Opera 27–34 Safari 9 SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39 Vivaldi Technical Preview 1–Beta 2
2016	Brave 0.7–0.12 Chrome 48–55 Firefox 44–50 Lunascape 6.13–6.15 Microsoft Edge 38 Opera 35–42 Safari 10 Vivaldi Beta 3–1.6 Yandex 15.12–16.9
2017	Brave 0.13–0.19 Chrome 56–63 Firefox 51–57 Microsoft Edge 40, 41 Opera 43–49 Safari 11 SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49 Vivaldi 1.7–1.13
2018	Basilisk Brave 0.20–0.60 Chrome 64–71 Firefox 58–64 Microsoft Edge 42–44 Opera 50–57 Safari 12 Vivaldi 1.14–2.2 Waterfox 56.0–56.2 Yandex 17.9–18.10
2019	Brave 0.61–1.1 Chrome 72–79 Firefox 65–71 Microsoft Edge 44 Opera 58–65 Safari 13 Vivaldi 2.3–2.10 Waterfox 60.1–68.0a2 Whale 1.4–1.5 Yandex 18.11–19.12

2020s

2020	Brave 1.2–1.18 Chrome 80–87 Firefox 72–84 Microsoft Edge 79–87 Opera 66–73 SeaMonkey 2.53 Vivaldi 2.11–3.5 Safari 14
2021	Brave 1.19–1.33 Chrome 88–96 Firefox 85–95 Microsoft Edge 88–96 Opera 74–82 SeaMonkey 2.53.10.2 Vivaldi 3.6–5.0 Yandex 20.11.5–21.3 Safari 15
2022	Arc 0.46–0.81 Brave 1.34–1.46 Chrome 97–108 Firefox 96–108 Microsoft Edge 97–108 Opera 83–94 Vivaldi 5.1–5.6 Yandex 22.1–22.11 Safari 16
2023	Arc 0.85–1.21 Brave 1.47–1.61 Chrome 109–120 Firefox 109–121 Microsoft Edge 109–120 Opera 95–106 Vivaldi 5.7–6.5 Yandex 23.1–23.11 Safari 17
2024	Arc 1.25– Brave 1.62– Chrome 121– Firefox 122– Microsoft Edge 121– Opera 107– Vivaldi 6.6– Yandex 24.1– Safari 18

Related topics
3D Markup Language for Web ALIWEB ARPANET ASCII BITNET Browser wars CompuServe Elm Email File Transfer Protocol Gopher HTML HyperCard HyTelnet NCSA Telnet NLS Prodigy Teletext Telnet Usenet UUCP Videotex Viewdata Virtual Reality Markup Language Web page Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog World Wide Web X.25

This Web-software-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Sri Lanka

Disambiguazione – Ceylon rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Ceylon (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Sri Lanka non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Sri Lanka (dettagli) (dettagli) (SI) ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා(Sri Lanka Matha)(TA) ஸ்ரீ லங்கா தாயே(Sri Lanka...

العلاقات الآيسلندية الكورية الشمالية

العلاقات الآيسلندية الكورية الشمالية آيسلندا كوريا الشمالية آيسلندا كوريا الشمالية تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الآيسلندية الكورية الشمالية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين آيسلندا وكوريا الشمالية.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذ...

الدوري النمساوي 1983–84

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) الدوري النمساوي 1983–84 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري النمساوي النسخة 73 البلد النمسا المنظم اتحاد النمسا ...

Veliče Šumulikoski

Macedonian footballer Veliče Šumulikoski Šumulikoski with Macedonia in 2011Personal informationDate of birth (1981-04-24) 24 April 1981 (age 42)Place of birth Lozani, Strusko, SR Macedonia(now North Macedonia)Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)Position(s) Central midfielderTeam informationCurrent team 1. FC Slovácko (director of football)Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1999–2001 Publikum Celje 56 (4)2002–2003 Synot 55 (2)2004–2006 Zenit Saint Petersburg 46 (1)2006–200...

Denial (Freud)

Part of a series of articles onPsychoanalysis Concepts Psychosexual development Psychosocial development (Erikson) Unconscious Preconscious Consciousness Psychic apparatus Id, ego and superego Ego defenses Projection Introjection Libido Drive Transference Countertransference Resistance Denial Dreamwork Cathexis Important figures Abraham Adler Balint Bion Breuer Chodorow Erikson Fairbairn Ferenczi Freud (Anna) Freud (Sigmund) Fromm Horney Jacobson Jones Jung Kohut Klein Kristeva Lacan Laing La...

California Bureau of Automotive Repair

Bureau of Automotive RepairBAR headquarters in Rancho CordovaBureau overviewFormed1972JurisdictionCaliforniaHeadquartersRancho Cordova, CaliforniaBureau executivePatrick DoraisBureau ChiefParent departmentCalifornia Department of Consumer AffairsWebsitewww.bar.ca.gov The Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR) is part of the California Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA), whose mission is to promote and protect the interests of California consumers. BAR provides a wide range of consumer protection...

Nikolai Bukharin

Nikolai Bukharin Nama dalam bahasa asli(ru) Николай Иванович Бухарин BiografiKelahiran9 Oktober 1888 Moskow (Kekaisaran Rusia) Kematian15 Maret 1938 (49 tahun)Lapangan tembak Kommunarka Penyebab kematianLuka tembak Tempat pemakamanLapangan tembak Kommunarka Galat: Kedua parameter tahun harus terisi! Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee 2 Juni 1924 – 17 November 1929 Candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee 25 Maret 1919 ...

Clovis, New Mexico

City in the United States City in New Mexico, United StatesClovis, New MexicoCityMain Street in September 2015 SealMotto: A City On The Move – Come Grow With Us!Location of Clovis, New MexicoClovis, New MexicoLocation in the contiguous United StatesCoordinates: 34°24′45″N 103°12′17″W / 34.41250°N 103.20472°W / 34.41250; -103.20472CountryUnited StatesStateNew MexicoCountyCurryIncorporated1909[1]Government • City ManagerJustin Howal...

2023 Russia–Africa Summit

International summit in Saint Petersburg For the 2019 event, see 2019 Russia–Africa Summit. This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 2023 Russia–Africa SummitHost countryRussiaDate27–28 July 2023Motto...

Chievo (Verona)

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la squadra di calcio, vedi Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento centri abitati del Veneto non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. ChievofrazioneChievo – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Veneto Provincia Verona Comune Verona TerritorioCoordinate45°2...

Farnesyl pyrophosphate

Farnesyl pyrophosphate Names Preferred IUPAC name (2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate Identifiers CAS Number 13058-04-3 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 393270 N MeSH farnesyl+pyrophosphate PubChem CID 445713 UNII 79W6B01D07 Y InChI InChI=1S/C15H28O7P2/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-21-24(19,20)22-23(16,17)18/h7,9,11H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3,(H,19,20)(H2,16,17,18)/b14-9+,15-11+Key: VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-YFVJMOTDSA-N SMILES CC...

Schilde

For the river of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, see Schilde (Schaale). Municipality in Flemish Community, BelgiumSchildeMunicipalitySint-Guibertus church FlagCoat of armsLocation of Schilde SchildeLocation in Belgium Location of Schilde in the province of Antwerp Coordinates: 51°14′N 04°34′E / 51.233°N 4.567°E / 51.233; 4.567Country BelgiumCommunityFlemish CommunityRegionFlemish RegionProvinceAntwerpArrondissementAntwerpGovernment • MayorDirk...

Pierre Pestieau

This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Pierre Pestieau – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Pierre Pestieau (born 10 ...

Lormetazepam

Benzodiazepine medication LormetazepamClinical dataTrade namesNoctamid, Loramet, othersOther namesMethyllorazepam; Methyl-lorazepam; N-Methyllorazepam; Ro 5-5516AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug NamesPregnancycategory D Routes ofadministrationOral, intravenous[1]Drug classBenzodiazepineATC codeN05CD06 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs)[2] CA: Schedule IV DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses) US: Schedule ...

Míriam Colón

Míriam ColónColón pada tahun 1962LahirMíriam Colón Valle(1936-08-20)20 Agustus 1936Ponce, Puerto RikoMeninggal3 Maret 2017(2017-03-03) (umur 80)Albuquerque, New Mexico, Amerika SerikatSebab meninggalKomplikasi paru-paruPekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif1953–2015Suami/istriFred Valle Míriam Colón (20 Agustus 1936 – 3 Maret 2017) adalah aktris asal Puerto Rico dan juga pendiri dan sutradara Puerto Rican Traveling Theater di Kota New York. Filmografi Audio luar Y...

سفسك

سفسك شعار الإحداثيات 52°09′00″N 34°29′38″E / 52.15°N 34.493888888889°E / 52.15; 34.493888888889 تقسيم إداري البلد روسيا[1] خصائص جغرافية ارتفاع 170 متر عدد السكان عدد السكان 5800 (1856)[2]9200 (1897)[2]11400 (1913)[2]8600 (1926)[2]6600 (1931)[2]6906 (1939)[3]6159 (1959)[4]72...

Perseus

Ancient Greek hero and founder of Mycenae For other uses, see Perseus (disambiguation). PerseusKing of ArgosFounder and king of MycenaeSlayer of Medusa and CetusPerseus with the Head of Medusa by Benvenuto Cellini (1554)AbodeSeriphus, then ArgosSymbolMedusa's headPersonal informationParentsZeus and DanaëSiblingsSeveral paternal half-siblingsConsortAndromedaChildrenPerses, Heleus, Alcaeus, Sthenelus, Electryon, Mestor, Cynurus, Gorgophone, Autochthe This article contains special characters. W...

دير الأنبا بولا

دير الأنبا بولا دير الأنبا بولا معلومات دير تعديل مصدري - تعديل دير الأنبا بولا هو دير قبطي أرثوذكسي وأحد أقدم الأديرة المصرية يقع في الصحراء الشرقية بالقرب من جبال البحر الأحمر. يبعد حوالي 155 كم (96 ميل) جنوب شرق القاهرة.[1] سمي بهذا الاسم نسبة الى الأنبا بولا. كما ويُع...

Daftar perayaan penghargaan Festival Film Indonesia

Festival Film IndonesiaDeskripsiPrestasi dalam perfilman IndonesiaNegaraIndonesiaDipersembahkan oleh Badan Perfilman Indonesia Kemendikbudristek RI Diberikan perdana1955 (Piala Citra)1986 (Piala Vidia) Festival Film Indonesia pertama kali diselenggarakan pada tahun 1955 dan berlanjut pada tahun 1960 dan 1967 (dengan nama Pekan Apresiasi Film Nasional), sebelum akhirnya mulai diselenggarakan secara teratur pada tahun 1973.[1] Mulai penyelenggaraan tahun 1979, sistem Unggulan (Nominasi)...

Kim cương kinh

Bài viết này cần thêm chú thích nguồn gốc để kiểm chứng thông tin. Mời bạn giúp hoàn thiện bài viết này bằng cách bổ sung chú thích tới các nguồn đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ. Kinh điển Phật giáo Kinh Bộ kinh & A-hàm kinh Chuyển pháp luân kinh Pháp cú kinh Từ kinh Bản sinh kinh Tứ niệm xứ kinh Đại-bát Niết-bàn kinh Bát-nhã kinh Bát-nhã tâm kinh ...