Goodenough Island

Goodenough Island
Goodenough Island is located in Papua New Guinea
Goodenough Island
Goodenough Island
Geography
LocationMelanesia
Coordinates9°22′S 150°16′E / 9.367°S 150.267°E / -9.367; 150.267
ArchipelagoD'Entrecasteaux Islands
Area687 km2 (265 sq mi)
Highest elevation2,536 m (8320 ft)
Highest pointMount Vineuo
Administration
Demographics
Population20,814 (2000)

Goodenough Island in the Solomon Sea, also known as Nidula Island, is the westernmost of the three large islands of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. It lies to the east of mainland New Guinea and southwest of the Trobriand Islands.[1] It is roughly circular in shape, measuring 39 by 26 kilometres (24 by 16 mi) with an area of 687 square kilometres (265 sq mi) and a shoreline of 116 kilometres (72 mi). A coastal belt varying in width from 2 to 10 kilometres (1.2 to 6.2 mi) is covered in grasslands and dissected by streams and coastal swamps. The island rises sharply to the summit of Mount Vineuo, 2,536 metres (8,320 ft) above sea level, making it one of the most precipitous islands in the world.[2] The small outlier Wagifa Island lies to the south-east of the island, and is included within Goodenough's administration.

Climate and vegetation

Like much of New Guinea, the climate is tropical with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The northwest monsoon season lasts from December to March and brings sudden rain squalls. From May to October southeasterly winds are cooler and more gentle. Tropical cyclones are infrequent. Rainfall varies between 1,520 mm and 2,540 mm per annum. Serious droughts occur once or twice a decade. Rushing streams with waterfalls drain water from the central mountain. Rain forest cloaks the higher elevations with secondary forest, grassland and native gardens on the lower slopes and coastal plains. Soils are acidic.

A rare edible citrus plant, Citrus wakonai (Citrus warburgiana; locally called "kakamadu", a name shared with other citrus species),[3] grows on Goodenough Island.[4]

History

The D'Entrecasteaux Islands have probably been inhabited for several thousand years, the people being related to mainland Papuans.[5] The first sighting of the archipelago by a European was by the French mariner Joseph Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux in 1792[6] but it remained unexplored by Europeans until 1874 when Captain John Moresby, commanding HMS Basilisk, landed on the westernmost island and gave it a European name after a British naval colleague, Commodore James Graham Goodenough.

The impact of western culture after Moresby's visit and before World War II was limited to missionaries, ethnographers and traders seeking whales, pearls or gold. In 1888 William MacGregor visited the island in his role as administrator of the newly proclaimed British New Guinea. In 1891 the Methodist Church of Australia established a mission station on Dobu Island (between Ferguson and Normanby Islands) under the direction of William Bromilow. From there mission stations were established in strategic centres in the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands and the Louisiade Archipelago.[7] In particular, in 1898 a mission station was established in Bwaidoga, Mud Bay, Goodenough Island. By that time traders had already created a regular demand for steel tools, cloth, and twist tobacco and the Dobu mission was recruiting natives to work in gold mines and copra plantations. These activities, and indeed the farming and hunting activities of the traditional people, were confined to localised areas on the fringing plains of the island. The mountainous hinterland remained entirely unknown and unpopulated above 1,100 m.

World War II

On 25 August 1942, a Japanese convoy of seven motorised landing craft (MLC) with 353 marines of 5th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force stopped to rest at the south end of Goodenough Island. They were led by Commander Tsukioka and were bound for Taupota and participation in the Battle of Milne Bay. They became stranded when their MLCs were destroyed by No. 75 Squadron RAAF Kittyhawks.[8]

On 22 October 1942 the Australian warships HMAS Stuart and HMAS Arunta disembarked 640 soldiers consisting of the Australian 2/12th Battalion, of the 18th Brigade from Milne Bay.[8] They landed on both sides of the island's southern tip during the night. Intense fighting occurred during 23 October and during the night a successful rescue mission evacuated about 250 Japanese soldiers by submarine to Fergusson Island, where they were taken by cruiser to Rabaul.[8] The remaining Japanese defenders were mopped up and the island declared secured by 27 October.[8]

The occupation force remained on the island until 28 December 1942. During that time they used deception and camouflage to make the Japanese believe that a brigade sized force was occupying the island. They fabricated a 'ghost force' of dummy structures, including a hospital, anti-aircraft guns constructed of logs pointed at the sky, and barricades of jungle vines which looked like barbed wire. They also lit fires to appear as cooking fires for large numbers of soldiers, and sent messages consistent with what a brigade of soldiers would be expected to send.[9]

During that time an American airfield engineer reported that a temporary airfield could be constructed for emergency use on the site of an existing mission airstrip on the northeastern plain near Vivigani. He also recommended that a permanent 6,000-foot-long (1,800 m) airstrip be constructed.[10]

The Fifth Air Force directed the RAAF's No. 9 Group to attack enemy bases in New Britain. To facilitate this, General Headquarters Operations Instructions No.31, dated 11 March 1943, set out that Goodenough Island, which was garrisoned by an Australian infantry battalion group with attached service groups and two Radar stations, was to be reinforced and prepared as an air force operating base with two landing strips, initially suitable for fighters, but with one being upgraded to handle heavy bombers. The fighter strip was available on 15 June. By the end of July, there were 3,614 RAAF personnel on the island.[11] The bomber strip was completed on 20 October,[12] although it is recorded that the first offensive use of the airfield was on 17 May by Beauforts of No. 100 Squadron RAAF.

As a part of Operation Cartwheel, Vivigani Airfield became an important staging point for Australian and American operations in the South West Pacific Area, an objective of which was to attack Rabaul in New Britain, the stronghold of Imperial Japanese forces.

RAAF Units active on Goodenough Island

Squadron[13] Aircraft
6 General reconnaissance/Bomber Squadron Hudson Beaufort
8 Bomber Squadron Beaufort
22 Bomber Squadron Boston
30 Attack Squadron Beaufighter
75 Fighter Squadron Kittyhawk
76 Fighter Squadron Kittyhawk
77 Fighter Squadron Kittyhawk
79 Fighter Squadron Spitfire
100 Bomber squadron Beaufort
8 Communication Unit Tiger Moth, Boomerang, Dornier Do 24, Vengeance, Walrus, Catalina, Beaufort, Beaufreighter, Beaufighter

RAAF logistics units active on Goodenough Island

Squadron[14]
4 Mobile Works Squadron. (Renamed 4 Airfield Construction Squadron July 1944)
5 Mobile Works Squadron. (Renamed 5 Airfield Construction Squadron July 1944)
7 Mobile Works Squadron. (Renamed 7 Airfield Construction Squadron July 1944)
26 Air Stores Park
16 Stores Unit. (Renamed 6 Stores and Shipping Unit April 1943)
7 Transportation and Movements Office
10 Repair and Salvage Unit
26 Repair and Salvage Unit
2 Medical Receiving Station
6 Medical Receiving Station

Culture

The four languages of Goodenough (Bwaidoka, Iduna, Diodio, and Buduna or Wataluma) belong to the Milne Bay Family of Austronesian languages. The dominant language, Bwaidoka, was adopted as a lingua franca by the Wesleyan (Methodist) Mission at the turn of the century. At the 2000 census the population was 20,814.[15]

List of villages working clockwise around Goodenough Island starting at Vivigani Airfield on the northeast coastal plain, as shown in Google Earth.

  • Vivigani (this is not an actual village per se, although there are several in the vicinity of the airstrip)
  • Bolubolu (the administrative centre)
  • Mataita
  • Faiava
  • Wailagi (United Church mission station and 1–6 Elementary School)
  • Wagifa
  • Kilia
  • Lauwela
  • Auwale
  • Debenefue
  • Diodio
  • Tatala
  • Waibula
  • Ufaufa
  • Wataluma Mission and Plantation
  • Ulutuya Mission

Protected area

The Oya Madawa Wildlife Management Area in the centre of the island has an area of 22,840 hectares (56,400 acres). It provides a critical landscape function with a relatively high number of endemic, endangered and vulnerable species. The small black dorcopsis (Dorcopsis atrata), the only wallaby known to be endemic to a Pacific island, is endangered and needs careful management.[16] Another species, the agile wallaby (Macropus agilis), was abundant but cannot be found today.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://islands.unep.ch/IHD.htm#850
  2. ^ "Papua New Guinea - Goodenough Island". Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  3. ^ Paul I. Forster & Malcolm W. Smith (2010), "Citrus wakonai P.I.Forst. & M.W.Sm. (Rutaceae), a new species from Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea" (PDF), Austrobaileya, 8 (2): 133–138, JSTOR 41739123
  4. ^ Mike Saalfeld. "The_Quest_for_Wakonai page19". homecitrusgrowers.co.uk.
  5. ^ "history and cultural relations - Goodenough Island". Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  6. ^ Bruni d'Entrecasteaux
  7. ^ "Bromilow, William Edward (1857–1929)". Biography - William Edward Bromilow - Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d Dunn, Richard L. "September 11th, 1942 – The Rest of the Story". j-aircraft.com. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  9. ^ Elias, Ann,"Camouflage Australia: Art, Nature, Science and War".(Sydney: "Sydney University Press"., 2011), pp. xix, 155–162.
  10. ^ Com, Pacificwrecks. "Pacific Wrecks". Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  11. ^ "Home - Australian War Memorial" (PDF). Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  12. ^ "5ACSGOODENOUGH". Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  13. ^ http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/AJRP/remember.nsf/709e228818bdf765ca256a9a001dad4d/e3366413732a55fcca256b5a0018e722?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,goodenough
  14. ^ http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/AJRP/remember.nsf/709e228818bdf765ca256a9a001dad4d/733fe68936726620ca256b5a001955cc?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,goodenough
  15. ^ "Travel and Tourism in Papua New Guinea". Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  16. ^ Leary, T.; Wright, D.; Hamilton, S.; Singadan, R.; Menzies, J.; Bonaccorso, F.; Helgen, K.; Seri, L.; Allison, A.; James, R. (2016). "Dorcopsis atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6794A21952571. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6794A21952571.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  17. ^ "404". {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)

9°22′S 150°16′E / 9.367°S 150.267°E / -9.367; 150.267

Read other articles:

Josiah WarrenFoto oleh Frank Rowell, Studio, 25 Winter St. Boston, Mass., Amerika SerikatLahir26 Juni 1798[1]Boston, Massachusetts, Amerika SerikatMeninggal14 April 1874(1874-04-14) (umur 75)Boston, Massachusetts, Amerika SerikatTempat pemakamanMount Auburn Cemetery,[2] Cambridge, Massachusetts, Amerika SerikatSuami/istriCaroline CatterAnakGeorge William WarrenPhilosophy career EraAbad ke-19KawasanFilsafat BaratAliran Sosialisme utopia Individualisme Anarkisme individual...

 

1924 novel by Ford Madox Ford This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Some Do Not ... – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Some Do Not … AuthorFord Madox FordSeriesParade's EndPublisherT. SeltzerPublication date1924OCLC196284...

 

City in England This article is about the city in England. For the namesake football club, see Liverpool F.C. For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). City and metropolitan borough in EnglandLiverpoolCity and metropolitan boroughLiverpool waterfront seen from the River MerseyRoyal Albert DockThree GracesSt George's HallLiverpool Town HallLiverpool Metropolitan CathedralAnglican Cathedral Church of the Risen Christ Coat of armsLiver birdNicknames: The Capital City of North Wales ...

Activities associated with the governance of EthiopiaThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (January 2013) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve th...

 

Internationaux de Strasbourg 2011 Sport Tennis Data 16 maggio – 21 maggio Edizione 25a Superficie Terra rossa Località Strasburgo, Francia Campioni Singolare Andrea Petković Doppio Akgul Amanmuradova / Chuang Chia-jung 2010 2012 L'Internationaux de Strasbourg 2011 è stato un torneo femminile di tennis giocato sulla terra rossa. È stata la 25ª edizione del torneo che fa parte della categoria International nell'ambito del WTA Tour 2011. Si è giocato a Strasburgo in Francia dal 16 al 21...

 

Temple de l'Amour created for Marie Antoinette and the Jardin de la Reine at Versailles Marie Antoinette's idyllic Hameau de la Reine at Versailles The French landscape garden (French: jardin anglais, jardin à l'anglaise, jardin paysager, jardin pittoresque, jardin anglo-chinois)[1] is a style of garden inspired by idealized romantic landscapes and the paintings of Hubert Robert, Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin, European ideas about Chinese gardens, and the philosophy of Jean-Jacq...

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Maria Theresia (disambiguasi). Maria TheresiaLukisan karya Martin van Meytens, 1759Maharani Romawi SuciRatu TeutonikumBerkuasa13 September 1745 – 18 Agustus 1765Penobatan13 September 1745Adipati Wanita Utama AustriaRatu Hungaria dan KroasiaBerkuasa20 Oktober 1740 – 29 November 1780Penobatan25 Juni 1741PendahuluKarl IIIPenerusJoseph IIRatu BöhmenBerkuasa20 Oktober 1740 – 19 Desember 1741PendahuluKarl IIPenerusKarl AlbrechtBerkuasa12 Mei 1743 – 29 November 17...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité de la province de Namur. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Mouzaive La Semois et le village dans leur cadre de verdure. Administration Pays Belgique Région  Région wallonne Communauté  Communauté française Province Province de Namur Arrondissement Dinant Commune Vresse-sur-Semois Code postal 5550 Zone téléphonique 061 Démograph...

 

Garbi Trakya Hükûmet-i MüstakilesiProsorini Kyvernisi Dytikis Thrakisغربی تراقیا حكومت مستقله‌سیΠροσωρινή Κυβέρνηση Δυτικής Θράκης1913–1913 BenderaStatusPemerintahan sementara, belakangan merdekaIbu kotaKomotiniPemerintahanPemerintahan sementara bersistem republikSejarah • Didirikan 31 Agustus 1913• Dibubarkan 25 Oktober 1913 Didahului oleh Digantikan oleh krjKerajaan Bulgaria krjKerajaan Bulgaria Sunting kotak in...

2023 Philippine historical biographical film by Pepe Diokno GomBurZaTheatrical release posterDirected byPepe DioknoWritten by Rodolfo C. Vera Pepe Diokno Produced by Pauline Mangilog-Saltarin Ernestine Tamana Starring Dante Rivero Cedrick Juan Enchong Dee CinematographyCarlo Canlas MendozaEdited byBen TolentinoMusic byTeresa BarrozoProductioncompanies Jesuit Communications MQuest Ventures CMB Film Services Distributed by Solar Pictures[1] Release date December 25, 2023 ...

 

  「俄亥俄」重定向至此。关于其他用法,请见「俄亥俄 (消歧义)」。 俄亥俄州 美國联邦州State of Ohio 州旗州徽綽號:七葉果之州地图中高亮部分为俄亥俄州坐标:38°27'N-41°58'N, 80°32'W-84°49'W国家 美國加入聯邦1803年3月1日,在1953年8月7日追溯頒定(第17个加入联邦)首府哥倫布(及最大城市)政府 • 州长(英语:List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]) •&...

 

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修,以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引,幫助编辑這個條目。(幫助、討論) 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细,需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸,輔助�...

Il buono, il brutto, il cattivoLo scontro finale fra i tre protagonistiLingua originaleitaliano, inglese, spagnolo Paese di produzioneItalia Anno1966 Durata175 min178 min (versione estesa) Rapporto2,35:1 Generewestern, avventura RegiaSergio Leone SoggettoSergio Leone, Luciano Vincenzoni SceneggiaturaSergio Leone, Luciano Vincenzoni, Age & Scarpelli, Sergio Donati ProduttoreAlberto Grimaldi Casa di produzioneProduzioni Europee Associate, United Artists Distribuzione in italianoProduzio...

 

Illustration of the Scotland v England match at Raeburn Place in 1892. England and Scotland have been playing each other at rugby union since 1871 when Scotland beat England in the first ever rugby union international. A total of 142 matches have been played, with England having won 76 times, Scotland 47 times and nineteen matches have been drawn. Apart from fixtures played in the Home/Five/Six Nations Championship competitions, two games have been played at the Rugby World Cup: the 1991 Sem...

 

Mando DiaoInformasi latar belakangAsalBorlänge, SwediaGenreRockTahun aktif1995–sekarangLabelNettwerk, Mute, EMI, MajestySitus webwww.mando-diao.comAnggotaBjörn DixgårdCarl-Johan Fogelklou Daniel HaglundPatrik HeikinpietiMantan anggotaSamuel GiersFredrik NilssonAnton Grahnström Mats BjörkeGustaf Norén Mando Diao merupakan sebuah grup musik rock asal Swedia yang didirikan pada tahun 1995. Grup musik ini bermarkas di Borlänge. Anggotanya berjumlah 5 orang yaitu Gustaf Norén, Björn Dix...

Protein complex on the surface of T cells that recognizes antigens TCR complexThe T-cell receptor complex with TCR-α and TCR-β chains (top), two ζ-chain (CD247) accessory molecules (bottom) and CD3 (represented by CD3γ, CD3δ and two CD3ε).IdentifiersSymbolTCROPM superfamily166Membranome26 Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either cytotoxic CD8+ cells or helper CD4+ cells. T-cell receptor alpha locusIdentifiersSymbolTRAAlt. symbolsTCRA, TRA@NCBI gene6955HGNC12027OMIM186880...

 

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Dunia bawah (disambiguasi). Yggdrasil, suatu upaya modern untuk merekonstruksi pohon dunia Nordik yang menghubungkan langit, dunia, dan dunia bawah. Kedua kaki Dewa Wisnu sebagai Manusia Kosmis yang menggambarkan bumi dan tujuh alam dari Patala, dunia bawah Hindu. Kedua kakinya bersandar pada ular kosmis Shesha. Dunia bawah (bahasa Inggris: underworld, netherworld) adalah suatu dunia lain yang dianggap berada jauh di kedalaman atau di bawah permukaan dunia ini d...

 

Harry Julius in 1916 Henry George Harry Julius (15 November 1885[1] – 29 June 1938) was an Australian commercial artist who had a long association with Sydney Ure Smith. History Julius was born in Sydney.[1] While quite young he enlisted with volunteers and served in the Boer War as a bugler,[2] reputedly the youngest to serve overseas.[3] He learned the techniques of art at the Julian Ashton Art School, where he met Sydney Ure Smith, and together founded th...

鼠尾蝠科 大鼠尾蝠(英语:Greater mouse-tailed bat)(Rhinopoma microphyllum) 科学分类 界: 动物界 Animalia 门: 脊索动物门 Chordata 纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia 目: 翼手目 Chiroptera 科: 鼠尾蝠科 RhinopomatidaeBonaparte 1838[1] 属: 鼠尾蝠屬 RhinopomaGeoffroy 1818[1] 種 埃及鼠尾蝠(英语:Egyptian_mouse-tailed_bat) R. cystops 葉門鼠尾蝠(英语:Yemeni_mouse-tailed_bat) R. hadramauticum 小鼠尾蝠(英语�...

 

英國皇家空軍Royal Air Force國家或地區 英国效忠於英國君主種類空軍規模現役32,940人800+ 飛機直屬英國國防部司令部 英国白金漢郡海維康基地(英语:RAF High Wycombe)格言在逆境中飛向群星(拉丁語:Per ardua ad astra)進行曲皇家空軍進行曲(英语:Royal Air Force March Past)指挥官空軍參謀長迈克•威格斯顿(英语:Michael Wigston)空軍上將著名指揮官特倫查德(Lord Trenchard)查�...