Frangible nut

The frangible nut is a component used in many industries, but most commonly by NASA[citation needed], to sever mechanical connections. It is, by definition, an explosively-splittable nut. The bolt remains intact while the nut itself is split into two or more parts.[1]

Space Shuttle

Solid Rocket Booster Holddown System

Frangible nuts secured the solid rocket boosters (SRB) of the Space Shuttle, which were bolted to the mobile launcher platform (MLP) until liftoff. On the Shuttle, they were separated using NASA standard detonators (NSDs) and explosive booster cartridges. The space shuttle used two NSDs and booster cartridges for the frangible nut atop each of the four 28-inch-long (71 cm), 3.5-inch-diameter (8.9 cm) studs holding each SRB to the MLP. Once detonation occurred, the shuttle lifted free of the MLP. The broken nut and any fragments from detonation were captured by energy absorption material, such as metal foam, enclosed in a blast container to prevent damage to the shuttle. In case of NSD failure, or incomplete clearance of the nut from the bolt, the SRB had ample thrust to break the bolt itself and launch unhindered.

At launch, two pyrotechnic, or explosive, devices "break" a frangible nut into two halves, allowing the stud, which is under high tension, to eject into the hold-down post system and release the space shuttle from the MLP. A number of factors work to slow or interrupt the stud’s ejection velocity. At liftoff, a stud not ejected prior to the first space shuttle movement, which occurs approximately 200—250 milliseconds after ignition, becomes bound and/or pinched and results in a hang-up.[2]

Each frangible nut has two recesses 180 degrees apart, where a pyrotechnic device, or booster cartridge, and detonator are installed. At liftoff, each detonator receives a "fire" signal, which in turn initiates the booster cartridges, causing the frangible nut to fracture. Although only one is actually required to fire and break the frangible nut, two booster cartridges/detonators are used for redundancy. The difference in the booster cartridge function time of the two sides has been determined to decrease initial stud velocity and is determined to be a major contributor to stud hang-ups.[2]

The frangible nut has been modified to incorporate a crossover assembly which pyrotechnically "links" the two booster cartridges/detonators in each frangible nut, resulting in detonation of both sides within 50 microseconds or less, versus a typical difference of approximately 250 microseconds experienced prior to this design modification. With the time reduction, a greater initial velocity is achieved, thereby reducing the probability of a stud hang-up. After completion of extensive component qualification and system certification testing to prove the design goal of 50 microseconds or less had been achieved, the crossover system design was approved for flight. The first flight using this new design occurred on STS-126. The crossover system was installed in all eight holddown locations on the solid rocket boosters.[2]

External Tank Separation

Frangible nuts were also used for separation of the two aft structural attachments of the external tank prior to orbital insertion. The attach bolts were driven by the explosive force of the NSDs and a spring into a cavity in the tank strut. The nuts and all residual pieces of the NSDs were caught in a cover assembly within the shuttle.

References

  1. ^ "Frangible Nut Crossover System" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  2. ^ a b c "Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster - Frangible Nut Crossover System" (PDF). George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Read other articles:

أحمد آل خطاب مناصب عضو مجلس الأمة الأردني   في المنصب1997  – 2001  وزير الزراعة   في المنصب17 أكتوبر 2011  – أبريل 2012  وزير الزراعة   في المنصبمايو 2012  – 10 أكتوبر 2012  وزير الزراعة   في المنصب11 أكتوبر 2012  – 30 مارس 2013  معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة أحمد سليما�...

 

Iranian governmental body For the 4th constituent assembly in Iran, see Assembly of Experts for Constitution. Assembly of ExpertsLeadershipChairmanAhmad Jannati since 24 May 2016 First Deputy ChairmanEbrahim Raisi since 21 February 2023 Second Deputy ChairmanHashem Hosseini Bushehri since 21 February 2023 StructureSeats88 (6 vacant)Political groupsCombatant Clergy AssociationSociety of Seminary Teachers of QomPeople's ExpertsLength of term8 years[1]ElectionsVoting systemMulti-seat dis...

 

2021 Chinese romantic comedy film My LoveFilm posterChinese你的婚礼 Directed byHan TianWritten by Zhang Ying Jiao Tingting Han Tian Based onOn Your Wedding Day by Lee Seok-GeunStarring Greg Hsu Zhang Ruonan Ding Guansen Yan Zidong Guo Cheng Wang Shasha Productioncompanies Youth Enlight Dream Chaser Pictures Release dates April 27, 2021 (2021-04-27) (SAGA Luxury Cinemas) April 30, 2021 (2021-04-30) (China) Running time115 minutesCountryChinaLanguageMan...

Isekai YakkyokuSampul novel ringan volume pertama異世界薬局(Isekai Yakkyoku)GenreFantasi, isekai, medis Seri novelPengarangLiz TakayamaPenerbitShōsetsuka ni NarōTerbitJuli 2015 – sekarang Novel ringanPengarangLiz TakayamaIlustratorkeepoutPenerbitMedia FactoryImprintMF BooksDemografiPriaTerbitJanuari 2016 – sekarangVolume9 MangaPengarangLiz TakayamaIlustratorSei TakanoPenerbitKadokawa ShotenMajalahComicWalkerDemografiSeinenTerbitNovember 2016 – sekarangVolume9 Seri animeSutradaraK...

 

City gate in Paris You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (February 2015) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this ...

 

US commemorative fifty-cent piece (1921) Missouri Centennial half dollarUnited StatesValue50 cents (0.50 US dollars)Mass12.5 gDiameter30.61 mm (1.20 in)Thickness2.15 mm (0.08 in)EdgeReededComposition 90.0% silver 10.0% copper Silver0.36169 troy ozYears of minting1921Mintage50,028 with 28 pieces for the Assay Commission (29,600 melted)Mint marksNone, all pieces struck at the Philadelphia Mint without mint markObverseDesignBust of Daniel BooneDesignerRobert In...

German sculptor, painter and graphic artist This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ludwig Manzel – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ludwig Manzel (1912), by Fritz Burger (1877-1916), the art historian. Karl Ludwig Manzel (3 June 1858,...

 

  关于与「友谊勋章 (俄罗斯)」標題相近或相同的条目页,請見「友谊勋章 (消歧义)」。 友谊勋章类型单级勋章(仅设有一个等级)授予原因加强各民族友谊、交流与合作国家/地区俄罗斯 颁发单位 俄羅斯颁授资格俄罗斯国民及世界各民族人民設立時間1994年3月2日[1]首次颁发康斯坦丁·蒂托夫(萨马拉州州长)绶带 优先顺序上等荣誉勋章下等光荣父母�...

 

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Elf (disambiguasi). ElfPoster rilis teatrikalSutradaraJon FavreauProduser Jon Berg Todd Komarnicki Shauna Robertson Ditulis olehDavid BerenbaumPemeran Will Ferrell James Caan Zooey Deschanel Mary Steenburgen Daniel Tay Bob Newhart Ed Asner NaratorBob NewhartPenata musikJohn DebneySinematograferGreg GardinerPenyuntingDan LebentalPerusahaanproduksiGuy Walks Into a Bar ProductionsDistributorNew Line CinemaTanggal rilis 07 November 2003 (2003-11-07) Durasi97 ...

Quận Trường Ninh 长宁区Diện mạo quận Trường NinhTổng quanQuốc gia Trung QuốcQuản lý hành chínhThượng Hải, Trung QuốcPhân loại hành chínhQuận nội thànhThời gian thành lập1947- Số trấn1- Số nhai đạo9Địa lýTổng diện tích37.19 km2Dân số và kinh tếTổng dân số (2010)623,041 người đăng ký hộ khẩu690,571 người thường trúKhácMã bưu chính200050Mã vùng điện thoại21Trang web:www.changning...

 

Data structure for Boolean functions Branching program redirects here. For other uses, see NC (complexity) § Barrington's theorem. In computer science, a binary decision diagram (BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. On a more abstract level, BDDs can be considered as a compressed representation of sets or relations. Unlike other compressed representations, operations are performed directly on the compressed representation, i.e. with...

 

Season of television series Season of television series South ParkSeason 3Home media release coverNo. of episodes17ReleaseOriginal networkComedy CentralOriginal releaseApril 7, 1999 (1999-04-07) –January 12, 2000 (2000-01-12)Season chronology← PreviousSeason 2Next →Season 4List of episodes The third season of South Park, an American animated television comedy series, aired on Comedy Central from April 7, 1999, to January 12, 2000.[1] The season was head...

Vaccination initiative by the Indian government Countries that received doses of the Indian-made Covaxin as of 6 March 2021 Vaccine Maitri (Vaccine Friendship)[1] is a humanitarian initiative undertaken by the Indian government to provide COVID-19 vaccines to countries around the world.[2] The government started providing vaccines from 20 January 2021. As of 21 February 2022, India had delivered around 16.29 crore (162.9 million) doses of vaccines to 96 countries. ...

 

LiveLeakHalaman depan pada Bulan April 2008URLhttp://www.liveleak.com/TipeLayanan penyimpanan videoBersifat komersial?YaPendaftaranOptionalBahasaInggris PemilikTidak diketahuiPembuatHayden Hewitt (co-pendiri)Berdiri sejakOctober 31, 2006Service retirement (en) 5 Mei 2021 Lokasi kantor pusatLondon NegaraBritania Raya Peringkat Alexa1.170 (29 November 2017) LiveLeak adalah situs berbagi video yang mempersilakan pengguna memasukan dan berbagi video, mirip dengan YouTube. LiveLeak menekankan pada...

 

This page is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. Notablity of medical devices I've tagged some claims in Venowave, and I wonder if the subject is notable. Any guidance on the notability of medical devices? I don't know the particulars of this article, but does one randomized controlled trial on a device establish notability, for example? Biosthmors (talk) 20:18...

Prime minister of New Zealand from 1974 to 1975 The Right HonourableSir Bill RowlingKCMGRowling in 197430th Prime Minister of New ZealandIn office6 September 1974 – 12 December 1975MonarchElizabeth IIGovernor‑GeneralDenis BlundellDeputyBob TizardPreceded byNorman KirkSucceeded byRobert Muldoon22nd Leader of the OppositionIn office12 December 1975 – 3 February 1983DeputyBob TizardDavid LangePreceded byRobert MuldoonSucceeded byDavid Lange8th Leader of the New Z...

 

Dog breedPuliPuliOther namesHungarian PuliCommon nicknamesHungarian Water DogOriginHungaryKennel club standardsFédération Cynologique Internationale standardDog (domestic dog) The Puli (plural pulis or pulik)[1][2][3] is a small-medium breed of Hungarian herding dog known for its long, corded coat. The tight curls of the coat appear similar to dreadlocks. A similar-looking, but much larger breed – also Hungarian – is the Komondor. Description Appearance Black Pul...

 

札幌大谷大学短期大学部 大学設置 1961年創立 1906年学校種別 私立設置者 学校法人札幌大谷学園本部所在地 北海道札幌市東区北16条東9丁目北緯43度4分56.1秒 東経141度21分59.35秒 / 北緯43.082250度 東経141.3664861度 / 43.082250; 141.3664861座標: 北緯43度4分56.1秒 東経141度21分59.35秒 / 北緯43.082250度 東経141.3664861度 / 43.082250; 141.3664861学部 保育科研究科 ...

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ليونيل ألفاريز (توضيح). ليونيل ألفاريز (بالإسبانية: Leonel Álvarez)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 29 يوليو 1965 (العمر 59 سنة) الطول 1.80 م (5 قدم 11 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية كولومبيا  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي ريونيغرو أغيلاس (مدرب) المسيرة الاحت�...

 

2010 2019 Élection présidentielle ukrainienne de 2014 25 mai 2014 Corps électoral et résultats Inscrits 30 099 246 Votants 18 019 504   59,87 %  6,9 Blancs et nuls 244 659 Petro Porochenko – Union panukrainienne « Solidarité » Voix 9 857 308 54,70 %  Ioulia Tymochenko – Union panukrainienne « Patrie » Voix 2 310 085 12,81 %   12,2 Oleh Liachko – Parti r...