Factor IX

F9
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesF9, F9 p22, FIX, HEMB, P19, PTC, THPH8, coagulation factor IX, Blood coagulation factor IX, Christmas Factor
External IDsOMIM: 300746; MGI: 88384; HomoloGene: 106; GeneCards: F9; OMA:F9 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

2158

14071

Ensembl

ENSG00000101981

ENSMUSG00000031138

UniProt

P00740

P16294

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000133
NM_001313913

NM_007979
NM_001305797

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000124
NP_001300842

NP_001292726
NP_032005

Location (UCSC)Chr X: 139.53 – 139.56 MbChr X: 59.04 – 59.08 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Factor IX (EC 3.4.21.22), also known as Christmas factor, is one of the serine proteases involved in coagulation; it belongs to peptidase family S1. Deficiency of this protein causes haemophilia B.

It was discovered in 1952 after a young boy named Stephen Christmas was found to be lacking this exact factor, leading to haemophilia.[5] Coagulation factor IX is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6]

Physiology

The blood coagulation and Protein C pathway.

Factor IX is produced as a zymogen, an inactive precursor. It is processed to remove the signal peptide, glycosylated and then cleaved by factor XIa (of the contact pathway) or factor VIIa (of the tissue factor pathway) to produce a two-chain form, where the chains are linked by a disulfide bridge.[7][8] When activated into factor IXa, in the presence of Ca2+, membrane phospholipids, and a Factor VIII cofactor, it hydrolyses one arginine-isoleucine bond in factor X to form factor Xa.

Factor IX is inhibited by antithrombin.[7]

Factor IX expression increases with age in humans and mice. In mouse models, mutations within the promoter region of factor IX have an age-dependent phenotype.[9]

Domain architecture

Factors VII, IX, and X all play key roles in blood coagulation and also share a common domain architecture.[10] The factor IX protein is composed of four protein domains: the Gla domain, two tandem copies of the EGF domain and a C-terminal trypsin-like peptidase domain which carries out the catalytic cleavage.

Human factor IX protein domain architecture, where each protein domain is represented by a coloured box

The N-terminal EGF domain has been shown to at least in part be responsible for binding tissue factor.[10] Wilkinson et al. conclude that residues 88 to 109 of the second EGF domain mediate binding to platelets and assembly of the factor X activating complex.[11]

The structures of all four domains have been solved. A structure of the two EGF domains and the trypsin-like domain was determined for the pig protein.[12] The structure of the Gla domain, which is responsible for Ca(II)-dependent phospholipid binding, was also determined by NMR.[13]

Several structures of 'super active' mutants have been solved,[14] which reveal the nature of factor IX activation by other proteins in the clotting cascade.

Genetics

In human, the F9 gene is located on the X chromosome at position q27.1.

Because the gene for factor IX is located on the X chromosome (Xq27.1-q27.2), loss-of-function mutations thereof are X-linked recessive: males experience the disease phenotype much more frequently than females. At least 534 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered.[15] The F9 gene was first cloned in 1982 by Kotoku Kurachi and Earl Davie.[16]

Polly, a transgenic cloned Poll Dorset sheep carrying the gene for factor IX, was produced by Dr Ian Wilmut at the Roslin Institute in 1997.[17]

Role in disease

See also: Prothrombin complex concentrate

Factor IX
INN: nonacog alfa
Clinical data
Trade namesBenefix
License data
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
Factor IX
INN: nonacog gamma
Clinical data
Trade namesRixubis
Routes of
administration		Intravenous
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Factor IX
INN: albutrepenonacog alfa
Clinical data
Trade namesIdelvion
License data
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Factor IX
INN: eftrenonacog alfa
Clinical data
Trade namesAlprolix
License data
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • EU: Rx-only[20]
Factor IX
INN: nonacog beta pegol
Clinical data
Trade namesRefixia
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)[21]

Deficiency of factor IX causes Christmas disease (hemophilia B).[5] Over 3000 variants of factor IX have been described, affecting 73% of the 461 residues;[22] some cause no symptoms, but many lead to a significant bleeding disorder. The original Christmas disease mutation was identified by sequencing of Christmas' DNA, revealing a mutation which changed a cysteine to a serine.[23] Recombinant factor IX is used to treat Christmas disease. Formulations include:

  • nonacog alfa (brand name Benefix)[24]
  • nonacog gamma (brand name Rixubis)[18]
  • albutrepenonacog alfa (brand name Idelvion)[25]
  • eftrenonacog alfa (brand name Alprolix)[26]
  • nonacog beta pegol (brand name Refixia)[27]
  • coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Benefix)[28]
  • coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Idelvion)[29]
  • coagulation factor IX (recombinant), Fc fusion protein (Alprolix)[30]
  • coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Ixinity)[31][32]
  • coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Rebinyn)[33]
  • coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Rixubis)[34]
  • coagulation factor IX (human) (Alphanine SD)[35]

Some rare mutations of factor IX result in elevated clotting activity, and can result in clotting diseases, such as deep vein thrombosis. This gain of function mutation renders the protein hyperfunctional and is associated with familial early-onset thrombophilia.[36]

Factor IX deficiency is treated by injection of purified factor IX produced through cloning in various animal or animal cell vectors. Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the perioperative risk of bleeding.[37]

A list of all the mutations in Factor IX is compiled and maintained by EAHAD.[38]

Coagulation factor IX is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101981 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031138 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b Biggs R, Douglas AS, Macfarlane RG, Dacie JV, Pitney WR (Dec 1952). "Christmas disease: a condition previously mistaken for haemophilia". British Medical Journal. 2 (4799): 1378–82. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4799.1378. PMC 2022306. PMID 12997790.
  6. ^ a b World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  7. ^ a b Di Scipio RG, Kurachi K, Davie EW (Jun 1978). "Activation of human factor IX (Christmas factor)". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 61 (6): 1528–38. doi:10.1172/JCI109073. PMC 372679. PMID 659613.
  8. ^ Taran LD (Jul 1997). "Factor IX of the blood coagulation system: a review". Biochemistry. Biokhimiia. 62 (7): 685–93. PMID 9331959.
  9. ^ Boland EJ, Liu YC, Walter CA, Herbert DC, Weaker FJ, Odom MW, Jagadeeswaran P (Sep 1995). "Age-specific regulation of clotting factor IX gene expression in normal and transgenic mice". Blood. 86 (6): 2198–205. doi:10.1182/blood.V86.6.2198.bloodjournal8662198. PMID 7662969.
  10. ^ a b Zhong D, Bajaj MS, Schmidt AE, Bajaj SP (Feb 2002). "The N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain in factor IX and factor X represents an important recognition motif for binding to tissue factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (5): 3622–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111202200. PMID 11723140.
  11. ^ Wilkinson FH, Ahmad SS, Walsh PN (Feb 2002). "The factor IXa second epidermal growth factor (EGF2) domain mediates platelet binding and assembly of the factor X activating complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (8): 5734–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107753200. PMID 11714704.
  12. ^ Brandstetter H, Bauer M, Huber R, Lollar P, Bode W (Oct 1995). "X-ray structure of clotting factor IXa: active site and module structure related to Xase activity and hemophilia B". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (21): 9796–800. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.9796B. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9796. PMC 40889. PMID 7568220.
  13. ^ Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (Sep 1995). "Structure of the calcium ion-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain of factor IX". Biochemistry. 34 (38): 12126–37. doi:10.1021/bi00038a005. PMID 7547952.
  14. ^ Zögg T, Brandstetter H (Dec 2009). "Structural basis of the cofactor- and substrate-assisted activation of human coagulation factor IXa". Structure. 17 (12): 1669–78. doi:10.1016/j.str.2009.10.011. PMID 20004170.
  15. ^ Šimčíková D, Heneberg P (December 2019). "Refinement of evolutionary medicine predictions based on clinical evidence for the manifestations of Mendelian diseases". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 18577. Bibcode:2019NatSR...918577S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54976-4. PMC 6901466. PMID 31819097.
  16. ^ Kurachi K, Davie EW (Nov 1982). "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA coding for human factor IX". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 79 (21): 6461–4. Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.6461K. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.21.6461. PMC 347146. PMID 6959130.
  17. ^ Nicholl D. (2002). An Introduction to Genetic Engineering Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. p. 257.
  18. ^ a b "Rixubis EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 19 December 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  19. ^ "Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2016 Highlights". Health Canada. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Alprolix EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 8 June 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  21. ^ "Refixia (Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 13 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  22. ^ Goodeve AC (2015). "Hemophilia B: Molecular pathogenesis and mutation analysis". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 13 (7): 1184–1195. doi:10.1111/jth.12958. PMC 4496316. PMID 25851415.
  23. ^ Taylor SA, Duffin J, Cameron C, Teitel J, Garvey B, Lillicrap DP (Jan 1992). "Characterization of the original Christmas disease mutation (cysteine 206----serine): from clinical recognition to molecular pathogenesis". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 67 (1): 63–5. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1648381. PMID 1615485. S2CID 25251813.
  24. ^ "Benefix EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  25. ^ "Idelvion EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  26. ^ "Alprolix EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  27. ^ "Refixia EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  28. ^ "Benefix (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit". DailyMed. 1 March 2023. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Idelvion- coagulation factor ix recombinant human kit". DailyMed. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Alprolix (coagulation factor ix- recombinant, fc fusion protein kit". DailyMed. 25 May 2023. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  31. ^ "Ixinity (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit". DailyMed. 23 February 2021. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Ixinity (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit". DailyMed. 9 January 2024. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Rebinyn ((coagulation factor ix- recombinant, glycopegylated kit". DailyMed. 11 August 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  34. ^ "Rixubis (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit". DailyMed. 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  35. ^ "Alphanine SD (coagulation factor ix- human kit". DailyMed. 18 January 2024. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  36. ^ Simioni P, Tormene D, Tognin G, Gavasso S, Bulato C, Iacobelli NP, Finn JD, Spiezia L, Radu C, Arruda VR (Oct 2009). "X-linked thrombophilia with a mutant factor IX (factor IX Padua)". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (17): 1671–5. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0904377. hdl:11577/2438365. PMID 19846852.
  37. ^ Rossi M, Jayaram R, Sayeed R (Sep 2011). "Do patients with haemophilia undergoing cardiac surgery have good surgical outcomes?". Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 13 (3): 320–31. doi:10.1510/icvts.2011.272401. PMID 21712351.
  38. ^ "Home: EAHAD Factor 9 Gene Variant Database". Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-10-23.

Further reading

Read other articles:

Changan CS75

Changan CS75InformasiProdusenChang'an MotorsMasa produksi2013–sekarangBodi & rangkaKelasSUV crossover kompakBentuk kerangkaSUV 5 pintuTata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda depan Changan CS75 (Hanzi: 长安CS75, bahasa Rusia: Чанган CS75) adalah crossover kompak yang diproduksi oleh Chang'an Motors. Memulai debutnya pada Guangzhou Auto Show 2013 dan diluncurkan di pasar mobil Tiongkok pada tahun 2014, Changan CS75 asli menerima facelift pada tahun 2018 dan model PHEV t...

 

أحمد عبد المقصود

أحمد عبد المقصود معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل أحمد محمد عبد المقصود الميلاد 23 مارس 1990 (العمر 33 سنة)الدوحة، قطر الطول 194 سنتيمتر  مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية قطر  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي الريان الرقم 23 المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 2010–2012 السد 2011–2012 → النادي الأه...

 

Roxx (album)

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Roxx album – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Roxx (Album Hitam)Album studio karya RoxxDirilis1992GenreHeavy Metal, Thrash MetalDurasi52:36LabelBlackboardProduserDannil Setiawan...

نافين أندروز

نافين أندروز معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة نافين وليام سيدني أندروز الميلاد 17 يناير 1969 (العمر 55 سنة)لندن، إنجلترا مواطنة المملكة المتحدة  الطول 1.73 سم العشير باربرا هيرشي (1998–2005)  الحياة العملية الأدوار المهمة سعيد جراح في لوست المدرسة الأم مدرسة جيلدهولمدرسة إيمانويل ...

 

مستشفى ابن سينا التخصصي (جنين)

مستشفى ابن سينا التخصصي (جنين)   إحداثيات 32°28′06″N 35°17′13″E / 32.4682675°N 35.2869312°E / 32.4682675; 35.2869312  معلومات عامة الدولة دولة فلسطين  سنة التأسيس 11 أكتوبر 2021  معلومات أخرى تعديل مصدري - تعديل   مستشفى ابن سينا التخصصي هو أحد مستشفيات شركة المجمع الطبي العربي �...

 

الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى 1960–61

الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى تفاصيل الموسم 1960–1961 البلد هولندا  البطل نادي فولندام/أمستردام الأزرق والأبيض مباريات ملعوبة 612   أهداف مسجلة 2300   1959–1960 1961–1962 تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى 1960–1961 هو الموسم الخامس من الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأ...

Chifir

Tea drink Preparation of chifir in an enamel mug Chifir (Russian: чифи́рь, romanized: čifir', or alternatively, чифи́р) is an exceptionally strong tea, associated with and brewed in Soviet and post-Soviet detention facilities such as gulags and prisons. Some sources mention properties of a light drug, causing addiction. Etymology The etymology is uncertain but is thought to come from the word chikhir' (чихирь) meaning a strong Caucasian wine, or a Siberian word for wi...

 

Two Days, One Night

Untuk acara varietas Korea Selatan, lihat 2 Days & 1 Night. Two Days, One NightPoster rilis teatrikal PrancisSutradaraLuc DardenneJean-Pierre DardenneProduserLuc DardenneJean-Pierre DardenneDenis FreydDitulis olehLuc DardenneJean-Pierre DardennePemeran Marion Cotillard Fabrizio Rongione SinematograferAlain MarcoenPenyuntingMarie-Hélène DozoPerusahaanproduksi Les Films du Fleuve Archipel 35 Canal+ Ciné+ Eurimages Eyeworks France 2 Cinéma Radio Télévision Belge Francophone Belgacom Di...

 

Kitanakagusuku, Okinawa

Kitanakagusuku 北中城村KitanakagushikuDesa BenderaLambangLocation of Kitanakagusuku in Okinawa PrefectureNegara JepangWilayahKyūshūPrefektur OkinawaDistrikNakagamiLuas • Total11,5 km2 (44 sq mi)Populasi (Oktober 1, 2015) • Total16.148 • Kepadatan1.404/km2 (3,640/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+9 (Waktu Standar Jepang)Simbol • PohonDiospyros ferrea• BungaOrchidaceaeSitus webSitus web resmi Kitanakagusuku (北中城村cod...

The Baseballs

German rock and roll band The BaseballsBackground informationOriginBerlin, GermanyGenresRock and roll, rockabillyYears active2007–presentLabelsJMC Music and Warner MusicMembersSam (Sven Budja)Basti (Sebastian Raetzel)Back-up bandLars Vegas (guitar)Klaas Wendling (upright bass)Jan Miserre (piano)Tomas Svensson (drums)Past membersDigger (Rüdiger Brans)Websitethebaseballs.com The Baseballs are a German rock and roll band founded in Berlin in 2007. They became popular with 1950s and 1960s ...

 

James Burnham

American philosopher (1905–1987) James BurnhamBornNovember 22, 1905Chicago, Illinois, U.S.DiedJuly 28, 1987 (1987-07-29) (aged 81)Kent, Connecticut, U.S.Spouse Marcia Lightner ​(m. 1934)​RelativesDavid Burnham (brother)Academic backgroundEducationPrinceton UniversityBalliol College, OxfordInfluences Machiavelli Sorel Pareto Mosca Michels Marx Trotsky Academic workDisciplinePhilosophySub-disciplinePolitical philosophySchool or traditionTrotskyism (early...

 

Graham bread

Type of bread inspired by Sylvester Graham Graham breadTypeBreadPlace of originUnited StatesMain ingredientsWhole-wheat flour  Media: Graham bread Graham bread is a name for whole wheat bread that was inspired by the teachings of health reformer Sylvester Graham. History Sylvester Graham was a 19th-century health reformer who argued that a vegetarian diet, anchored by bread that was baked at home from a coarsely ground whole-wheat flour, was part of a healthful lifestyle that could p...

Daitsuiseki

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Mei 2016. Daitsuiseki (大追跡code: ja is deprecated ) adalah serial drama televisi komedi-laga dari Jepang yang ditayangkan di jaringan televisi Nippon Television dari 4 April hingga 26 September 1978. Serial drama ini dibintangi Yuzo Kayama, Masaya Oki, Tatsuya ...

 

Imre Kertész

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Kertesz. Dans le nom hongrois Kertész Imre, le nom de famille précède le prénom, mais cet article utilise l’ordre habituel en français Imre Kertész, où le prénom précède le nom. Imre Kertész Imre Kertész Données clés Naissance 9 novembre 1929 Budapest Royaume de Hongrie Décès 31 mars 2016 (à 86 ans) Budapest Hongrie Activité principale Écrivain Distinctions Prix Nobel de littérature (2002)Prix Attila Józse...

 

North Nibley

Human settlement in EnglandNorth NibleyNorth NibleyNorth NibleyLocation within GloucestershirePopulation883 (2011)[1]OS grid referenceST740958DistrictStroudShire countyGloucestershireRegionSouth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townDURSLEYPostcode districtGL11Dialling code01453PoliceGloucestershireFireGloucestershireAmbulanceSouth Western UK ParliamentCotswold List of places UK England Gloucestershire 51°39′40″N 2°22′...

Social Science Research Network

Repository for preprints SSRN redirects here. For the submarine, see USS Triton (SSRN-586). SSRNProducerElsevierHistory1994–presentLanguagesEnglishAccessCostMostly fee-free (monetarily gratis)CoverageDisciplinesSocial sciences, engineering sciences, humanities, life sciences, applied sciences, health sciences, and physical sciencesRecord depthIndex, abstract, and full-textFormat coveragePapersLinksWebsitewww.ssrn.com The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) is a repository for preprints d...

 

Singapore Airlines

Pour les articles homonymes, voir SIA. Singapore Airlines A great way to flyCodes IATAOACIIndicatif d'appel SQ SIA SINGAPORE Repères historiques Date de création 1947 (Sous le nom de Malayan Airways) Généralités Basée à Aéroport international de Singapour-Changi Programme de fidélité KrisFlyer Alliance Star Alliance Taille de la flotte 142 Nombre de destinations 137 Siège social Singapour Société mère Temasek Holdings Filiales ScootSilkAirSIA Engineering CompanySingapore Airlin...

 

Відносини Філіппіни — Європейський Союз

|1 = European Union–Philippine...= |2 = European Union= |3 = Philippines= Відносини Філіппіни — Європейський Союз Європейський Союз Філіппіни Європейський Союз і Філіппіни мають дипломатичні, економічні, культурні та політичні відносини. Європейський Союз надав Філіппінам мільйони євро для боротьб...

Boys and Girls (Pixie Lott song)

2009 single by Pixie Lott Boys and GirlsSingle by Pixie Lottfrom the album Turn It Up B-sideIf I ChangedReleased5 September 2009 (2009-09-05)RecordedNovember 2008–April 2009StudioSwamp (West Hampstead, London, England)GenreElectropopdance-popacid jazzLength3:02LabelMercurySongwriter(s)Mads HaugePhil ThornalleyPixie LottProducer(s)Mads HaugePhil ThornalleyFraser T SmithPixie Lott singles chronology Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) (2009) Boys and Girls (2009) I Got Soul (2009) Boys and ...

 

Gavdos

GavdosΓαύδος Citra satelit pulau Gavdos. Letak Zona waktu: EET/EEST (UTC+2/3) Ketinggian (min-max): 0 - 345 m (0 - 1132 ft) Pemerintah Negara: Yunani Periferal: Crete Statistik penduduk (pada 2011[1]) Kotamadya  - Jumlah penduduk: 152  - Luas: 32,4 km² (13 sq mi)  - Kepadatan: 5 /km² (12 /sq mi) Kode Kode pos: 730 01 Kode telepon: 28230 Plat kendaraan: ΧΝ Gavdos (bahasa Yunani:...