Erbium(III) chloride is a violet solid with the formula ErCl3. It is used in the preparation of erbium metal.
Anhydrous erbium(III) chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route.[3][4][5] In the first step, erbium(III) oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride:
In the second step, the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350-400 °C:
Erbium(III) chloride forms crystals of the AlCl3 type, with monoclinic crystals and the point group C2/m.[2]
Erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group of P2/n (P2/c) - C42h. In this compound, erbium is octa-coordinated to form [Er(H2O)6Cl2]+ ions with the isolated Cl− completing the structure.[6]
Erbium(III) chloride solutions show a negative nonlinear absorption effect.[7][clarification needed]
The use of erbium(III) chloride as a catalyst has been demonstrated in the acylation of alcohols and phenols[8] and in an amine functionalisation of furfural.[9] It is a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts-type reactions, and can be used in place of cerium(III) chloride for Luche reductions.[10]
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