Emirate of Bingöl

 
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The Bingöl Emirate, also known as the Suveydi Emirate,[1] was a Kurdish principality which ruled over the Bingöl region between 1231 and 1864.[2][3][4]

History

Kurdish historian Sharafkhan Bidlisi wrote a myth that the Emirs of Bingöl came from the Barmakid family and that they ruled Bingöl since the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.[5]

In the 12th century, after the collapse of the Ayyubid Empire, the Emirate of Bingöl was established, then known under the name of Çapakçur.[6] The Bingöl principality was a vassal to the Mongols, Aq Qoyunlu and Kara Koyunlu, respectively, but it preserved its existence in this turbulent period.[7] After defeating the Azerbaijani-dominated Tabriz, it organized expeditions to eastern and southeastern Anatolia in 1508. The expeditions were directed towards Mosul, Mardin and Diyarbekir. Later the Safavids succeeded in capturing Capakçur, although they also aimed to take over the administrative center of Hançuk. This was prevented by troops of Emir Abdal Bey of Bingöl.[8] The Emir died shortly after the war and his successor was not able to protect Hançuk, and after the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, the Emirs of Bingöl were subject to the Ottoman Empire.[9][10] After the death of Abdal Bey, the lands of the emirate were divided into regions as Genç and Bingöl, which came under the control of Palu Emirate in the early 17th century. The emirate was abolished by the Ottomans in 1864. The rulers of the principality were exiled to the city of Harput.[11]

Emirs of Bingöl

Information about the emirate of Bingöl is limited between the 13th and 15th centuries.

  • Emir Shap, the first known leader of the emirate
  • Abdal Bey (?–1510). His rule was the height of the emirate.
  • Isfahan Bey (1510–1549). Bingöl became a part of the Ottoman Empire during Isfahan Bey's reign.
  • Suleyman Bey II (1835–1864, when he was exiled to Harput by the Ottomans)[11]

References

  1. ^ Veli, Yadirgi (3 August 2017). The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey. p. 73. ISBN 9781107181236.
  2. ^ Özoğlu, Hakan (2004). Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-79-145993-5.
  3. ^ Sebastian, Maisel (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. p. 131. ISBN 9781440842573.
  4. ^ Veliâminof-Zerhof, 1,p:260
  5. ^ Sharafkhan Bidlisi (1597). Sharafnama. p. 282. ISBN 9786056652011. OCLC 984148348..
  6. ^ İbn Hallikan, Vefiyatü’l-Ayan ve Ebnau’z-Zaman, Daru's-Sadr , Beyrut 1968, c. VII p. 20
  7. ^ Söylemez, M. Mahfuz; Demir, Abdullah (2010). 1550 tarihli tahrir defterine göre Çabakcur livası: nüfus ve iskanı [The liva of Çapakçur according to the census book of 1550: population and settlement] (PDF) (in Turkish). Bingöl Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları. p. 17. ISBN 978-975-6788-82-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  8. ^ Tacu'l- Tevarih c. II. s. 309-310; bk. İdris-i Bitlisi, Selim Şahnâme, (Prepared by Hicabi Kırgülü), Ministry of Culture Publications, Ankara 2001, p.267.
  9. ^ Nazmi Sevgen 'Kurds III', Turkish History Journal with Documents, number 7, 1968, p. 57-
  10. ^ Göyünç, Nejat (March 1969). "Diyarbekir Beylerbeyliği'nin İlk İdarî Taksîmatı" [The first administrative division of the Beylerbeylik of Diyarbekir]. Tarih Dergisi (in Turkish). 23: 23–24.
  11. ^ a b Söylemez, M. Mahfuz; Çapak, İbrahim, eds. (September 2011). Arşiv Vesikalarına Göre Bingöl Kolokyumu [Bingöl colloquium according to archival documents]. Bi̇ngöl Beledi̇yesi̇ Yayinlari. pp. 32–33.