Dunmanway

Dunmanway
Dúnmaonmhuí
Town
Dún Mánmhaí
Statue of Sam Maguire in the town square
Statue of Sam Maguire in the town square
Dunmanway is located in Ireland
Dunmanway
Dunmanway
Coordinates: 51°43′15″N 9°6′46″W / 51.72083°N 9.11278°W / 51.72083; -9.11278
CountryIreland
ProvinceMunster
CountyCork
Town charter23 November 1693
Population
 (2022)[1]
1,964
Time zoneUTC0 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (IST)
Area code023
Websitevisitdunmanway.ie

Dunmanway (Irish: Dúnmaonmhuí,[2] official Irish name: Dún Mánmhaí)[3] is a market town in County Cork, in the southwest of Ireland. It is the geographical centre of the region known as West Cork. It is the birthplace of Sam Maguire, an Irish Protestant republican, for whom the trophy of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is named. The town centre is built on and around two rivers, which are tributaries of the larger River Bandon, which passes by at the east end of the town.

The town is twinned with Quéven, France. Dunmanway won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1982.[4] The town came to national and international attention in 2009 when Liverpool Football Club played a pre-season soccer friendly in the area.

The population of Dunmanway at the 2011 census was 1,585,[5] rising to 1,964 by the 2022 census.[6]

Name

The town's Irish language name is rendered, among other variations, as Dúnmaonmhuí or Dún Mánmhaí.[3] A number of derivations are given for the meaning and origin of the town's name. For example, in Irish Local Names Explained (first published in 1870), the historian and etymologist Patrick Weston Joyce gives the meaning as "the fort of the gables (or pinnacles)".[7] In A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, published by Samuel Lewis in 1837, it is given as meaning "the castle of the yellow river" or "the castle on the little plain", referring to a MacCarthy castle in the area.[8] Other sources suggest it means "the fort of the yellow women".[9][10]

History

A Bronze Age trumpet, found near Dunmanway, is now held in the British Museum

Dunmanway has been inhabited since prehistoric times, as testified by a Bronze Age trumpet in the British Museum.[11] From the mid-13th to the late 17th century the surrounding districts of the town of Dunmanway were included in the territory of the MacCarthy Clan.[12]

Dunmanway Castle once stood on a bank of the Sally River on the left-hand side of present-day Castle Street. It was one of the chief residences of the MacCarthy Lords of Gleannacroim,[13] cousins of the MacCarthy Reagh sept. Dating from the late 15th century, the tower house is recorded to have been built by Catherine Fitzgerald.[14] There was likely a small settlement in the environs of the castle.

19th-century references date the founding of Dunmanway to the late 17th century, when the English crown settled a colony there to provide a resting place for troops marching between Bandon and Bantry. By 1700, about thirty families lived in the town.

Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1703 to 1707, was the town's most important early patron. In 1693, Cox obtained a grant from King William III to hold market days and fairs in the town and strongly encouraged the development of the local flax industry. To that end, Cox imported artisans from Ulster to teach the required skills. He sponsored numerous incentives for local residents involved in making linen, including rent-free housing for top producers, bonuses for efficient labourers, rewards for schoolgirls who showed strong loom skills, and production contests with generous prizes. In 1735, the town consisted of forty houses and two to three hundred people. By 1747, the linen industry was well established, and Cox's personal census recorded 557 people. Two years later, it rose to 807.[15]

Free market economic policies in England led to the removal of protective duties on linen in 1827.[16] In 1837, Samuel Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of Ireland recorded a population of 2,738. It also recorded the town's changing economic fortunes:

"The manufacture of linen continued to flourish for some years, but at present there are very few looms at work. A porter and ale brewery, established in 1831, produces 2,600 barrels annually; there are also two tanyards and two boulting-mills, the latter capable of grinding annually 15,000 bags of flour, and there are two or three smaller mills in the vicinity. Since 1810 a considerable trade in corn has been carried on."

West Cork was hit hard by the 1840s Great Famine. On 9 February 1847, U.S. Vice President George M. Dallas chaired a famine relief meeting in Washington, D.C. where participants heard a letter addressed to the "Ladies of America" from the women of The Dunmanway Indian Meal Ladies' Committee:[17][18]

"Oh! that our American sisters could see the labourers on our roads, able-bodied men, scarcely clad, famishing with hunger, with despair in their once cheerful faces, staggering at their work ... oh! that they could see the dead father, mother or child, lying coffinless and hear the screams of the survivors around them, caused not by sorrow, but by the agony of hunger."

In the early 1850s, following the migrations and evictions which characterized the famine's upheavals, more than seventy percent of Dunmanway residents did not own any land.[19]

On 28 November 1920, during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921), seventeen British Auxiliary Division troops were killed by the Irish Republican Army at the Kilmichael Ambush (near Dunmanway). The subsequent sacking and burning of the city of Cork by the British forces is thought to be linked to the Kilmichael Ambush. On 15 December 1920, an Auxiliary shot dead the local priest, Canon Magner, for refusing to toll his church's bells on Armistice Day; a local boy, Tadhg Crowley, was also killed in an apparently random incident. There were numerous other actions in and around Dunmanway during the war. In addition, after a truce was declared in July 1921, the local IRA killed a number of alleged informers. Controversy continues in particular over the killing of ten men (including three residents of Dunmanway) in the spring of 1922, all of whom were Protestants. These events are sometimes known as the Dunmanway killings.[20]

Demographics

As of the 2016 census, the population (of 1,655) included a small number of people from the United Kingdom, Poland, Lithuania and elsewhere within the European Union.[27] The 2016 census returns also indicated that people in Dunmanway were predominantly Roman Catholic.[28][29] There are also two Protestant denominations in the town, namely the Church of Ireland and Methodism.[citation needed]

As of the 2022 census, the population had grown to 1,964.[6] Of these, approximately 85% were born in Ireland, 6% in the United Kingdom, 3% in Poland, 4% in other EU countries, with less than 2% (39 people) born in other parts of the world.[1]

Events

The Ballabuidhe Festival is held annually over the August Bank Holiday weekend and centres around both the Ballabuidhe Horse Fair and Ballabuidhe Races.[30] The Ballabuidhe Horse Fair dates back to 1615, when King James I granted Randal Óg Hurley a charter to hold a fair at Béal Átha Buidhe on the River Bandon.[31]

The Dunmanway Agricultural Show, first held in 1946, takes place on the first Sunday in July each year, and with contested classes including horses, cattle and horticulture.[32]

The Sam Maguire Festival runs in September, and focuses on the life and ethos of Sam Maguire.[citation needed]

Sport

Gaelic games

Dohenys is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club and the club play their home matches at Sam Maguire Park. Dohenys' under-age teams play under the name "Sam Maguires".[citation needed] The club is named in honour of Michael Doheny, a member of the Young Ireland nationalist movement who lived in the area for a short period.[citation needed]

As of 2023, Dohenys were competing in the Cork Senior A Football Championship.[33] The club has produced a number of inter-county players, including Éamonn Young, who captained Cork to victory in the National Football League and the Munster Football Championship in 1952, having also been a part of Cork's All-Ireland-winning team of 1945.[citation needed] Although the club has historically had more success in Gaelic football, Dohenys became Munster Junior B Club Hurling Champions in 2006.[citation needed]

Soccer

The local soccer club is Dunmanway Town, which plays in the Premier Division of the West Cork League. In 2009, it was announced that Liverpool F.C. had agreed to visit Dunmanway to play the club in a pre-season friendly on 6 August 2009.[34] Liverpool, fielding players from their reserve and youth teams (the home side supplemented their line-up with a number of players from prominent Cork-based clubs like Avondale United and Cobh Ramblers F.C.) won the game by one goal to nil in front of 6,800 fans, and Gardaí estimated that more than 15,000 people visited Dunmanway on the day to catch a glimpse of the Liverpool stars of the future.[35][36]

Angling

Chapel Lake, Dunmanway

The stretch of the River Bandon which flows east through Dunmanway holds brown trout, sea trout and salmon.[37]

Other sports

Other sports clubs in the town include rugby, athletics, pitch and putt, badminton and volleyball.[citation needed] Dunmanway has also been home to an indoor heated swimming pool for many years, with the 25-metre pool being the only public swimming pool in the West Cork area.

August 2010 saw the revived "Munster 100" motorcycle road race take place in Dunmanway.[38] This was followed two years later by the first Dunmanway 'Lightning Sprint' Grand Prix motorcycle meet.[39]

Like other parts of County Cork, road bowling events are held in the surrounding area, and the All-Ireland road bowling championships took place in Dunmanway in July 2011.[citation needed]

Economy

Between 1975 and 1999, Swedish multinational firm Mölnlycke Health Care operated a manufacturing facility in Dunmanway. The plant employed over 250 people at its peak.[citation needed]

The construction industry and agriculture have also played a role in the economic environment of the town.[citation needed]

Transport

Dunmanway is approximately 60 km southwest from Cork City, on the N71 national secondary road, and the R586 regional road. The town is served by Bus Éireann bus service from Cork City. The nearest airport is Cork Airport.

Dunmanway railway station opened on 12 June 1866 and closed entirely on 1 April 1961.[40]

People

See also: Category:People from Dunmanway

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Census Interactive Map - Towns: Dunmanway - Population Snapshot". visual.cso.ie. Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  2. ^ Ó Coileáin, Barra (2004). "Chairman's Address". Dunmanway Doings. 1 (1): v.
  3. ^ a b "Dún Mánmhaí / Dunmanway (see archival records)". logainm.ie. Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  4. ^ "The Tidy Towns of Ireland "Celebrating 50 years"" (PDF). tidytowns.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2016.
  5. ^ a b "Census 2011 - SAPMAP data - Settlement Dunmanway (CSO Area Code ST 18024)". Census 2011. CSO. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Dunmanway (Ireland) Census Town". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  7. ^ Joyce, Patrick Weston (1923). "Dunmanway". Irish Local Names Explained – via libraryireland.com.
  8. ^ Lewis, Samuel, ed. (1837). "Dunmanway". A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. Lewis.
  9. ^ Bennett, George (1869). The History of Bandon. Cork: Francis Guy. p. 377. fort of the yellow women (the yellow women being the term applied by the Irish to the Spanish soldiers who garrisoned the fort [..] )
  10. ^ Brehony, Tony (1997). West Cork: A Sort of a History, Like. Kestrel Books. p. 15. ISBN 9781900505154. fort of the yellow women. The term "yellow women" referred contemptuously to a garrison of Spanish soldiers because of their long hair and the yellow capes they wore
  11. ^ "British Museum Collection". Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  12. ^ Lewis, Samuel (1837). A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. Lewis. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Irish Pedigrees: MacCarthy Glas (O'Hart 1892)". Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  14. ^ "Annals of the Four Masters". Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition. Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  15. ^ Burke, Terence (1974). "County Cork in the Eighteenth Century". Geographical Review. 64 (1). American Geographical Society: 61–81. doi:10.2307/213794. JSTOR 213794.
  16. ^ Cousens, S.H. (1960). "The Regional Pattern of Emigration during the Great Irish Famine, 1846-51". Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers). 28 (28). Blackwell Publishing: 119–134. doi:10.2307/621118. JSTOR 621118.
  17. ^ Kinealy, Christine (1997). A Death-Dealing Famine: The Great Hunger in Ireland. London: Pluto Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-7453-1074-5.
  18. ^ MacCarthy, Fintan (28 December 2018). "The Dunmanway Indian Meal Ladies' Committee and the Famine Soup Kitchen as Referenced in the Valuation Office House Books for the Town of Dunmanway, 1848 and 1851". An Bóthar Casta. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  19. ^ Cousens, S.H. (1961). "Emigration and Demographic Change in Ireland, 1851-1861". The Economic History Review. 14 (2): 275–288. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1961.tb00051.x.
  20. ^ "Bandon Valley Massacre: The violent week that left 13 Protestants dead". Irish Examiner. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2024. The murders [..are..] known variously as the 'Bandon Valley massacre' or 'Dunmanway killings'
  21. ^ "Census for post 1821 figures". Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  22. ^ "Online Historical Population Reports". Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  23. ^ NISRA - Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency Archived 17 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Lee, J. J. (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  25. ^ Mokyr, Joel; Ó Gráda, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850". The Economic History Review. 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x. hdl:10197/1406. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012.
  26. ^ "Dunmanway (Ireland) Census Town". City Population. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  27. ^ a b "Census 2016 - Small Area Population Statistics (SAPMAP Area) - Settlements - Dunmanway". Census 2016. Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Census 2016 Sapmap Area: Electoral Division Dunmanway North". census.cso.ie. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  29. ^ "Census 2016 Sapmap Area: Electoral Division Dunmanway South". census.cso.ie. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  30. ^ "Ballabuidhe Races". Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  31. ^ "Fanlobbus Parish (Dunmanway)". Dunmanway Historical Association. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  32. ^ "Irish Shows Association". Irish Shows Association. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  33. ^ "Double delight for Newcestown after landing the SAFC title following victory over Dohenys". Echo Live. 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  34. ^ "Tiny club tackles Liverpool ticket frenzy". Irish Examiner. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  35. ^ "Dunmanway dances to the Mersey beat". Irish Independent. 7 August 2009. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  36. ^ "No fairytale ending but display just the job for part-timers". Irish Independent. 7 August 2009. Archived from the original on 10 August 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  37. ^ "Dunmanway Salmon & Trout Anglers Association".
  38. ^ "Munster 100 race returns after 18 year hiatus". Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  39. ^ "Lightning Sprint in Dunmanway". Archived from the original on 25 August 2012.
  40. ^ "Dunmanway station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
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