Diego Martínez Barrio

The Most Excellent
Diego Martínez Barrio
OIC
The Most Excellent Diego Martínez Barrio OIC
President of the Spanish Republic ; Interim
	In office; 7 April 1936 – 10 May 1936
Preceded by	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
Succeeded by	Manuel Azaña
Prime Minister of Spain
	In office; 8 October 1933 – 16 December 1933
President	Niceto Alcala-Zamora
Preceded by	Alejandro Lerroux
Succeeded by	Alejandro Lerroux
	In office; 19 July 1936 – 19 July 1936
President	Manuel Azaña
Preceded by	Santiago Casares Quiroga
Succeeded by	José Giral
Personal details
Born	25 November 1883; Seville, Spain
Died	1 January 1962 (aged 78); Paris, France
Political party	Republican Union
Other political; affiliations	Radical Republican Party ; Spanish Popular Front
Profession	Politician, journalist
Signature

Diego Martínez Barrio (25 November 1883, in Seville – 1 January 1962) was a Spanish politician during the Second Spanish Republic, Prime Minister of Spain between 9 October 1933 and 26 December 1933^[1] and was briefly appointed again by Manuel Azaña on 19 July 1936 - two days after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. From 16 March 1936 to 30 March 1939 Martínez was President of the Cortes. In 1936, he was briefly the interim President of the Second Spanish Republic, from 7 April to 10 May.

Biography

Barrio was born in Seville. A member of the Radical Republican Party, he was the Minister in the Alejandro Lerroux government but later he left the party for dissatisfaction with the politics of Lerroux.^[2]

Martínez consequently founded and led the Republican Union and participated in the Spanish Popular Front,^[3] being elected to government in 1936. He led the integration of the Republican Union into the Popular Front, being elected the speaker of the Cortes (Spanish Parliament).^[4] In February 1939, he rejected to replace Manuel Azaña as president of the Republic.^[5] Following the resignation of Santiago Casares Quiroga two days after the outbreak of the civil war, he was appointed prime minister on 19 July 1936. As part of his intention to avert war, his cabinet ignored the left wing of the Popular Front, but he would last just a few hours, and he resigned later the same morning, after an unsuccessful appeal to Nationalist General Emilio Mola to avoid war, and was succeeded by José Giral.^[6] He fled the country after Francisco Franco came to power in 1939.^[7]

He was the Grand Master of the Grande Oriente Español from 1929 to 1934.^[8]

After the fall of the Republic, he went into exile, first to France and then to Mexico, where, in 1945, he was designated president of the Republic in exile^[9] until 1962.^[10] Martínez finally returned to Paris, where he died.

In 2000, his remains were moved to Seville.

References

^ "Diego Martínez Barrio, * 1883 | Geneall.net".
^ Jackson, Gabriel. (1967). The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. Princeton. p. 123
^ Jackson, Gabriel. (1967). The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. Princeton. p. 185
^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 152
^ Jackson, Gabriel. (1967). The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. Princeton. p. 485
^ Beever, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. London: Phoenix. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7538-2165-7.
^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 895
^ 1863-1923 Archived 2008-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, Brief History of the Spanish Masonry
^ Beever, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. London: Phoenix. p. 423. ISBN 978-0-7538-2165-7.
^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 923.

Bibliography

Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain. The Spanish civil war. Penguin Books. 2006. London. ISBN 0-14-303765-X.
Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2003. ISBN 978-0-14-101161-5

Political offices
Preceded by Office created	Minister for Communications 1931	Succeeded by Santiago Casares Quiroga (acting)
Preceded by Alejandro Lerroux	Prime Minister of Spain 1933	Succeeded by Alejandro Lerroux
Preceded by Vicente Iranzo Enguita	Minister of War 1933–1934	Succeeded by Diego Hidalgo Durán
Preceded by Manuel Rico Avelló	Minister of Government 1934	Succeeded by Rafael Salazar Alonso
Preceded by Santiago Alba Bonifaz	President of the Congress of Deputies 1936–1939	Succeeded by Esteban Bilbao Eguía
Preceded by Niceto Alcalá Zamora	President of the Spanish Republic Acting 1936	Succeeded by Manuel Azaña
Preceded by Santiago Casares Quiroga	Prime Minister of Spain 1936	Succeeded by José Giral