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Condé-sur-l'Escaut
Condé-sur-l'Escaut
Commune
	The town hall in Condé-sur-l'Escaut
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of Condé-sur-l'Escaut
	Condé-sur-l'Escaut Condé-sur-l'Escaut
	Coordinates: 50°27′00″N 3°35′29″E / 50.450000°N 3.5914°E
Country	France
Region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Nord
Arrondissement	Valenciennes
Canton	Marly
Intercommunality	CA Valenciennes Métropole
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Grégory Lelong
Area 1	18.4 km2 (7.1 sq mi)
Population (2022)	9,297
• Density	510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	59153 /59163
Elevation	10–52 m (33–171 ft) ; (avg. 21 m or 69 ft)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Condé-sur-l'Escaut (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃de syʁ lɛsko], literally Condé on the Escaut; Picard: Condé-su-l'Escaut) is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

It lies on the border with Belgium. The population as of 1999 was 10,527. Residents of the area are known as Condéens or Condéennes. The Mayor of Condé-sur-l'Escaut is Gregory Lelong, re-elected in 2020.^[1]

Geography

Condé-sur-l'Escaut is 12 km (7.5 mi) northeast of Valenciennes, 51 km (32 mi) from Lille, and 90 km (56 mi) from Brussels, Belgium. It is situated at the confluence of the Haine and Scheldt rivers. The region is noted for its coal mines, resources which made it a strategic objective in both world wars.

History

The name comes from a Celtic word, "Condate", meaning "confluence", referring to the two rivers. A Romanised form of the word, Condatum, was in use during the Roman period, and "Condé" was in use by the 14th century. The current name, Condé-sur-l'Escaut, dates from 1886.

Being at the confluence of two rivers, the site has had military importance since before Roman times. Originally occupied by Nervians, it was the location of a Roman military camp, and later a settlement of Franks.^{[citation needed]} Saint Wasnulf preached at Condé, and died there around 650 AD. His remains were long held in a collegiate church there.^[3] Vikings also were established there temporarily, in 855, holding the town until 889.

The area was much disputed, and changed hands many times during the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. It was captured by the Flemish forces of Jacques van Artevelde, by King Louis XI of France, by Les Gueux during the Eighty Years' War, and by Turenne. In 1676 Louis XIV seized the town, and it became part of France in 1678 with the Treaty of Nimègue. While Vauban improved its fortifications, it was captured by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld after a 92-day siege in 1793. Forces of the Seventh Coalition captured it from Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, only returning it to French control three years later^{[citation needed]}.

The town was occupied by the Germans during the Second World War, who used the population to run the adjacent coal mines. On 2 September 1944 the town was liberated by the U.S. 5th Armored Division. Coal mining became defunct in 1989; recently there has been a population decline, following a high (13,994) in 1975.

Music history

Condé-sur-l'Escaut is known in music history as the home, place of retirement, and burial place of Renaissance composer Josquin des Prez. He was provost of the church of Notre-Dame, which had one of the most sumptuous musical establishments in Hainaut, exceeded only by the cathedral at Cambrai, as well as St. Vincent at Soignies. Josquin's house was on the market square; on his death he left an endowment for processions to stop at the statue of the Virgin Mary, attached to a wall of his house, and sing his six-voice Pater noster. He was buried in the church, which was destroyed in 1793 along with his tombstone.^[4]

Population

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1968	13,607	—
1975	13,994	+0.40%
1982	13,671	−0.33%
1990	11,289	−2.36%
1999	10,527	−0.77%
2007	9,992	−0.65%
2012	9,783	−0.42%
2017	9,698	−0.17%
Source: INSEE^[5]

Heraldry

Arms of Condé-sur-l'Escaut	The arms of Condé-sur-l'Escaut are blazoned : Or, a fess gules. (Condé-sur-l'Escaut and Haverskerque use the same arms.)

Administration

Condé-sur-l'Escaut is the eastern member of the agglomerated Valenciennes metropolitan area, which together administers 35 communes.

References

^ ^a ^b "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
^ Butler, Alban (1799), The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, J. Moir, p. 23, retrieved 17 August 2021
^ Macey, Grove online
^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE

Bruno Carpentier, Condé-sur-l'Escaut, Le Pagus Condatensis, Editions Sopaic, Charleville-Mézières, 2004 (monographie historique de Condé-sur-l'Escaut). See also online version Archived 4 January 2013 at archive.today
Patrick Macey: "Josquin des Prez", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed April 9, 2007), (subscription access) Archived 16 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine