The Capture of Tucson was an uncontested United States entry into the Mexican city of Tucson, Sonora, now the present day Tucson, Arizona. The would-be combatants were provisional Mexican Army troops and the American Army's "Mormon Battalion". Tucson temporarily 'fell' in December 1846 without resistance but was immediately reoccupied two days later by the Mexican forces once the US troops moved on.
The Mexican–American War began after Thornton's Defeat in 1846. This same year a battalion of Mormon men was recruited by the United States Army in western Iowa and dispatched with General Steven Watts Kearny's "Army of the West" across what they considered the "Great Western Desert". The mission assigned to the Mormon Battalion was to create a continuous wagon road from Santa Fe to San Diego—the first into southern California.
The American force, of around 499 riflemen and officers, were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Philip St. George Cooke. Only an effective force of 360 took part in the trek across the Arizona desert. Previously, about 150 physically unfit men and some eighty-four women and children family members trailing the Battalion towards Santa Fe had been sent to the trapper/trader compound 'el pueblo' (modern Pueblo Colorado) on the Arkansas River.[2]
Marching towards Tucson in November 1846, the Mormon Battalion fought their only battle and it was against wild cattle which attacked them near the San Pedro River. After the "Battle of the Bulls", as it is humorously known, the force turned west towards Tucson, where it seemed they might have to really fight the Mexican garrison of Fort Tucson, a former Spanish presidio.
The Mexican force consisted of around 200 men, most likely infantry and cavalry plus two small brass cannons, as well as an unknown force of men from the garrisons of Tubac, Santa Cruz and Fronteras.
The Mexican Captain Antonio Comaduran had received about three days warning of the approaching Americans.[3] Following an exchange of information between the two commanders and parlays regarding safe passage on the 100-mile shorter and easier route through Tucson, Comaduran refused permission to the US Army to enter Tucson, much less would he agree to surrender the presidio. Each side took token prisoners, then released them as tokens of good faith. Tensions were running high and getting higher as Cooke's force approached.
Realizing he was outnumbered, Captain Comaduran decided to withdraw without fighting. He also advised many civilians to abandon Tucson with him. The Mexican forces retreated to San Xavier about 8 1/2 miles southwest of Tucson. On December 16, 1846, the US Army unit arrived at the south end of Tucson and prepared to enter the town. Even though the muskets were loaded and bayonets affixed, Col Cooke paused to remind his troops of his Order No 19, given 13 December:
"We came not to make war against Sonora, and less still to destroy an unimportant outpost of defense against Indians. But we will take the straight course before us and overcome all resistance. But, shall I remind you that the American soldier ever shows justice and kindness to the unarmed and unresisting; the property of individuals you will hold sacred - the people of Sonora are not our enemies."[4]
No fighting occurred as the small army entered Tucson, passed along the west wall of the Mexican military compound, then camped a half-mile north of town on a small flowing creek.[5] The Americans began to assure the frightened and staring population of their friendly intentions. Many of the Mormon men were interested in trading for food and clothing. One man related later that a twenty-eight star American flag temporarily flew over Tucson for the first time though neither Cooke nor any other journalist makes any mention of it.[6]
"The author (Sgt. Daniel Tyler) remembers, with much gratitude, the silver-haired Mexican, of perhaps more than three score years and ten, who, when signs of thirst were given, ran to the brook ..., dipped up his water, and ... with cheerful countenance, delivered the refreshing and much needed draught. He has doubtless, long since, been gathered to his fathers; if so, peace to his ashes. Surely, 'I was athirst, and he gave me drink.'"[7]
Lieutenant Colonel Cooke's soldiers had been low on food, so the Mexicans bartered meat and bread for cloth, buttons and pins, but only a little food was transferred to the Mormons through trade. Cooke estimated about 1,500 bushels of wheat grain had been left behind by the Mexican garrison as 'public' (government) property. Cooke ordered 25 bushels of this confiscated for his command's wagon mules and two quarts as food for every three soldiers. All told, Cooke appropriated about 30 bushels of wheat—about 2% of the Mexican 'public' wheat stores. None was taken from private families. Tyler goes on to relate that, "Quinces and semi-tropical fruits were also purchased here, as well as beans, corn, etc."
On 17 December, Cooke determined to make an expedition to the Catholic Indian Mission San Xavier del Bac with about 50 armed men, but they were spotted, prompting the Mexican Army to retreat further south towards the Tubac presidio to avoid an unnecessary fight. That night, some of the sentries created a temporary excitement by signaling that Mexican troops were attempting to attack. Within the hour it was determined to be a false alarm and most of the men tried to get a little more rest.[8]
The morning of the 18th, Cooke ended their temporary occupation and continued his march towards the next settlement, the Pima Villages, 75 miles distant across a nearly water-less flat plain. The Mexican forces and inhabitants returned to their unmolested and undespoiled city. Tucson, with about 400-500 inhabitants in 1846,[9] would officially become an American community ten years later in 1856, following the Gadsden Purchase.
Pemilihan presiden India 1962195719677 Mei 1962Kandidat Calon Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Chowdhry Hari Ram Partai Independen Independen Negara bagian Tamil Nadu Punjab Suara elektoral 553,067 6,341 Presiden petahanaRajendra Prasad Independen Presiden terpilih Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Independen Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Komisi Pemilihan India mengadakan pemilihan presiden India ke-3 pada 7 Mei 1962. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan dengan 5…
Увага: це зображення не може бути завантажене до Wikimedia Commons. Згідно із Законом України «Про авторське право і суміжні права» виключні права на використання творів архітектури, містобудування, садово-паркового мистецтва належать виключно їх авторам (частина 4 статті 15 Закон…
Ця стаття є частиною Проєкту:Швеція (рівень: невідомий) Портал «Швеція»Мета проєкту — створення якісних та інформативних статей на теми, пов'язані з Швецією. Ви можете покращити цю статтю, відредагувавши її, а на сторінці проєкту вказано, чим ще можна допомогти. Учасники пр…
Stephen Clegg RowanStephen C. Rowan in 1862Born(1808-12-25)December 25, 1808Dublin, IrelandDiedMarch 31, 1890(1890-03-31) (aged 81)Washington, D.C., U.S.Place of burialOak Hill CemeteryWashington, D.C., U.S.Allegiance United StatesService/branch United States NavyYears of service1826–1889Rank Vice admiralCommands heldPawneeNew IronsidesAsiatic SquadronBattles/wars Mexican–American War Battle of Monterey American Civil War Action of October 5, 1863 Signature Stephen Cl…
Shorty HamiltonHamilton ca. 1917BornWilliam John Schroeder(1879-09-09)September 9, 1879Chicago, IllinoisDiedMarch 7, 1925(1925-03-07) (aged 45)Los Angeles, CaliforniaOther namesWilliam John SchroederJohn Jack H. HamiltonOccupationActorYears active1909 - 1925 Shorty Hamilton (September 9, 1879 – March 7, 1925) was an American actor and silent film comedian who appeared in more than 80 films, mostly westerns, from 1909 to 1925. His birth name was William John Schroeder, and he…
1963 studio album by Jimmy HeathSwamp SeedStudio album by Jimmy HeathReleased1963RecordedMarch 11 & May 28, 1963New York CityGenreJazzLength36:50LabelRiversideRLP 465Jimmy Heath chronology Triple Threat(1962) Swamp Seed(1963) On the Trail(1964) Swamp Seed is the fifth album by the saxophonist Jimmy Heath of performances recorded in 1963, originally released on the Riverside label.[1] Reception Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingDown Beat[2]AllMusic[3]…
Nur Fathiah DiazLahir20 Oktober 1999 (umur 24)Selangor, malaysiaNama lainTiahPekerjaanAktris, pengisi suara, artis, penyanyiTahun aktif2005–sekarang Nur Fathiah binti Diaz (lahir 20 Oktober 1999) merupakan seorang aktris, pengisi suara, artis, dan penyanyi asal Malaysia yang menjadi orang di balik tokoh kartun saudara kembar yang membintangi kartun Upin & Ipin selama tiga musim pertama serial animasinya dan juga film Geng: Pengembaraan Bermula. Pada musim ke-4 kartun Upin &a…
Medieval mystery novel by Ellis Peters For the 2008 novel by Andrea Camilleri, see The Potter's Field (Camilleri novel). The Potter's Field First editionAuthorEllis PetersSeriesThe Cadfael ChroniclesGenreMystery novelPublisherHeadlinePublication dateSeptember 1989Media typePrint, audio & e-bookPages256ISBN0-7472-0159-5OCLC21876408Preceded byThe Heretic's Apprentice Followed byThe Summer of the Danes The Potter's Field is a medieval mystery novel by Ellis Peters set …
Kerk van Sulsted Sulsted Kirke Plaats Sulsted Kirkevej 44, 9381 Sulsted Denemarken Denominatie Lutheranisme Coördinaten 57° 9′ NB, 9° 59′ OL Gebouwd in 1150-1200 Architectuur Stijlperiode Romaanse architectuur Detailkaart Portaal Christendom De Kerk van Sulsted (Deens: Sulsted Kirke is een parochiekerk bij Sulsted op Jutland in Denemarken. De rond 1150-1200 gebouwde kerk staat bekend om zijn fresco's. Beschrijving kerkinventaris Overzicht interieur Altaar P…
Jukut kamanilan Youngia japonica TaksonomiDivisiTracheophytaSubdivisiSpermatophytesKladAngiospermaeKladmesangiospermsKladeudicotsKladcore eudicotsKladasteridsKladcampanulidsOrdoAsteralesFamiliAsteraceaeSubfamiliCichorioideaeTribusCichorieaeSubtribusCrepidinaeGenusYoungiaSpesiesYoungia japonica DC., 1838 Tata namaBasionimPrenanthes japonica (en) lbs Youngia japonica, biasa disebut jukut kamanilan, adalah spesies tanaman berbunga dalam keluarga Asteraceae . Berasal dari Asia timur, sekarang ditemu…
2011 concert tour by Rihanna For the tour by R5, see Loud Tour (R5). Loud TourTour by RihannaPromotional poster for the tourAssociated albumLoudStart dateJune 4, 2011 (2011-06-04)End dateDecember 22, 2011 (2011-12-22)Legs4No. of shows98Box office$90 million ($117.08 million in 2022 dollars)[1]Rihanna concert chronology Last Girl on Earth Tour(2010–11) Loud Tour(2011) Diamonds World Tour(2013) The Loud Tour was the fourth overall and third world concert tou…
Former Australian federal electoral division BatmanAustralian House of Representatives DivisionDivision of Batman (green) in Melbourne, VictoriaCreated1906Abolished2019NamesakeJohn BatmanElectors108,935 (2016)Area66 km2 (25.5 sq mi)DemographicInner metropolitanCoordinates37°43′59″S 145°00′50″E / 37.733°S 145.014°E / -37.733; 145.014 The Division of Batman was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It took its name from J…
Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun Разработчик Westwood Studios Издатель EA Games Часть серии Command & Conquer Дата выпуска 27 августа 1999 Лицензия бесплатное программное обеспечение Версия 2.03 (31 мая 2000) Последняя версия 2.03 (15 июня 2000) Жанр стратегия в реальном времени Создатели Композитор Фрэнк Клепаки Т…
Dr. Hj. B.R.A.Mooryati SoedibyoS.S., M.Hum.Wakil Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik IndonesiaMasa jabatan1 Oktober 2004 – 1 Oktober 2009PresidenMegawati SoekarnoputriSusilo Bambang YudhoyonoKetua MPRHidayat Nur Wahid Informasi pribadiLahir5 Januari 1928 (umur 95)[1]Surakarta, Jawa TengahKebangsaanIndonesiaSuami/istriSoedibyo Purbo Hadiningrat (m. 1956–1998)Anak5 (Putri Kuswisnu Wardani)Orang tuaK.R.M.…
Ideology that seeks liberation from economic and cultural sources of women's oppression This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2021) This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by …
2023 World Baseball Classic ChampionshipLoanDepot Park, Miami in 2021 United States Japan 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E United States 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 9 0 Japan 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 X 3 5 0 DateMarch 21, 2023 (2023-03-21)VenueLoanDepot ParkCityMiami, Florida, U.S.MVPShohei Ohtani ( Japan)Attendance36,098Time of game19:00 EDTTelevisionMultiple ← 2017 World Baseball Classic Championship 2026 → The 2023 World Baseball Classic championship was the final game of …
Use of algae as a source of energy-rich oils A conical flask of green jet fuel made from algae Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane.[1][2] When made from seaweed (macroalgae) it can be known as seaweed fuel or seaweed oil. In December 2022, ExxonMobil, the last large oil company to invest …
1985 studio album by Stevie Nicks Rock a LittleStudio album by Stevie NicksReleasedNovember 18, 1985Recorded1984–1985Genre AOR[1] pop rock synth-rock Length45:20LabelModernProducer Jimmy Iovine Rick Nowels Mike Campbell Chas Sandford Keith Olsen Stevie Nicks chronology The Wild Heart(1983) Rock a Little(1985) The Other Side of the Mirror(1989) Singles from Rock a Little Talk to MeReleased: October 1985 I Can't WaitReleased: December 1985 Has Anyone Ever Written Anything for You?Rel…
Species of fish Pacific bluefin tuna At Tokyo Sea Life Park, Japan Conservation status Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Scombriformes Family: Scombridae Genus: Thunnus Subgenus: Thunnus Species: T. orientalis Binomial name Thunnus orientalis(Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) Synonyms[2] Thunnus saliensJordan and Evermann, 1926 Thynnus orientalisTemminck and Schlegel, 1844…
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Tatarak – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2009 Polish filmSweet RushAn exhibition of snapshots of photographs taken from the movie TatarakDirected byAndrzej WajdaWritten byAndrzej Wajda…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.128.200.110