C-Lion1
C-Lion1 is a submarine communications cable between Finland and Germany. The cable is owned and operated by the Finnish telecommunications and IT services company Cinia Oy.[1] It is the first direct communications cable between Finland and Central Europe; previous connections have been through Sweden and Denmark. The cable was damaged in November 2024, taking the cable offline between November 18 and November 28.[2] Some officials suspect the damaging was an act of sabotage.[3] The connection was offline again between December 25, 2024 and January 6, 2025 in connection with the 2024 Estlink 2 incident.[4][5] The cable is 1,173 kilometres (729 mi) long and has eight fiber pairs with a design capacity of 120 Tbit/s and a maximum capacity of 144 Tbit/s.[6][7][8] HistoryAlcatel Submarine Networks commenced the installation of the cable in October 2015, completing the process in January 2016. The cable entered commercial operation in May 2016. In October 2017, a network switch was installed to the Finnish port city of Hanko.[9] Faults in 2024–2025A fault was detected in the cable on 18 November 2024,[10] after which the services provided over the cable went down. According to the Finnish operating company 'Cinia Oy', the cable service was interrupted by a subsea physical force .[3] The fault was discovered off the coast of the Swedish island of Öland.[11] German Federal Defense Minister Boris Pistorius called the incident an act of sabotage.[10] As of 19 November 2024, the cause of the fault was being investigated.[12][11] The Lithuanian Naval Force announced increased surveillance of its waters in response to the damage and would discuss further measures with Lithuania's allies.[10] On 29 November 2024, the operator Cinia Oy announced that the cable had been completely repaired.[13] The cable was went offline again on December 25, 2024. The probable cause of the fault is considered to be a cable cut in the Gulf of Finland.[4] The damage was repaired on January 6, 2025. Cinia Oy is demanding the seizure of the vessel Eagle S linked with the incident to secure its claims for compensation.[5] Landings pointsC-Lion1 has landing points in: See also
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