Battle of Breitenfeld (1642) order of battle

The Second Battle of Breitenfeld was a major engagement of the Thirty Years' War between the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and Ottavio Piccolomini, supported by Saxon troops, and the Swedish Army under Lennart Torstensson. It was the last battle of the war featuring more than 20.000 soldiers on each side and one of the rare occasions where both combatants were attacking.[1]

The Swedish Army had been besieging the nearby Saxon fortress Leipzig but relieved it in face of the Imperial advance. The imperials interpreted the Swedish movements as an unorganized retreat because the Swedes had trickled out their troops to obtain a more favourable terrain. The imperial war council under the Archduke overruled Piccolomini's objections against battling an almost even-matched opponent in open field and ordered an attack. The Swedes awaited them in battle formation at Breitenfeld, the place of Gustavus Adolphus' famous victory in 1631.[2]

Both armies used a linear formation with two wings of cavalry around the infantry in the center. The infantry was divided in two subgroups by both armies because of the woods that intersected the imperial lines.[3] An early rout of the Madlo Arquebusier and most of the Saxon regiments at the imperial left wing allowed the Swedes to gain the upper hand on this side of the battle. The imperial right wing achieved similar success against the Swedish left until Torstensson sent large parts of his victorious right around the woods and behind the imperial center to attack the imperial right from the rear. They ultimately drove the imperials from the field, only the Leibregiments supported by Alt- and Neu-Piccolomini, Mislik, Borneval and Luttke resisted long enough to cover the retreat of the right group of the imperial center. The left group however was encircled and forced to surrender by the victorious Swedes.[4]

Imperial-Saxon army

Ottavio Piccolomini

There are essentially two different orders of battle for the Imperial-Saxon army. The one cited by William Guthrie mostly uses the information from the Theatrum Europaeum.[5] According to Otto Rudert, this order of battle was the intended one but was changed shortly prior to the battle. Rudert and Arndt Preil instead use the Callenbergische Battaglia from the battle report of Colonel Kurt Reinecke von Callenberg. The Battaglia is meant to indicate the actual order of troops in battle and is therefore used in this list.[6][7]

Overall commanders were Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and Field-Marshal Ottavio Piccolomini. Unless otherwise noted, all units are German.[8]

Left

Generalfeldwachtmeister Hans Christoph von Puchheim, 31 squadrons[9]

First Echelon (Colonel Nicola Montard de Noyrel)[9]

  • Pompeij Cuirassier – Colonel Thomas Pompeji[9][10][11]
  • Madlo Arquebusier – Colonel Hans Georg Madlo[9][12][13]
  • Luigi Gonzaga Cuirassier – Major Khauts [14][15]
  • Vorhauer Cuirassier – Colonel Hans Vorhauer[9][16][17][18]
  • Wintz Cuirassier – Colonel Christoph von Wintz[9][19][18]
  • Jung-Heister Cuirassier – Colonel Arnold von Heister[14][20][21]
  • Alt-Heister Cuirassier – Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Stahl[14][22][18]
  • Nicola Cuirassier – Lieutenant Colonel Dominik Cadé[7][9][23]
  • Puchheim Cuirassier – Lieutenant Colonel Candido [6][7][24]

Second Echelon (Colonel Schleinitz)[9]

  • Burksdorf Cuirassier – Colonel Conrad Burksdorf[6][9][25]
  • Warlowsky Arquebusier – Colonel Peter Warlowsky[26][12][18][27]
  • Krafft zu Lammerstorf Cuirassier[26] – Colonel Heinrich Krafft zu Lammerstorf[28][29]
  • Callenberg Saxon Cuirassier – Colonel Kurt Reinecke von Callenberg [6][30][31][32]
  • Gall à Bourck Dragoons – Lieutenant Colonel Olivier Stephanson[33][6][34]
  • Knoche Saxon Cuirassier – Colonel von Knoche[6][30][31]
  • Gallas Dragoons – Lieutenant Colonel Johann Ablmont[33][35]
  • Schleinitz Saxon Cuirassier – Colonel von Schleinitz[6][30][31]

Flankers

  • 8 squadrons of Croats and Cossacks[26]

Center

Feldzeugmeister Ernst Roland von Suys, 11 brigades, 8 squadrons, 46 guns[9]

Left Group (Feldzeugmeister Johann Barwitz von Fernemont and Generalfeldwachtmeister Anton von Weveld)[9][36]

  • Enkevort Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Michael Thomb[9][37]
  • Weveld Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Simon Schrenk genannt Notzing[9][38]
  • Caretto di Grana Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Paolo Pestaluzzi[9][39][6][40]
  • Sax-Lauenburg Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Rohrscheid[14][6][41]
  • Moncada Infantry – Colonel Matteo Marchese di Moncada y Cardona[9][6][42]

Right Group (Generalfeldwachtmeister Camillo Gonzaga)[9]

  • Suys Infantry (Walloon) – Lieutenant Colonel Eusebius von Crivelli[9][43]
  • Annibale Gonzaga Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Valentin Hauser[14][44]
  • Ranfft Infantry – Colonel Johann Christoph Ranfft von Wiesenthal[9][45][46]
  • Archduke Leib Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Gustav[14][47]
  • Fernemont Infantry – Lieutenant Colonel Nouskovsky[9][48]
  • Wachenheim Infantry – Colonel Otto Ludwig von Wachenheim[9][49][50]

Reserve (Feldzeugmeister Suys)[9]

  • Archduke Leib – Colonel Sforza Marchese di Pallavicini[51][52][53][29]
  • Piccolomini Leib – Lieutenant Colonel Ghiselieri[51][54]
  • Grodetzky Arquebusier – Colonel Georg Dietrich Grodetzky von Grodetz[9][55][56]
  • Gissenburg Cuirassier – Colonel Tobias von Gissenburg[9][57]
  • Desfours Cuirassier (Spanish-German) – Colonel Johann von Desfours[9][58][59]
  • Paconchay Dragoons – Colonel Martin de Paconchay[9][60]
Annibale Gonzaga

Feldzeugmeister Annibale Gonzaga, 32 squadrons[51]

First Echelon (Lieutenant Field Marshall Albert Gaston Spinola von Bruay)[51]

Second Echelon (Generalfeldwachtmeister Jacob Borneval d’Arlin)[51]

  • Spiegel Cuirassier – Lieutenant Colonel Lützelburg[67][7][73]
  • Lüttke Cuirassier – Colonel Moriz von der Lüttke[7][51][74]
  • Wolframsdorf Cuirassier – Colonel Rudolph Georg von Wolframsdorf[7][51][75]
  • Kapaun Cuirassier – Colonel Albrecht Weikhard Kapaun von Swoykow[7][51] [76]
  • Hanau Saxon Cuirassier[7] – Generalfeldwachtmeister Augustin von Hanau[31][77]
  • Borneval Cuirassier – Lieutenant Colonel Dohna[7][9][78]
  • Munster Arquebusier – Colonel Christian von Münster[7][9][55][79]

Flankers

  • 8 squadrons of Croats and Cossacks [9]

Swedish army

Field Marshal Lennart Torstensson[26]

Right

Arvid Wittenberg

Major general Arvid Wittenberg, major general Torsten Stålhandske, 24 squadrons, 13 detachments, 13 guns[26]

First Echelon (Major general Wittenberg)[26]

Second Echelon (Major general Stålhandske)[26]

Center

Johan Lilliehöök

Riksfälttygmästare Johan Lilliehöök, 11 brigades, 3 squadrons, 18 heavy and 23 light guns[26]

Left Group (Major general Carl Gustaf Wrangel)[26]
First Echelon

  • C. G. Wrangel Infantry (Swedish-German)[26]
  • Mortaigne Infantry[26]

Second Echelon

  • Axel Lillie Infantry (Swedish-German) – Major general Axel Lillie[26]
  • Schlieben Infantry – Colonel Hans Heinrich von Schlieben[26][83]

Right Group (Major general Kaspar Kornelius Mortaigne de Potelles)[26]
First Echelon

  • Lilliehöök Infantry[26]
  • Banér Infantry – Colonel Gustav Banér[26][84]

Second Echelon

  • Pfuhl Infantry[26]
  • Jeschwitski Infantry[26]

Third Echelon Reserve

Left

Hans Christoff von Königsmarck

Major general Erik Slang, major general Hans Christoff von Königsmarck, 24 squadrons, 16 detachments, 16 guns[85]

First Echelon (Major general Slang)[85]

Second Echelon (Major general Königsmarck)[85]


References

  1. ^ Guthrie 2003, p. 121.
  2. ^ Guthrie 2003, pp. 109–110.
  3. ^ Guthrie 2003, pp. 116–117.
  4. ^ Guthrie 2003, pp. 117–119.
  5. ^ Guthrie 2003, pp. 144–146.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Rudert 1937, pp. 131–143.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Preil 1990, pp. 73–74.
  8. ^ Guthrie 2003, pp. 113–115.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Guthrie 2003, p. 114.
  10. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 506.
  11. ^ Warlich 2010.
  12. ^ a b Wrede 1901b, p. 407.
  13. ^ Warlich 2009.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Guthrie 2003, pp. 114, 145.
  15. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 524.
  16. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 471.
  17. ^ Warlich 2020b.
  18. ^ a b c d Rudert 1937, p. 143.
  19. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 435.
  20. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 441.
  21. ^ Warlich 2022c.
  22. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 440.
  23. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 427.
  24. ^ Wrede 1901a, pp. 174–177.
  25. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 462.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Guthrie 2003, p. 115.
  27. ^ Warlich 2021c.
  28. ^ Wrede 1901b, pp. 499–500.
  29. ^ a b c Rudert 1937, p. 149.
  30. ^ a b c Guthrie 2003, pp. 72, 115.
  31. ^ a b c d Schuster 1885, p. 64.
  32. ^ Warlich 2012a.
  33. ^ a b Guthrie 2003, pp. 115, 145.
  34. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 619.
  35. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 635.
  36. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 30, 51.
  37. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 8.
  38. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 51.
  39. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 72.
  40. ^ Warlich 2014.
  41. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 81.
  42. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 83.
  43. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 103.
  44. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 108.
  45. ^ Wrede 1898, pp. 121–123.
  46. ^ Warlich 2020a.
  47. ^ Wrede 1898, pp. 138–139.
  48. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 30.
  49. ^ Wrede 1898, p. 104.
  50. ^ Warlich 2022d.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Guthrie 2003, p. 113.
  52. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 510.
  53. ^ Warlich 2021b.
  54. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 483.
  55. ^ a b Wrede 1901b, p. 406.
  56. ^ Warlich 2022b.
  57. ^ Wrede 1901b, pp. 490–491.
  58. ^ Wrede 1901b, pp. 413–414.
  59. ^ Warlich 2022a.
  60. ^ Wrede 1901b, pp. 636.
  61. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 492.
  62. ^ Warlich 2012b.
  63. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 557.
  64. ^ Elster 1903, pp. 80, 112.
  65. ^ Wrede 1901b, pp. 486–487.
  66. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 429.
  67. ^ a b c Guthrie 2003, pp. 113, 145.
  68. ^ Wrede 1901b, pp. 497–498.
  69. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 580.
  70. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 565.
  71. ^ Elster 1903, p. 80.
  72. ^ Wrede 1901a, pp. 191–193.
  73. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 463.
  74. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 511.
  75. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 509.
  76. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 505.
  77. ^ Warlich 2021a.
  78. ^ Wrede 1901b, p. 508.
  79. ^ Warlich 2015b.
  80. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Preil 1990, p. 74.
  81. ^ a b Murdoch & Grosjean 2015, p. 152.
  82. ^ Warlich 2016.
  83. ^ Warlich 2012c.
  84. ^ Warlich 2015a.
  85. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Guthrie 2003, p. 116.
  86. ^ Murdoch & Grosjean 2015, p. 153.

Sources

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  • Guthrie, William P. (2003). The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313324086.
  • Murdoch, Steve; Grosjean, Alexia (2015). Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317318156.
  • Preil, Arndt (1990). Österreichs Schlachtfelder: Breitenfeld 1631, Lützen 1632, Breitenfeld 1642 (in German). H. Weishaupt. ISBN 9783900310592.
  • Rudert, Otto (1937). Die Kämpfe um Leipzig im Großen Kriege: 1631–1642 (in German). Leipzig: Mattes.
  • Schuster, O. (1885). Geschichte der sächsischen Armee: von deren Errichtung bis auf die neueste Zeit (in German). Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot.
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  • Warlich, Bernd (2015). "Banér, Gustav". Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in Selbstzeugnissen, Chroniken und Berichten (in German). Retrieved 2022-04-07.
  • Warlich, Bernd (2015). "Münster, Christian von". Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in Selbstzeugnissen, Chroniken und Berichten (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-05.
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Ruined castle in Buchach, UkraineYou can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Ukrainian. (March 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate t...

 

Museum of Latin American Art

Art museum in Long Beach, California Museum of Latin American ArtInteractive fullscreen mapEstablished1996Location628 Alamitos Avenue Long Beach, California 90802, United StatesCoordinates33°46′28″N 118°10′48″W / 33.77444°N 118.18000°W / 33.77444; -118.18000TypeModern and Contemporary Latin American Art[1]WebsiteMuseum of Latin American Art The Museum of Latin American Art (MOLAA) was founded by Dr. Robert Gumbiner in 1996 in Long Beach, California,...

 

Kushikino Station

Railway station in Ichikikushikino, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kushikino Station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Kushikino Station串木野駅General informationLocationIchikikushikino, Kagoshima（鹿児...

Gan Chinese

Chinese varieties spoken around Jiangxi Gan language redirects here. For the Gan language of Ghana, see Gã language. For the Gan language of Burkina, see Kaansa language. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Gan Chinese – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2013) (Learn how and ...

 

Netgear Digital Entertainer

NETGEAR Digital Entertainer 8000 HD Netgear's Digital Entertainer line of products are digital media players that can pull multimedia content from home computers to the typical audio/video entertainment center. There are three products in the line, the EVA700, the HD EVA8000 and the current EVA9150 Digital Entertainer Elite. All support high definition video, the EVA700 via component output up to 1080i and the EVA8000/EVA9000 up to 1080p with both component and HDMI connectors. All models sup...