Barito River

Barito River
Sungai Barito, Sungai Dusun, Soengai Doesoen, Sungi Banjer, Sungi Dunsun, Soengai Baritoe, Sungai Banjar, Sungai Banjarmasin, Sungai Banjar Besar
Barito and other rivers in Central and South Kalimantan
Barito River is located in Kalimantan
Barito River
Location of river mouth
Barito River is located in Indonesia
Barito River
Barito River (Indonesia)
Location
CountryIndonesia
Physical characteristics
SourceMurung River
 • locationMüller Mountain Range
Mouth 
 • location
Java Sea
 • coordinates
3°30′55″S 114°29′28″E / 3.51528°S 114.49111°E / -3.51528; 114.49111
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
LengthBarito–Murung 1,090 km (680 mi)[1]
Basin size81,675 km2 (31,535 sq mi)[1]
Width 
 • average250–400 m (820–1,310 ft)[2]
Depth 
 • average8–18 m (26–59 ft)[2]
Discharge 
 • locationBarito Delta
 • average4,514 m3/s (159,400 cu ft/s)[3]
Basin features
ProgressionJava Sea
River systemBarito River[4]
Tributaries 
 • leftMurung, Lampuya, Babuat, Laung, Lahei, Montallat, Tapen, Ajuh, Karau, Napu, Paminggir, Negara, Martapura
 • rightJoloi, Bakanon, Lemu, Muning, Mangkatip, Kapuas[5]
Kalimantan is located in Kalimantan
Barito
Barito
Main mouth to Java Sea
Main mouth to Java Sea
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Barito River in Kalimantan
A timber raft on the Barito River with housing for the workers (ca.1905-14)

The Barito River is the second longest river in Borneo, Indonesia after the Kapuas River with a total length of 1,090 km (680 mi) and a drainage basin of over 80,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi) in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It originates in the Müller Mountain Range, from where it flows southward into the Java Sea. Its most important affluent is the Negara and Martapura, and it passes through the city of Banjarmasin.[6][7]

This river is the location of the closest relative of the Malagasy language of Madagascar, the Ma'anyan language of Dayaks, from where settlers arrived in Madagascar (presumably in waves) from the 3rd to 10th century and from which the current island nation's population largely traces its origins.

Geography

The river flows in the southeast area of Borneo with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[8] The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C (75 °F). The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 26 °C (79 °F), and the coldest is January, at 20 °C (68 °F).[9] The average annual rainfall is 2,735–3,000 mm (107.7–118.1 in). The wettest month is December, with an average of 437 mm (17.2 in) rainfall, and the driest is September, with a 62 mm (2.4 in) rainfall.[10]

Discharge

Period Discharge Ref.
Barito Delta

3°30′55″S 114°29′28″E / 3.51528°S 114.49111°E / -3.51528; 114.49111

2008–2015 5,497 m3/s (194,100 cu ft/s) [1]
2003–2016 4,514 m3/s (159,400 cu ft/s) [3]
1970–2000 129 km3/a (4,100 m3/s) [11]
Banjarmasin

3°21′48.3516″S 114°31′20.28″E / 3.363431000°S 114.5223000°E / -3.363431000; 114.5223000

2006–2011 4,502 m3/s (159,000 cu ft/s) [12]
Muara Teweh

0°57′28.656″S 114°52′54.7932″E / 0.95796000°S 114.881887000°E / -0.95796000; 114.881887000

1971–2000 1,815.85 m3/s (64,126 cu ft/s) [13]

Tributaries

Left tributary Right tributary Length (km) Basin size (km2) Average discharge (m3/s)
Barito 1,090 81,675 4,514
Martapura 61.25 3,791.3 171.8
Negara 128.25 10,757.6 413.8
Kapuas 714.7 14,473.4 837.8
Mengkatip 1,329.2 51.3
Paminggir 630.1 23.7
Napu 75.66 982.7 36.5
Muning 605.4 24.9
Karau 94.9 1,822.1 68.9
Ajuh 94.66 1,360.3 61.2
Tapen 487.8 27.1
Montallat 853.9 48.5
Lemu 51.28 558.9 34.7
Lahei 142.75 2,882.3 192.7
Laung 143.5 2,921.9 212.7
Bakanon 363.8 25.9
Babuat 29.25 334.2 24.3
Lampuya 336.4 24.7
Murung 258 7,410.7 555.1
Joloi (Djulai) 169.5 8,268.5 713.5

[13]

Images

  • Dutch boat on the Barito River (1917)
    Dutch boat on the Barito River (1917)
  • Inhabitants along the Barito
    Inhabitants along the Barito
  • A boat on the Barito
    A boat on the Barito

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Strategi & Kebijakan Pengelolaan Wilayah Sungai Barito - Kapuas dalam Rangka Mendukung Pengembangan Kawasan Perkotaan yang Berkelanjutan (Slide deck) (in Indonesian) – via Scribd.
  2. ^ a b "Kalamanthana".
  3. ^ a b Ting-Hsuan, Huang; Chen-Tung, Arthur Chen; Hsiao-Chun, Tseng; Jiann-Yuh, Lou; Shu Lun, Wang; Liyang, Yang; Selvaraj, Kandasamy; Xuelu, Gao; Jough-Tai, Wang; Edvin, Aldrian; G.S., Jacinto; Gusti Z., Anshari; Penjai, Sompongchaiyakul; B.J., Wang (May 2017). "Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 122 (5): 1239–1259. doi:10.1002/2016JG003701. S2CID 135024272.
  4. ^ Hukum Online. "Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. SK.511/MENHUT-V/2011" (in Indonesian).
  5. ^ M. K. Adamy (2 April 2012). "Sungai Barito Potensi Alam yang Diabaikan". Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  6. ^ "Annette Delarbre". Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië (in Dutch). Vol. 1. Ter Lands-drukkerij. 1838. p. 6.
  7. ^ Buddingh, Steven Adriaan (1861). Neêrlands-Oost-Indië: Reizen over Java, Madura, Makasser, Saleijer, Bima, Menado, Sangier-eilanden, Talau-eilanden, Ternate, Batjan, Gilolo en omliggende eilanden, Banda-eilanden, Amboina, Haroekoe, Saparoea, Noussalaut, Zuidkust van Ceram, Boeroe, Boano, Banka, Palembang, Riouw, Benkoelen, Sumatra's West-Kust, Floris, Timor, Rotty, Borneo's West-Kust, en Borneo's Zuid- en Oost-Kust; gedaan gedurende het tijdvak van 1852-1857 (in Dutch). M. Wijt. pp. 442. de groote Banjersche rivier (de Barito).
  8. ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  9. ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  10. ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  11. ^ Daniel, Stapper (2011). Artisanal Gold Mining, Mercury and Sediment in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia (PDF) (MS thesis). University of Victoria.
  12. ^ a b "Kalimantan-Borneo".

3°30′55″S 114°29′28″E / 3.51528°S 114.49111°E / -3.51528; 114.49111