Pulau River

Pulau River
Eilandenrivier
Pulau River is located in South Papua
Pulau River
Location of river mouth
Native name
Location
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceSouth Papua
RegencyAsmat
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationJayawijaya Mountains, Highland Papua, Indonesia
 • coordinates4°38′11.688″S 140°7′47.208″E / 4.63658000°S 140.12978000°E / -4.63658000; 140.12978000
 • elevation4,000 m (13,000 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Arafura Sea
 • coordinates
5°48′44.4204″S 138°9′40.2444″E / 5.812339000°S 138.161179000°E / -5.812339000; 138.161179000
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length674 km (419 mi)[1]
Basin size37,164 km2 (14,349 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • locationEilanden Delta
 • average3,133 m3/s (110,600 cu ft/s)[1]
Basin features
ProgressionArafura Sea
River systemEilanden River
Tributaries 
 • leftWildeman, Kampung, Doyusi
 • rightWeehuizen, Kolff, Brazza, Baliem, Urumbuwe

The Pulau River (Indonesian: Sungai Pulau, Dutch: Eilandenrivier) is a major river in South Papua province of Indonesia, with a total length of 674 km (419 mi).[2]

Name

It was previously known as the Eilanden River based on Dutch colonial expedition maps,[3] and was still shown with this name on some government maps in the 2010s.[4][5]

Geography

The Pulau River has its source in the Jayawijaya Mountains near Puncak Mandala, around 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in elevation. It flows south out of the mountains, and then follows a south-southwesterly course to the Arafura Sea on the Casuarina Coast.[3] Important tributaries include the Baliem (formerly Vriendschaps), Wildeman, Kampung and Brazza.

Hydrology

The river flows in the southern area of Western New Guinea with predominantly a tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[6] The annual average temperature in the area is 22 °C (72 °F). The warmest month is January, when the average temperature is around 24 °C (75 °F), and the coldest is June, at 20 °C (68 °F).[7] The average annual rainfall is 3,997–5,547 mm (157.4–218.4 in).[1] The wettest month is May, with an average of 594 mm (23.4 in) rainfall, and the driest is July, with 384 mm (15.1 in) rainfall.[8]

Discharge

Eilanden River discharge
Period Average discharge Ref.
Eilanden Delta

5°48′44.4204″S 138°9′40.2444″E / 5.812339000°S 138.161179000°E / -5.812339000; 138.161179000

Eilanden with Lorentz at the Delta
3,783.1 m3/s (133,600 cu ft/s)* [9]
2002–2011 3,513 m3/s (124,100 cu ft/s) [1]
2002–2018 107.72197 km3/a (3,413.503 m3/s) [10]
Eilanden at the delta
2015–2019 2,084 m3/s (73,600 cu ft/s) [11]
2003–2015 80.4 km3/a (2,550 m3/s) [12]
2002–2011 3,133 m3/s (110,600 cu ft/s) [1]

*Monthly flow (Q) m3/s:

Month Q
JAN 3,294.5
FEB 3,812.8
MAR 3,816.3
APR 3,990.7
MAY 4,380.8
JUN 3,816
JUL 3,022.4
AUG 2,811.9
SEP 3,624
OCT 4,176.9
NOV 4,505.6
DEC 4,144.7
Avg. 3,783.1

[9]

Tributaries

Left tributary Right

tributary

Length (km) Basin size (km2) Average discharge (m3/s)
Eilanden (Pulau) 674 37,164 3,133
Urumbuwe 240 2,690.5 294.6
Doyusi 200 1,208.4 165.3
Kampung 290 2,133 264.1
Baliem (Vriends-chaps) 414.2 12,974.1 791.3
Wildeman 330 3,412 327.1
Brazza 270 2,113.8 120.6
Kolff 2,755.9 199.1
Weehuizen (Boven Digoel) 110 577.6 68.9

[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f van Beek, E.; Bons, K.; Brinkman, J. (2013). "Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study".
  2. ^ Sungai Eilanden – Geonames.org.
  3. ^ a b "1916 Netherlands New Guinea Map". G. Kolff & Co.
  4. ^ "Peta Struktur Ruang". Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  5. ^ DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BINA USAHA KEHUTANAN KEMENTERIAN KEHUTANAN
  6. ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
  7. ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
  8. ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month – TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
  9. ^ a b Firmansyah, Rendy. "Grafik Neraca Air Pulau Papua".
  10. ^ Prof. Dr. Ir., San Afri Awang; Sasmita, Nugroho; Dr., Julijanti; Isluyandari, Woelan Yanuartanti (2019). 2018 BUKU 1-KAJIAN PENGANYAN PEMBANGUNAN PULAU PAPUA (PDF).
  11. ^ PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR WILAYAH SUNGAI EINLANDEN-DIGUL-BIKUMA (PDF). 2021.
  12. ^ Radhika, Radhika; Firmansyah, Rendy; Hatmoko, Waluyo (November 2017). "Computation of surface water availability in Indonesia based on satellite data". Jurnal Sumber Daya Air. 13 (2): 115–130. doi:10.32679/jsda.v13i2.206.
  13. ^ "Papua New Guinea".