Barbara (given name)

Barbara
Usage of the name increased in part due to the popularity of the Christian Saint Barbara, depicted in this 1924 painting by Mikhail Vasilievich Nesterov.
Pronunciation/ˈbɑːrbərə/ BAR-bər-ə; /ˈbɑːrbrə/ BAR-brə
Genderfeminine
Language(s)Greek
Name dayDecember 4
Origin
Meaning"strange or foreign"
Other names
See alsoBarbra, Babs, Barbie, Barby, Barb, Barbro, Bärbel, Bobbie, Varvara
Rapunzel and the Prince, an illustration by Paul Hey

Barbara is a given name used in numerous languages. It is the feminine form of the Greek word barbaros (Greek: βάρβαρος) meaning "stranger" or "foreign".[1] In Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition, Saint Barbara (Greek: Ἁγία Βαρβάρα) was imprisoned in a tower by her father. She was then martyred by her father when she refused to renounce Christianity. According to legend, her father was then punished with death by lightning. As such, Saint Barbara is a protectress against fire and lightning. Early Christians occasionally referred to themselves as "barbarians" in opposition to the pagan Romans and Greeks.[2] The story of Saint Barbara is said to have been an inspiration for the fairy tale Rapunzel and other European stories that feature a maiden in a tower.[3]

Today, the name Barbara or its variants are commonly given to female babies born in such countries as Chile, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Russia, among others.[4] Barbie, a traditional English hypocorism for the name and the brand name of a popular fashion doll, is well-used as an independent name for girls and women in the American Amish community. There was also increased interest in the name Barbie following the release of the 2023 film Barbie.[5] Barbara was among the most popular names for girls in English-speaking countries in the first half of the 20th century but has since decreased in usage in countries such as the United States.There were 271 American girls named Barbara and 27 American girls named Barbie in 2022.[6][7] The name increased in usage in 2023 in the United States, with 305 newborn girls given the name that year, an increase of 87 from 2022. The name ranked 877th on the popularity chart in 2023. Another 32 American girls were named Barbie in 2023.[8] The popular film Barbie, in which the main character begins using the name Barbara, came out in 2023.

In Italy, Barbara was particularly popular during the 1970s: it was among the top 10 names given to girls born from 1969 to 1977, rising to 2nd place (behind Maria) in 1971.[9] In the same year, it was the most common name for girls born in Rome and in Bologna.[10]

Variants

People with the given name Barbara (or variants)

Fictional characters with the given name Barbara (or variants)

See also

References

  1. ^ Hanks, Patrick; Hardcastle, Kate; Hodges, Flavia (2006). Oxford Dictionary of First Names. Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-19-861060-2.
  2. ^ \Losemann, Volker. "'Barbarians'". Brill's New Pauly Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e212470. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  3. ^ "How St. Barbara was the original 'Rapunzel'". Aleteia—Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. December 4, 2018.
  4. ^ "100 najpopularniejszych imion dla dzieci w 2009 roku". Gazetaprawna.pl. 15 March 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
  5. ^ Angela Andalara. "'Barbie' and 'Ken' Rise in Baby Name Searches amid Film's Continued Success (Exclusive)". People. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  6. ^ Mike Campbell. "Popularity for Barbara". Behind the Name. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
  7. ^ OACT. "Popular Baby Names". Social Security Administration. Archived from the original on 2018-02-02. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
  8. ^ "Names that increased in popularity from 2022 to 2023". ssa.gov. United States Social Security Administration. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  9. ^ Cfr. Alda Rossebastiano-Elena Papa, I nomi di persona in Italia: dizionario storico ed etimologico, Torino, UTET, 2005 (in Italian).
  10. ^ Cfr. Enzo Caffarelli, L'onomastica personale nella città di Roma dalla fine del secolo XIX ad oggi. Per una nuova prospettivi di sociografia e cronografia antroponimica, Tubinga, Niemeyer, 1996 (in Italian).