Bailly-le-Franc is located some 20 km south-west of Saint-Dizier and 15 km north-east of Brienne-le-Château. The northern border of the commune is the departmental border between Aube and Marne while the eastern border is the departmental border between Aube and Haute-Marne. Access to the commune is by the D127 road from Margerie-Hancourt in the west which passes through the centre of the commune and continues south-east, changing to the D13 at the commune border, to Droyes. The D655 comes from Outines in the north, changing to the D56 at the communal border and passing through the commune then continuing south-west to Chavanges. The south of the commune is forested with the rest farmland.[3]
The Ruisseau de Chevry flows out of the Étang de Bailly in the west of the commune and passes through the commune towards the east before turning south to form the eastern border of the commune and the department and continuing through the Étang de la Horre to join the Voire. The Ruisseau du Pré Darras forms the northern border of the commune and the department as it flows east to join the Droye.[3]
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The Church of the Exaltation of Saint Croix (16th century) is registered as an historical monument.[7] The church contains many items that are registered as historical objects: