Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of weeds
|
| Code
|
Plant type
|
Description
|
| Principal growth stage 0: Germination, sprouting, bud development
|
| 00 |
|
Dry seed
|
|
V |
Perennating or reproductive organs during the resting period (tuber, rhizome, bulb, stolon)
|
|
P |
Winter dormancy or resting period
|
| 01 |
|
Beginning of seed imbibition
|
|
P, V |
Beginning of bud swelling
|
| 03 |
|
Seed imbibition complete
|
|
P, V |
End of bud swelling
|
| 05 |
|
Radicle (root) emerged from seed
|
|
V |
Perennating or reproductive organs forming roots
|
| 06 |
|
Elongation of radicle, formation of root hairs and/or lateral roots
|
| 07 |
G |
Coleoptile emerged from caryopsis
|
|
D, M |
Hypocotyl with cotyledons or shoot breaking through seed coat
|
|
P, V |
Beginning of sprouting or bud breaking
|
| 08 |
D |
Hypocotyl with cotyledons or shoot growing towards soil surface
|
|
V |
Shoot growing towards soil surface
|
| 09 |
G |
Emergence: Coleoptile breaks through soil surface
|
|
D, M |
Emergence: Cotyledons break through soil surface (except hypogeal germination);
|
|
V |
Emergence: Shoot/Leaf breaks through soil surface
|
|
P |
Buds show green tips
|
| Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development (main shoot)
|
| 10 |
G, M |
First true leaf emerged from coleoptile
|
|
D |
Cotyledons completely unfolded
|
|
P |
First leaves separated
|
| 11 |
|
First true leaf, leaf pair or whorl unfolded
|
|
P |
First leaves unfolded
|
| 12 |
|
2 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded
|
| 13 |
|
3 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded
|
| 1 . |
|
Stages continuous till ...
|
| 19 |
|
9 or more true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded
|
| Principal growth stage 2: Formation of side shoots / tillering
|
| 21 |
|
First side shoot visible
|
|
G |
First tiller visible
|
| 22 |
|
2 side shoots visible
|
|
G |
2 tillers visible
|
| 23 |
|
3 side shoots visible
|
|
G |
3 tillers visible
|
| 2 . |
|
Stages continuous till ...
|
| 29 |
|
9 or more side shoots visible
|
|
G |
9 or more tillers visible
|
| Principal growth stage 3: Stem elongation /shoot development (main shoot)
|
| 30 |
|
Beginning of stem elongation
|
|
G |
Beginning of shooting
|
| 31 |
|
1 visibly extended internode
|
|
G |
1 node stage
|
| 32 |
|
2 visibly extended internode;
|
|
G |
2 node stage
|
| 33 |
|
3 visibly extended internode
|
|
G |
3 node stage
|
| 3 . |
|
Stages continuous till ...
|
| 39 |
|
9 or more visibly extended internodes
|
|
G |
9 or more nodes
|
| Principal growth stage 4: vegetative propagation / booting (main shoot)
|
| 40 |
V |
Vegetative reproductive organs begin to develop (rhizomes, stolons, tubers, runners, bulbs)
|
| 41 |
G |
Flag leaf sheath extending
|
| 42 |
V |
First young plant visible
|
| 43 |
G |
Flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen (mid-boot)
|
| 45 |
G |
Flag leaf sheath swollen (late-boot)
|
| 47 |
G |
Flag leaf sheath opening
|
| 49 |
V |
Constant new development of young plants; vegetative reproductive organs reach final size
|
|
G |
First awns visible
|
| Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence (main shoot) / heading
|
| 51 |
|
Inflorescence or flower buds visible
|
|
G |
Beginning of heading
|
| 55 |
|
First individual flowers visible (still closed)
|
|
G |
Half of inflorescence emerged (middle of heading)
|
| 59 |
|
First flower petals visible (in petalled forms)
|
|
G |
Inflorescence fully emerged (end of heading)
|
| Principal growth stage 6: Flowering (main shoot)
|
| 60 |
|
First flowers open (sporadically)
|
| 61 |
|
Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open
|
| 63 |
|
30% of flowers open
|
| 65 |
|
Full flowering: 50% of flowers open, first petals may be fallen
|
| 67 |
|
Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry
|
| 69 |
|
End of flowering: fruit set visible
|
| Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit
|
| 71 |
|
Fruits begin to develop
|
|
G |
Caryopsis watery ripe
|
| 79 |
|
Nearly all fruits have reached final size normal for the species and location
|
| Principal growth stage 8: Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed
|
| 81 |
|
Beginning of ripening or fruit coloration
|
| 89 |
|
Fully ripe
|
| Principal growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy
|
| 97 |
|
End of leaf fall, plants or above ground parts dead or dormant;
|
|
P, V |
Plant resting or dormant
|
