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Azure
Azure
Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#0080FF
sRGBB (r, g, b)	(0, 128, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)	(210°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)	(55, 117, 255°)
Source	On the RGB and CMYK color wheel, Azure is defined as the colour halfway between blue and cyan. The colour halfway between blue and cyan on the RGB color wheel has a hex code of 0080FF.
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Vivid blue
	B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte); H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Azure (/ˈæʒər, ˈeɪʒər/ AZH-ər, AY-zhər, UK also /ˈæzjʊər, ˈeɪzjʊər/ AZ-ure, AY-zure)^[2]^[3]^[4] is the color between cyan and blue on the spectrum of visible light. It is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.^[4]^[5]

On the RGB color wheel, "azure" (hexadecimal #0080FF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan. In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a 50% of green light to a 100% of blue light.

In the X11 color system, which became a model for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan or white cyan.

Etymology and history

The color azure ultimately takes its name from the vivid-blue gemstone lapis lazuli, a metamorphic rock. Lapis is the Latin word for "stone" and lāzulī is the genitive form of the Medieval Latin lāzulum, which is taken from the Arabic لازورد lāzaward [laːzwrd] (listen^ⓘ), itself from the Persian لاژورد lāžaward, which is the name of the stone in Persian^[6] and also of a place where lapis lazuli was mined.^[7]^[8]

The name of the stone came to be associated with its color. The French azur, the Italian azzurro, the Polish lazur, Romanian azur and azuriu, the Portuguese and Spanish azul, Hungarian azúr, and the Catalan atzur, all come from the name and color of lapis lazuli. The dropping of the initial l in Romance languages may be a case of the linguistic phenomenon known as rebracketing, i.e. Romance speakers may have perceived the sound as the initial phoneme of the definitive article in their respective language.

The word was adopted into English from the French, and the first recorded use of it as a color name in English was in 1374 in Geoffrey Chaucer's work Troilus and Criseyde, where he refers to "a broche, gold and asure" (a brooch, gold and azure).^[9]^[10]^[11]

Some languages, such as Italian, generally consider azure to be a basic colour, separate and distinct from blue. Some sources even go to the point of defining blue as a darker shade of azure.^[12]

Azure also describes the color of the mineral azurite, both in its natural form and as a pigment in various paint formulations. In order to preserve its deep color, azurite was ground coarsely. Fine-ground azurite produces a lighter, washed-out color. Traditionally, the pigment was considered unstable in oil paints, and was sometimes isolated from other colors and not mixed.

The use of the term spread through the practice of heraldry, where "azure" represents a blue color in the system of tinctures. In engravings, it is represented as a region of parallel horizontal lines, or by the abbreviation az. or b. In practice, azure has been represented by any number of shades of blue. In later heraldic practice a lighter blue, called bleu celeste ("sky blue"), is sometimes specified.

Distinction among indigo, azure, and cyan

According to the logic of the RGB color wheel, indigo colors are those colors with hue codes between 255 and 225 (degrees), azure colors are those colors with hue codes between 195 and 225, and cyan colors are those colors with hue codes between 165 and 195. Another way of describing it could be that cyan is a mixture of blue and green light, azure is a mixture of blue and cyan light, and indigo is a mixture of blue and violet light.

All of the colors shown below in the section shades of azure are referenced as having a hue between 195 and 225 degrees, with the exception of the very pale X11 web color azure – RGB (240, 255, 255) – which, with a hue of 180 degrees, is a tone of cyan, but follows the artistic meaning of azure as sky blue.

In nature

Insects

Azure bluet (Enallagma aspersum), damselfly found in North America
Azure damselfly (Coenagrion puella), damselfly found in Europe
Azure hawker (Aeshna caerulea), dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae

Birds

Azure gallinule (Porphyrio flavirostris), bird in the rail family, Rallidae
Azure-hooded jay in a tree
Azure jay (Cyanocorax caeruleus) bird in the crow family, Corvidae
Azure kingfisher (Alcedo azurea), bird in the river kingfisher family, Alcedinidae
Azure tit
Azure tit (Cyanistes cyanus), bird in the tit family, Paridae
Azure-crowned hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala), a hummingbird in the family Trochilidae
Azure-hooded jay (Cyanolyca cucullata), bird in the crow family, Corvidae
Azure-naped jay (Cyanocorax heilprini), bird in the crow family, Corvidae
Azure-rumped tanager (Tangara cabanisi), bird in the family Thraupidae
Azure-shouldered tanager (Thraupis cyanoptera), bird in the family Thraupidae
Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana), bird in the crow family, Corvidae
European roller (Coracias garrulus)

Plants

Azure bluet (Houstonia caerulea), flower found in the eastern United States

In culture

Côte d'Azur ("Azure Coast") is a name commonly used for the French Riviera, part of France's southeastern coast on the Mediterranean.
In Chinese mythology, the Azure Dragon is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. It is sometimes called the Azure Dragon of the East (traditional Chinese: 東方青龍; simplified Chinese: 东方青龙; pinyin: Dōngfāng Qīnglóng). Known as Seiryū (青竜) in Japan and Cheongryong (청룡／青龍) in Korea, it represents the east and the spring season.
Savoy azure (azzurro Savoia) is a traditional national color for Italy, taken from the traditional colors of the House of Savoy, the ruling house of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia that established the first modern united Italian state. The association between azure and Italian nationalism led in the Italy national football team donning azure jerseys, giving them the nickname gli Azzurri ("the Azures"). It is also the color of the Italian state police (Polizia di Stato).
Ken Nordine's 1966 album Colors features the song "Azures".
Portuguese and Spanish tilework known as azulejo has the same etymology due to the color blue (azul) being used in its design.

Shades of azure, Tekhelet and blue are seen in this photo, depicting the Flag of Israel on the background of the sea.

In Hebrew the azure color is called Tekhelet ("תכלת"). Tekhelet and white are sacred colors for the Jewish people. In the Torah there is a mitzva to put a Tekhelet thread in the tzitzit. The colors Tekhelet and white are the National colors of Israel and appear in the flag of Israel (where the Tekhelet resembles blue).

Astronomy

The true color of the exoplanet HD 189733b determined by astronomers is azure blue.^[13]

References

^ On colour plate 33 (page 89) of the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color by Maerz and Paul, the colours on the right side of colour plate 33 from top to bottom represent the most highly saturated colours on the color wheel from cyan to azure, and the colours on the bottom of colour plate 33 from right to left represent the most highly saturated colours on the colour wheel from azure to blue. The colour sample that represents azure is colour sample L12 on Plate 33 on Page 89. See reference to Azure on Page 190 in the index. See also discussion of the color azure, Page 149.
^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
^ ^a ^b "azure". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020.
^ "azure". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
^ Oxford English Dictionary
^ Senning, Alexander (2007). "lapis lazuli (lazurite)". Elsevier's Dictionary of Chemoetymology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-444-52239-9.
^ Weekley, Ernest (1967). "azure". An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. New York: Dover Publications. p. 97.
^ "azure, n. and adj". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 21 April 2011.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The Project Gutenberg EBook of Troilus and Criseyde". Troilus and Criseyde. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190. Also Azure @ Dictionary.Reference.com. Also Azur @ CNRTL.fr (in french).
^ Gabrielli, Aldo. "Grande Dizionario Italiano". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
^ "Blue and bizarre".