Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. With regard to the first table, original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered. With regard to the second table, these estimated figures for adult human height for said countries and territories in 2019 and the declared sources may conflict with the findings of the first table.
First table: individual surveys and studies
Accuracy
As with any statistical data, the accuracy of the findings may be challenged. In this case, for the following reasons:
Some studies may allow subjects to self-report values.[1] Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region.[2][3][4][5]
Some countries may have significant height gaps between different regions. For instance, one survey shows there is 10.8 centimetres (4.3 in) gap between the tallest state and the shortest state in Germany.[6] Under such circumstances, the mean height may not represent the total population unless sample subjects are appropriately taken from all regions with using weighted average of the different regional groups.
Different social groups can show different mean height. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are 2.6 centimetres (1.0 in) taller, and university students are 2.55 centimetres (1.0 in) taller than the national average.[7] As this case shows, data taken from a particular social group may not represent a total population in some countries.
Height measurement can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or an increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). For example, one study revealed a mean decrease of 1.54 centimetres (0.6 in) in the heights of 100 children from getting out of bed in the morning to between 4 and 5 p.m. that same day.[8] Such factors may not have been controlled in all of the following studies.
Measured and self-reported figures
Data are representative of the majority of the adult population in the country or region.[a]
Note: Letters in grey indicate non-measured height. Where available, standard deviation (SD) is listed under Sample population / age range.
Second table: estimated average height of 19-year-olds in 2019
Accuracy
As with any statistical data, the accuracy of the findings may be challenged. In this case, for the following reasons:
The study uses a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the trends in mean height from 1985 to 2019. 1,344 academics having collated the results of 2,181 studies covering 65 million people.[218] Their findings are based on selected material rather than all available.
The table and diagrams of this subsection are reliant on one singular publication which in turn cites surveys that are largely not available to the public because the public has no free access to them (e.g. mean height, median, percentiles, standard deviation, background factors, etc.).[219]
Height measurement can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or an increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). For example, one study revealed a mean decrease of 1.54 centimetres (0.6 in) in the heights of 100 children from getting out of bed in the morning to between 4 and 5 p.m. that same day.[8] Such factors may not have been controlled in the following study.
Estimated figures
Countries and territories are sorted according to the average of the male and female mean height:[d]
^Data representative of the adult population in the country or region are those that factor in a proportional share of at least 50.0% of the country or region's population aged 18 and over.
^Data are calculated as of a data collection year of each survey. If data were taken in several years in a survey, the initial year would be chosen for the calculation.
^"Capítulo V: Resultados"(PDF) (in Spanish). p. 82 (in the PDF file, p. 342). Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
^"第五次国民体质监测统计调查制度". www.stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
^Guogang Lu; Yi Hu; Zhihui Yang; Yan Zhang; Shengxu Lu; Siyuan Gong; Tingting Li; Yijie Shen; Sihan Zhang & Hanya Zhuang (2022). "Geographic latitude and human height - Statistical analysis and case studies from China". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 15 (4). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7 September 2022. doi:10.1007/s12517-021-09335-x. The number of cases was 57,574, with an average age of 48 years and a median age of 47 years. They were all over 18 years old at the time of the investigation. Regardless of age, urbanity or rurality, ethnic groups, or provinces, the average height of males was 169.60 cm, while the average height of females was 158.88 cm. The gender difference was significant (P< 0.000).
^Vignerová J, Brabec M, Bláha P (June 2006). "Two centuries of growth among Czech children and youth". Economics and Human Biology. 4 (2): 237–252. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2005.09.002. PMID16371255.
^Pineau JC, Delamarche P, Bozinovic S (September 2005). "[Average height of adolescents in the Dinaric Alps]". Comptes Rendus Biologies (in French). 328 (9): 841–846. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.07.004. PMID16168365. Note: the authors added +1 cm to the mean height of the male sample to account for unfinished growth, resulting in a statistical value of 185.6 cm.
^Mamidi RS, Kulkarni B, Singh A (March 2011). "Secular trends in height in different states of India in relation to socioeconomic characteristics and dietary intakes". Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 32 (1): 23–34. doi:10.1177/156482651103200103. PMID21560461. S2CID25779466.
^Cacciari E, Milani S, Balsamo A, Spada E, Bona G, Cavallo L, et al. (2006). "Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr)". Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 29 (7): 581–593. doi:10.1007/BF03344156. PMID16957405. S2CID25904766.
^ abOkosun IS, Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Osotimehin B, Forrester T (November 1998). "Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans". Diabetes Care. 21 (11): 1836–1842. doi:10.2337/diacare.21.11.1836. PMID9802730.
^ARIFI, Fitim et al. Stature and its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Kosovan Adults: National Survey. Int. J. Morphol. 2017, vol.35, n.3, pp.1161-1167. ISSN 0717-9502.
^ abNote: In this study, the subjects' height was measured twice. The first measurement presumably took place in 2004 and the average height of the conscripts was 176.4 cm. When they measured the same group after a year, the mean height of the conscripts was 177.2 cm
^Tutkuviene J (March 2005). "Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians". Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur. 63 (1): 29–44. doi:10.1127/anthranz/63/2005/29. JSTOR29542614. PMID15830586.
^Dettwyler KA (July 1992). "Nutritional status of adults in rural Mali". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 88 (3): 309–321. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330880306. PMID1642319.
^"Lichaamslengte". CBS.nl. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS). 16 September 2021. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
^Webb E, Kuh D, Peasey A, Pajak A, Malyutina S, Kubinova R, et al. (April 2008). "Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and adult height and leg length in central and eastern Europe". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 62 (4): 351–357. doi:10.1136/jech.2006.056457. PMID18339829. S2CID24602487.
^Sardinha LB, Santos R, Vale S, Silva AM, Ferreira JP, Raimundo AM, et al. (June 2011). "Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Portuguese youth: a study in a representative sample of 10-18-year-old children and adolescents". International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. 6 (2): e124 –e128. doi:10.3109/17477166.2010.490263. PMID20919807.
^Bener A, Kamal AA (September 2005). "Growth patterns of Qatari school children and adolescents aged 6-18 years". Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 23 (3): 250–258. PMID16262022.
^Deurenberg P, Bhaskaran K, Lian PL (2003). "Singaporean Chinese adolescents have more subcutaneous adipose tissue than Dutch Caucasians of the same age and body mass index". Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 12 (3): 261–265. PMID14505987.
^Ranasinghe P, Jayawardana MA, Constantine GR, Sheriff MH, Matthews DR, Katulanda P (January 2011). "Patterns and correlates of adult height in Sri Lanka". Economics and Human Biology. 9 (1): 23–29. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2010.09.005. PMID21126931.
^"Svenskarna längre och tyngre" [Swedes are taller and heavier]. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 29 February 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
^ abCavelaars AE, Kunst AE, Geurts JJ, Crialesi R, Grötvedt L, Helmert U, et al. (2000). "Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: an overview of 10 European countries". Annals of Human Biology. 27 (4): 407–421. doi:10.1080/03014460050044883. PMID10942348. S2CID21567153.
^Sombatsawat, Ekarat; Robson, Mark Gregory; Siriwong, Wattasit (5 August 2018). "Anthropometric Dimension of Agricultural Workers in North Eastern Thailand". Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 826. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 423–433. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96065-4_47. ISBN978-3-319-96064-7. ISSN2194-5357. S2CID81620354.
^Iseri A, Arslan N (January 2009). "Obesity in adults in Turkey: age and regional effects". European Journal of Public Health. 19 (1): 91–94. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckn107. PMID19091784.
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