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"Arioso"
"Arioso"
Art song by Jean Sibelius
	The composer (c. 1911)
Opus	3
Text	Flickans årstider by Runeberg
Language	Swedish
Composed	1911
Publisher	Apostol [fi] (1913; pf. version); Westerlund [fi] (1951; str. version);
Duration	4 mins.
Premiere
Date	18 September 1913
Location	Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland
Performers	Ida Ekman (soprano); Karl Ekman [fi] (pianist);

"Arioso", Op. 3, is an art song for vocal soloist (typically soprano) and accompaniment written in 1911 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, who appears to have worked simultaneously on two versions of the song: one with strings and the other with piano. The piece, which is a setting of the Swedish-language poem Flickans årstider ("The Maiden's Seasons") by Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Sibelius's favorite poet,^[4] premiered on 18 September 1913 in Helsinki with the Finnish soprano Ida Ekman as soloist, accompanied by her husband, Karl Ekman [fi], on piano.^[2] The next year in Turku on 30 March, the version of the piece for string orchestra was first performed, again with Ekman as soloist; her husband this time conducted the Turku Orchestral Society.^[1]

The Finnish soprano Ida Ekman (bottom) premiered both versions of Sibelius's "Arioso"; the version of "Arioso" with strings (ad above) was first performed on 30 March 1914.

Sibelius infamously gave "Arioso" an artificially low opus number to avoid a contractual dispute with his publisher, Breitkopf & Härtel. (Sibelius had sold both versions of "Arioso" to the Helsinki-based publisher A. Apostols Musikhandel [fi], who then tried to sell the rights to Breitkopf & Härtel. When Breitkopf & Härtel protested, Sibelius fibbed, claiming that the song was an older piece that dated to 1890.) Apostle never published the version for strings, and in 1917 his holdings transferred to R. E. Westerlund oy [fi], who subsequently issued the first edition of this version in 1951.^[4]

Music

Original Swedish	English translation^[b]
Flickan gick en vintermorgon i den rimbeströdda lunden, såg en vissnad ros och talte: "Sörj ej, sörj ej, arma blomma, att din sköna tid förflutit! Du har levat, du har njutit, du har ägt din vår och glädje, innan vinterns köld dig nådde. Värre öde har mitt hjärta, har på en gång vår och vinter: gossens öga är dess vårdag, och min moders är dess vinter".	One winter morning the girl walked in the frost-strewn grove, saw a withered rose and said: "Do not lament, poor flower, that your happy time is over! You have lived, you have delighted, you have possessed your joyous spring, before the winter cold reached you. My heart suffers a worse fate, it holds spring and winter at once: my lover's eyes are its spring day, my mother's are its winter".

Reception

The British musicologist Robert Layton describes "Arioso" as possessing "the grave air of melancholy that distinguishes the elegiac Grieg, and much the same intentness and conviction ... there is a touching directness of utterance about this music and more than a hint of the wide-ranging vocal writing" that Sibelius would master subsequently with the tone poem Luonnotar (Op. 70, 1913). The Sibelius biographer Andrew Barnett, too emphasizes the relation to the Norwegian master: ""Arioso" is a very fine song, with a vein of Nordic melancholy and string textures that have often been compared to Grieg".^[4]^[5]

Discography

The Swedish conductor and composer Ture Rangström and the Stockholm Concert Society Orchestra, joined by the Finnish soprano Aulikki Rautawaara, made the world premiere studio recording of "Arioso" in 1942 for Telefunken.^[1] The table below lists this and other commercially available recordings of the version with string orchestra:

No.	Soloist	Conductor	Orchestra	Rec.^[c]	Time	Recording venue	Label	Ref.
1	Aulikki Rautawaara	Ture Rangström	Stockholm Concert Society Orchestra	1942	4:02	?	Telestar	^[d]
2	Kirsten Flagstad (2)	Øivin Fjeldstad	London Symphony Orchestra	1958	4:06	Kingsway Hall	Decca	^[e]
3	MariAnne Häggander [sv]	Jorma Panula	Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra	1984	3:48	Gothenburg Concert Hall	BIS	^[f]
4	Karita Mattila (2)	Sakari Oramo	City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra	2001	4:24	Symphony Hall, Birmingham	Warner Classics	^[g]
5	Soile Isokoski	Leif Segerstam	Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra	2005	4:38	Finlandia Hall	Ondine	^[a]

The version of "Arioso" for piano accompaniment received its first studio recording in 1981, when the Finnish baritone Tom Krauseand the American pianist Irwin Gage recorded it for Decca.^[2] Predating this, however, is a 1954 radio performance by the Norwegian soprano Kirsten Flagstad and the Norwegian pianist Waldemar Alme [no], which Simax Classics [no] released in 1996. The table below includes these and other commercially available recordings:

No.	Soloist	Pianist	Rec.^[c]	Time	Recording venue	Label	Ref.
1	Kirsten Flagstad (1)	Waldemar Alme [no]	1954	5:03	NRK Studios	Simax Classics [no]	^[h]
2	Tom Krause	Irwin Gage	1981	4:13	Kingsway Hall	Decca	^[i]
3	Ritva Auvinen [fi]	Gustav Djupsjöbacka [fi]	1988	3:26	Martinas Culture Hall [fi]	Ondine	^[j]
4	Anne Sofie von Otter	Bengt Forsberg	1989	4:06	Danderyd Grammar School	BIS	^[k]
5	Karita Mattila (1)	Ilmo Ranta [fi]	1995	4:44	Järvenpää Hall [fi]	Ondine	^[l]
6	Essi Luttinen [fi]	Kristian Attila [fi]	2006	4:04	Mäntyharju Church [fi]	Taidekeskus Salmela [fi]	^[m]

Notes, references, and sources

Notes

^ ^a ^b L. Segerstam—Ondine (ODE 1080–5) 2006
^ This translation is from the liner notes to the recording by Leif Segerstam, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, and Soile Isokoski.^[a]^: 37
^ ^a ^b Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
^ T. Rangström—Telestar (TR 11148) 1974
^ Ø. Fjeldstad—Decca (00028947888239) 2015
^ J. Panula—BIS (CD–270) 1984
^ S. Oramo—Warner Classics (8573 80243–2) 2004
^ K. Flagstad—Simax Classics (PSC 1824) 1996
^ T. Krause—Decca (00028947886150) 2015
^ R. Auvinen—Ondine (ODE 728–2) 1989
^ A. von Otter—BIS (CD–457) 1989
^ K. Mattila—Ondine (ODE 856–2) 1995
^ E. Luttinen—Taidekeskus Salmela (TSCD6) 2006

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dahlström 2003, p. 11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dahlström 2003, p. 12.
^ Dahlström 2003, pp. 11–12.
^ ^a ^b ^c Barnett 2007, p. 215.
^ Layton 1993, pp. 162–163.

Sources

Barnett, Andrew (2007). Sibelius. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16397-1.
Dahlström, Fabian [in Swedish] (2003). Jean Sibelius: Thematisch-bibliographisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke [Jean Sibelius: A Thematic Bibliographic Index of His Works] (in German). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 3-7651-0333-0.
Layton, Robert (1993) [1965]. Sibelius. (The Master Musicians Series) (4th ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0028713222.
Tawaststjerna, Erik (2008c) [1978/1988; trans. 1997]. Sibelius: Volume III, 1914–1957. Translated by Layton, Robert. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-24774-5.