21st Brigade (United Kingdom)

21st Brigade
21st Infantry Brigade
Active1914–1918
1940
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeInfantry
SizeBrigade
Part of7th Division
EngagementsSecond Boer War
World War I
World War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Maj-Gen Bruce Hamilton
Brig J.C.O. Marriott

21st Brigade (21st Bde) was an infantry formation of the British Army first organised in the Second Boer War, when it took part in Ian Hamilton's March from Bloemfontein to Pretoria. Reformed in World War I it served under the command of first 7th Division and then 30th Division, fighting in most of the major battles on the Western Front from the First Battle of Ypres to the Armistice. It was briefly re-raised in the Sudan early in World War II before being transferred to the Indian Army.

Second Boer War

British Army brigades had traditionally been ad hoc formations known by the name of their commander or numbered as an integral part of a division. However, units deployed to the Second Boer War in 1899 were organised into sequentially numbered brigades that were frequently reassigned between divisions.[1][2] 21st Brigade was formed in South Africa in April 1900 under the command of Major-General Bruce Hamilton.[3] Bruce Hamilton (described as a 'superb fighting general'[4]) had begun the war a substantive Major and Brevet Colonel serving as Assistant Adjutant General of 2nd Division, and had been wounded in the action at Venter's Spruit on 20 January.[5][6][7] His new brigade comprised three Regular infantry battalions together with the famous City Imperial Volunteers (CIV), recently arrived from Britain.[3][8][9]

Order of Battle 1900

The composition of 21st Bde in April–June 1900 was as follows:[3][10][11]

Bloemfontein to Pretoria

21st Brigade began operations as part of Lord Roberts' force and was then assigned to Lieutenant-General Ian Hamilton's Winburg Column. This force operated on Lord Roberts' right flank during the advance into the Orange Free State.[3][4][20][21][22]

Hamilton's Column left Bloemfontein on 22 April and took part in the following general actions in a march of over 450 miles (720 km) in 45 days:[10][23]

  • Israel's Poorte, 25 April
  • Houtnek, 30 April–1 May
  • Welkom, 4 May
  • Passage of the Sand River, 10 May: 21st Brigade crossed the river covered by artillery fire and deployed on a wide front before advancing, the Sussex and CIV coming under heavy fire.[24]
  • Affair of Lindley, 20 May
  • Doornkop, 29 May: Hamilton attacked a force of several thousand Boers occupying a group of kopjes east of the town. While the cavalry worked round the left flank the widely-dispersed infantry advanced against the Boer centre at 15.00, with 19th Brigade on the right and 21st on the left. The CIV led Bruce Hamilton's attack, which according to Winston Churchill (observing as a war correspondent) was 'pressed with vigour, and directed with skill', the CIV advancing 'with great dash and spirit'. During the advance the two brigades diverged, but the Sussex and an artillery battery were pushed forward into the gap. After exchanges of rifle fire, the CIV clearing Roodepoort, the Boers began to pull back and were shelled as they retreated. The British casualties were not heavy except in 19th Bde. Advancing 6 miles (9.7 km) on to Florida, the force found sufficient supplies to continue the advance while the convoys caught up.[25][26][27][28]
  • Six Mile Spruit (Pretoria), 4 June
  • Battle of Diamond Hill, 11–12 June: The Boers made a stand beyond Pretoria, and after a fierce action involving the cavalry and mounted infantry (MI), Bruce Hamilton was ordered to advance against a scrub-covered ridge in front of the main Diamond Hill ridge. After an artillery preparation the Sussex established themselves on the northern end of the ridge while the CIV and MI held the Boers frontally and slowly rolled up other end. The Boers began to withdraw, but in crossing the open ground before the main hill they came under heavy rifle fire from Hamilton's men. Next day (12 June) the advance was resumed: once 1st (Guards) Brigade had come up in support, 21st Bde began the attack at 13.00. The Derbyshires (Sherwood Foresters), who had been skirmishing in the morning, now advanced up a flat tongue of land to the right, the CIV in the centre, and the Sussex on the left. The advance was exposed to enfilade fire from pom-pom guns but the infantry made lodgements along the rim of the Diamond Hill plateau. Here they were exposed to fire from another kopje and casualties began to mount. 82nd Battery, RFA, was brought up to suppress this fire, and by 16.00 the Guards and more batteries were up. Fighting died down at sunset, and the Boers withdrew during the night.[7][16][29][30][31]

Guerrilla warfare

After Diamond Hill and the occupation of Pretoria and Johannesburg the war resolved into a lengthy guerrilla campaign conducted on the British side by ad hoc columns, often mounted. The CIV and Derbyshires left 21st Bde on convoy work, but the other units participated in the battle of Retiefs Nek (24 July) and the capture of the main Orange Free State force at the Brandwater Basin (30 July). Having covered 1,200 miles (1,900 km) since 28 April, 21st Bde began a new 80 miles (130 km) march on 28 August. Its task was first to relieve a surrounded force of MI and Imperial Yeomanry, during which it captured Commandant Olivier and his force, then to rescue a force of Royal Marine Light Infantry and Yeomanry, to rout Commandant Fourie's force on 4 September. Thereafter its units continued to participate individually in the efforts to catch Christiaan de Wet and the other Boer forces still at large – Bruce Hamilton still had the Sussex and Cameron Highlanders with him during the autumn campaign – but the brigade organisation had disappeared.[7][16][18][19][32][33]

World War I

It was assigned to the 7th Division and later to 30th Division, serving on the Western Front during World War I.

Order of battle

The composition of the brigade was:[34]

On reorganisation in July 1918:

World War II

The brigade was reformed in World War II. The brigade Headquarters were formed in the Sudan on 24 July 1940, commanded by Brigadier J.C.O. Marriott and, as in World War I, consisting of three Regular Army battalions. However, with the arrival of the 5th Indian Infantry Division, which at the time consisted only of two brigades, the brigade was transferred to the Indian Army establishment and subsequently, on 12 October 1940, redesignated as the 29th Indian Infantry Brigade and the battalions were posted to the other two brigades of 5th Indian Division, the 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment to the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade and 1st Essex Regiment to 10th Indian Infantry Brigade.[35][36]

Order of battle

References

  1. ^ Amery (1902), p. 114.
  2. ^ Dunlop (1938), p. 74.
  3. ^ a b c d Amery (1902), p. 505.
  4. ^ a b Lee (2000), pp. 59–60.
  5. ^ Creswicke (1900a), Chart of Staff Appointments.
  6. ^ Creswicke (1900b), p. 104.
  7. ^ a b c d "Royal Sussex Regiment". Anglo Boer War.
  8. ^ Creswicke (1900b), pp. 171–173.
  9. ^ a b Creswicke (1900b), p. 132.
  10. ^ a b Churchill (1900), Appendix.
  11. ^ Creswicke (1900c), p. 90.
  12. ^ Frederick (1984), p. 500.
  13. ^ "Royal Field Artillery - 76th Battery". Anglo Boer War.
  14. ^ Creswicke (1900b), p. 49.
  15. ^ Creswicke (1900c), p. 68.
  16. ^ a b c "Sherwood Foresters". Anglo Boer War.
  17. ^ Creswicke (1900c), pp. 17–18.
  18. ^ a b "Camerons". Anglo Boer War.
  19. ^ a b "City Imperial Volunteers". Anglo Boer War.
  20. ^ Creswicke (1900c), p. 97.
  21. ^ Creswicke (1900c), p. 168.
  22. ^ Pakenham (1993), p. 219.
  23. ^ Churchill (1900), pp. 86–107, 137–154.
  24. ^ Churchill (1900), pp. 173–181.
  25. ^ Churchill (1900), pp. 245–257.
  26. ^ Creswicke (1900c), pp. 147–148.
  27. ^ Lee (2000), p. 61.
  28. ^ Pakenham (1993), p. 220.
  29. ^ Churchill (1900), pp. 381–400.
  30. ^ Creswicke (1901), pp. 12–19.
  31. ^ Lee (2000), pp. 61–62.
  32. ^ Creswicke (1901), pp. 34–35, 49–53, 114–116.
  33. ^ Pakenham (1993), pp. 226–235.
  34. ^ "7th Division". The Long Long Trail. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  35. ^ Joslen (1960), p. 263.
  36. ^ "5th Indian Division (1941-42)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.

Bibliography

External sources

Read other articles:

2024 Indonesian general election ← 2019 14 February 2024 (2024-02-14) Registered204,807,222 ( 7.36%) Presidential electionOpinion polls   Candidate Anies Baswedan Prabowo Subianto Ganjar Pranowo Party Independent Gerindra PDI-P Alliance Change for Unity[b] Advanced Indonesia[c] EPPC[a] Running mate Muhaimin Iskandar Gibran Rakabuming Mahfud MD 2024 electoral map for the presidential election Incumbent President Joko Widodo PDI-P...

Fred 2: Night of the Living FredDVD cover of the movieSutradara John Fortenberry Produser Brian Robbins Sharla Sumpter Bridgette Ditulis oleh David A. Goodman SkenarioDavid A. GoodmanCeritaLucas CruikshankBerdasarkanCharacters:Lucas CruikshankPemeranLucas CruikshankSeth MorrisDaniella MonetJake WearySiobhan Fallon HoganAriel WinterJohn CenaCarlos KnightPerusahaanproduksiDerf FilmsVarsity PicturesThe CollectiveDistributorLionsgateTanggal rilis 22 Oktober 2011 (2011-10-22) Durasi84 menitNe...

أحمد محمد حامد علي   معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1965  مصر  الوفاة سنة 2010 (44–45 سنة)  باكستان  سبب الوفاة هجوم بمسيرة  مواطنة مصر  الحياة العملية المهنة إرهابي  [لغات أخرى]‏  اللغة الأم اللهجة المصرية  اللغات العربية،  واللهجة المصرية  الخدمة ا

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع جوشوا (توضيح). جوشواJoshua (بالإنجليزية) معلومات عامةالصنف الفني فيلم رعب[1] — فيلم دراما — فيلم إثارة تاريخ الصدور 2007 17 يناير 2008[2] (ألمانيا) مدة العرض 106 دقيقة اللغة الأصلية الإنجليزية البلد الولايات المتحدة موقع التصوير نيويورك موقع الويب foxsear...

Замок Кілтімон Шаблон:Визначна пам'ятка: зображення відсутнє: Країна  Ірландія : ISO3166-1 alpha-3:IRL; ISO3166-1 цифровий:372; Замок Кілтімон (англ. Kiltimon Castle, Newcastle) — Ньюкасл, Новий Замок — один із замків Ірландії, розташований у графстві Віклоу. Історія Замок Кілтімон б�...

Institution for those unable to support themselves For the prison in St. Louis known as The Workhouse, see St. Louis Workhouse. Former workhouse in Nantwich, dating from 1780 In Britain and Ireland, a workhouse (Welsh: tloty[1] lit. poor-house) was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment (In Scotland, they were usually known as poorhouses.). The earliest known use of the term workhouse is from 1631, in an account by...

Allerheiligenkirche in Dolní Bučice Vorderansicht Die Allerheiligenkirche in Dolní Bučice ist eine römisch-katholische Filialkirche im Okres Kutná Hora in Tschechien. Der spätklassizistische Bau aus der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ist als Kulturdenkmal geschützt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Lage 2 Geschichte 3 Beschreibung 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Lage Die von einer Mauer und Grünfläche umgebene Kirche befindet sich auf dem alten Dorfplatz von Dolní Bučice in der Tylova ulice. Um die ...

One of the three tribunals of the Roman Curia Current logo of the Apostolic Penitentiary Part of a series on theRoman Curia Secretariat of State Section for Relations with States Dicasteries Evangelization Doctrine of the Faith Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors International Theological Commission Pontifical Biblical Commission Service of Charity Eastern Churches Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments Causes of Saints Bishops Pontifical Commission for Latin America C...

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Square.Block Тип Делавэрская корпорация[d] Листинг на бирже NYSE: SQ Основание февраль 2009 Основатели Джек Дорси, Джим МакКелвей  (англ.) (рус. Расположение  США: Сан-Франциско, Калифорния Отрасль Финансовые услуги, мобильны�...

Neighbourhood in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, CanadaQuidi VidiNeighbourhoodQuidi Vidi as seen looking west from the top of Cuckhold's Cove HeadCountry CanadaProvince Newfoundland and LabradorCitySt. John'sWard2Government • Administrative bodySt. John's City Council • CouncilorOphelia Ravencroft Quidi Vidi is a neighbourhood in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Its pronunciations vary, even amongst longtime residents, but Kiddy Vidi is the most ...

Luhansk vehicle license plates This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (December 2018) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (June 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful s...

Smartphone with Slide keyboard Samsung Galaxy S GlideSamsung Galaxy S Glide or Samsung Captivate Glide with its keyboard extended and back lights onManufacturerSamsung ElectronicsCompatible networksDual band 802.16e 2.5G (GSM/GPRS/EDGE): 850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz UMTS: 850, 1900, and 2100 MHz HSPA+: 21/42 Mbit/s; HSUPA: 5.76 Mbit/sFirst released2012TypeSlider QWERTY Touchscreen smartphoneDimensions124.17 mm (4.889 in) H64.60 mm (2.543 in) W...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2019) ستانلي براون معلومات شخصية الميلاد 23 مايو 1877  كليفتون  الوفاة 12 سبتمبر 1952 (75 سنة)   الجنسية المملكة المتحدة المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلند�...

2019 Argentine filmShaktiPromotional posterDirected byMartín RejtmanWritten byMartín RejtmanProduced byFlorencia LarreaVictoria MarottaJerónimo QuevedoStarringIgnacio SolmoneseLaura ViscontiSusana PampínCinematographyFederico LastraEdited byAndrés MedinaRelease date9 February 2019 (2019-02-09)Running time19 min.CountriesArgentinaChileLanguageSpanish Shakti is a 2019 Argentine-Chilean short film written and directed by Martín Rejtman. The film premiered at the 69th Berlin ...

Indonesian diplomat (1925–2012) Kharis SuhudOfficial portrait, 19929th Speaker of the People's Consultative AssemblyIn office1 October 1987 – 1 October 1992PresidentSuhartoPreceded byAmir MachmudSucceeded byWahono10th Deputy Speaker of thePeople's Consultative AssemblyIn office1 October 1982 – 1 October 1987 Personal detailsBornMohammad Kharis Suhud(1925-04-10)10 April 1925Madiun, West Java, IndonesiaDied20 August 2012(2012-08-20) (aged 87)Pertamina Central Hospit...

Lokasi Teluk Babi Teluk Babi adalah sebuah teluk kecil yang terletak di pantai selatan Kuba.[1] Pada tahun 1910, teluk ini termasuk dalam Provinsi Santa Clara dan menjadi bagian dalam Provinsi Las Villas pada tahun 1961.[1] Setelah itu, Teluk Babi masuk ke Provinsi Cienfuegos ketika enam provinsi asli di Kuba diubah menjadi empat belas provinsi.[1] Teluk Babi berada sekitar 30 kilometer dari Jaguey Grande, 70 kilometer dari sebelah barat Kota Cienfuegos dan 150 kilomet...

Moore Global Network LimitedJenisJaringan globalIndustriAkuntansiJasa ProfesionalPajakKonsultansiDidirikan1907Kantorpusat150 Aldersgate StreetLondon, EC1A 4AB Britania Raya(Kantor Eksekutif Internasional)TokohkunciAnton Colella, CEO GlobalProdukJasa ProfesionalKaryawan30.000+ (2018)Situs webwww.moore-global.com Logo lama Moore Global Moore Global (resminya bernama Moore Global Network Limited) adalah sebuah jaringan perusahaan akuntansi dan konsultansi global[1] yang berkantor pusat d...

British TV series or programme MegamathsOpening titles of the second and third seriesGenreEducational children's seriesWritten byNeil Ben (Series 1–2)Chris Lillicrap (Series 1)Michael Malaghan (Series 1–3)Kjartan Poskitt (Series 1)Simon Davies (Series 2–6)Directed byNeil Ben (Series 1–2)Ken Robertson (Series 3)Starring List Jenny Hutchinson (Joker, Series 1)Gareth Jones (Joker, Series 2–3)Tony Armatrading (King of Clubs, Series 1–3)Simon Davies (King of Diamonds, Series 1–3...

Human settlement in WalesUpper Loughor WardArea1.61 km2 (0.62 sq mi)Population2,771 (2011 census)[1]• Density1,721/km2 (4,460/sq mi)Principal areaSwanseaPreserved countyWest GlamorganCountryWalesSovereign stateUnited KingdomUK ParliamentGowerSenedd Cymru – Welsh ParliamentGowerCouncillorsDarren Price (Plaid Cymru) List of places UK Wales Swansea Upper Loughor (Welsh: Casllwchwr Uchaf) was an electoral ward in the City and Coun...

The 19th Battalion (Central Ontario), CEFThe cap badge of the 19th BattalionActive6 November 1914 – 30 April 1919Country CanadaBranch2nd Canadian Division, CEF Canadian CorpsTypeLine InfantryRoleLight InfantrySizeOne battalionPart ofBritish ArmyEngagementsBattle of Flers-Courcelette, Battle of Thiepval, Battle of Le Transloy, Battle of the Ancre Heights, 1916. Vimy Ridge, Hill 70, Passchendaele, 1917. First Battle of the Somme (1918), Battle of Amiens, Second Battle of the Somme (1918)...